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Elizabeth and Philip with the flowers placed in Diana’s memory at Buckingham Palace, September 1997 The wedding of Prince Edward and Sophie Rhys-Jones, June 1999
Epilogue ‘Everyone thinks what fun to be the Queen if you can be Queen for a day: but for a lifetime…’ Elizabeth’s cousin, Lady Pamela Hicks’s face expressed her horror at the prospect of such a fate. There can be no retirement for Elizabeth. She will remain in office until she dies or is mentally incapacitated. Even in the latter case, she will still be Queen until the day of her death. Her reign has been one of the longest in British history – and one of the most difficult of recent times. Despite her hard work and total dedication, she has seen the standing of the monarchy as an institution diminish from the high peak of glamour and adulation which it reached in her Coronation year to the point where serious questions are being asked as to whether it will survive her. The 1990s witnessed an unprecedented wave of criticism and, perhaps worse, derision directed at Buckingham Palace. Republicanism has become fashionable again although it is principally among intellectuals and, more dangerously, powerful and influential people in the media and government. The advent of the New Labour government in May 1997 with an avowed programme of constitutional reform, including devolution and the removal of the hereditary element of the House of Lords, posed further questions. The new administration, composed largely of politicians who had been student radicals in the 1960s and ‘70s, some of them openly republican, was dedicated to the ‘modernization’ of Britain in which history and tradition were seen as irrelevant obstacles. A proportion of the population regard the monarchy with indifference, an attitude which would have been unthinkable in the early years of Elizabeth’s reign. The trigger for this wider public disaffection has undoubtedly been the behaviour of the younger royals and the break-up of the marriage of the Prince and Princess of Wales in particular. As the novelist Julian Barnes wrote in his Letters from London in 1992: When I was growing up, the Royal Family still operated as a moral and domestic exemplar for most of Her Britannic Majesty’s subjects. This function is currently in abeyance. You could try to argue that Elizabeth’s children are showing how democratically close to ordinary people they are by their ability to screw up their own lives; but that would be sophistry. Part of the unspoken deal between the Royals and the populace is that the Royals, in return for privilege, wealth and adoration, must occasionally be seen to suffer, or give the appearance of suffering; they must also indicate from time to time that they are subject to burdensome duty, to long-term conditions and restrictions that the rest of us do not envy. They can’t be seen to wallow in the benefits and then walk away when things get sticky. Otherwise the Royal Family will quickly decline into mere illustrators of what is known in advertising as an aspirational life-style: this is how we plebs could and would live, had we the luck, the history, the tax breaks. Whether this would be a strong enough philosophical justification for the House of Windsor’s continuance is doubtful. 1
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PENGUIN BOOKS ELIZABETH Sarah Bradf
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Elizabeth A BIOGRAPHY OF HER MAJEST
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For William
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Foreword to Revised Edition When I
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Descendants of Christian IX of Denm
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Second plate section Coronation Day
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1 Destiny ‘In a way I didn’t ha
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and dissolve Parliaments - in actua
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made pregnant by a footman, Queen V
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Prince Albert Edward (known as ‘B
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age which, allied to the splenetic
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‘before their family was even com
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his father, he showed a sure touch
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miserable time kicking his heels at
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But with her charm and enjoyment of
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see,’ Elizabeth’s mother was he
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2 Princess in an Ivory Tower ‘It
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oyal children. Victoria’s last su
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Queen Mary: I fear it has been a ve
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changed round”… she obviously f
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their lives was now settled: weeken
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At their first meeting Crawfie had
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Elizabeth and her grandmother were
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whose lapses they struggled to conc
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Simpson. The increasing prominence
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pretty little knees’). The King,
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Wallis appeared all over the world,
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also above the law, and there would
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3 Heiress ‘I thought it all very,
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Room’ and the ‘Boudoir’, with
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throne they were taking her educati
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Coronation, From Lilibet By Herself
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changed her style to suit current f
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million in today’s money], the ch
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valley; up on the moors the air is
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Chamberlain pursued his policy of c
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that Edward, Duke of Windsor, is th
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occupants of probably the most inse
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Dartmouth; two of the boys had deve
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everything,’ Lampson reported on
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Cynthia Colville, whose son Jock ha
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sitting-room there on the morning o
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educed so that on certain days of t
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The King and Queen were grooming El
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were often childish games like sard
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wrote. He and Milford Haven ‘went
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worrying… Now we have to fight a
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girls her daughter was associating
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5 A Princely Marriage ‘A princely
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during the war, was about to marry
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with difficulty that he faced the w
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off the Gestapo at last.’ One inc
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great comfort,’ the Queen wrote t
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master, Lord Beaverbrook: The Princ
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eyes,’ Crawfie wrote. Once the en
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gin and tonic with Milford Haven be
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old home is still yours & do come b
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originally been built in 1825-30 fo
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handled on that basis. The Civil Se
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as a wedding present), went to Font
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Charles Edward Stuart, ‘Bonnie Pr
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hyme figures on them. There was a g
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World War had drastically shrunk an
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and Margaret. She had loved them an
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fact, years afterwards when it was
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daughter in the terms that his own
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Gloucester. The King was his keenes
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celebrated as usual at Sandringham
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7 Sovereign Lady ‘I never imagine
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I think that those years after the
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Etched into the public consciousnes
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machinery have their tales to tell
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Express, almost the only newspaperm
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the Duke, was the first day of the
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public had insisted on its rights t
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world that vanished in 1939 lived a
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spurs to Lords Hastings and Chursto
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priest and Nathan the prophet, so b
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8 Dark Princess ‘One of the funct
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her to marry a divorced man, howeve
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more and more time with Margaret. O
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futilely, in their forecasts of the
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was, however, furious when, in the
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occasion of Margaret’s twenty-fou
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discussions with her sister about i
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This was the moral straitjacket int
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who could not bring themselves to b
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and over 600 Kandyan dancers and dr
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showing her a drawing and her sayin
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personality since I last saw him at
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had been told that he might not las
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eplied, ‘Not at all… He could h
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Elizabeth was always well briefed.
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un on the pound had developed. Brit
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tragic turn of fate which laid you
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grandee: ‘What do they want?’ T
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the main focus of his attack was up
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10 Tweed and Diamonds ‘Poor young
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atmosphere in the Private Secretari
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same as they had for her forebears,
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formidable lady. I got on with her
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sphere as Ladies of the Bedchamber
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training establishments. She likes
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to her work - politics and world af
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Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh, dr
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11 Mountbatten - Windsor ‘The Que
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his studio in Brick Street, Mayfair
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when the Island Sailing Club had gi
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took on the headship of various org
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Fleet, Field Marshal and Marshal of
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sword; his grandmother presented hi
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sending him. He went, but had to ru
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under the age of 25 has ever known
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Now therefore I declare my Will and
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to see The Bells Are Ringing. After
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enjoyed an informal style of living
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next decade. The 1960s was the era
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economically would ultimately fade
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Macmillan’s trump card. Elizabeth
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to satisfy the Conference that ‘B
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Elizabeth’s own first experience
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occasion, I’m told.’ Elizabeth
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ehaviour. She knew Cliveden, the se
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played in the Duke of Windsor saga
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summoned to Windsor to see the Quee
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and a pail underneath into which bi
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caught him completely on the wrong
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long time at it…’ The radical T
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tenth anniversary of the Coronation
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important area of her life - her ch
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mercilessly portrayed by cartoonist
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Australian terms - from Timbertop.
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Counsellors of State entitled to ca
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extrovert personality, she had foun
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parks the events were held and gett
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willing to play with him - absolute
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it was only after a threat of legal
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luncheon with the royal party but l
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Unlike his great-uncle, for whom th
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14 Daylight upon Magic ‘You’re
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Poet Laureate, C. Day Lewis, neithe
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from Buckingham Palace. The Palace
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publicity on a subject which both t
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Stationery and office equipment 46,
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The Committee’s recorded proceedi
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suggesting a royal commission into
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to reassure the Commonwealth. Unlik
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One gets a great deal of friendline
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1978, when the representatives of t
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experience. Not only was Margaret T
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continued. Lord Carrington, Thatche
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made concessions, led to the consti
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her Government’. Lastly, the Quee
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and perhaps to avoid the repeated c
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15 Extended Family ‘A family on t
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‘Her story was just like a nightm
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anecdotes which were invariably sel
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marriage. The question of Philip’
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and their active royal role, Elizab
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hostess Mrs Violet Wyndham. As the
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taxpayers by flying off to Mustique
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unspoken put-down - ‘she could ch
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eeked of joss sticks and from out o
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made from the emerald of the Great
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tragedy when Patrick Plunket died,
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ceremonial functions as the heir to
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friends, the elderly South African
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aware of what marriage into the roy
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16 Grim Fairy-Tales ‘It all seeme
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Althorp was tall, good-looking and,
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had been discussed. In 1978 Jane, t
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father, who later, when the marriag
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ealized, was not her type of girl.
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her courtiers might have had faded
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with the Prince at the Brabournes
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shaking like leaves and returned ca
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Sarah was the Fergusons’ second d
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much on his own. His education had
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a deeper level between Elizabeth an
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not an easy man to work for and was
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Prince’s attacks on ministers, wh
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staff included two public school bo
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more impatient with him than they w
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oth Wyatt and Ramzi Sultan, and ind
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epresenting the Queen, and Charles
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News International, owners of the S
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‘Squidgy’, ended with the publi
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father himself had not enjoyed. Fur
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(author’s italics) on their priva
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eing met. The conversation, curious
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the wake of the Waleses’ separati
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the Prince for her co-operation. El
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ambassador. In return Diana made it
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party which Prince Charles was to g
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18 Elizabeth R ‘With the monarchy
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a fundamental condition of royal in
Page 397 and 398: acknowledge that I hold the said bi
Page 399 and 400: etween two funds managed by two dif
Page 401 and 402: and some free nominations for her o
Page 403 and 404: grandfather; both her grandfather a
Page 405 and 406: and occupy the purpose-built villag
Page 407 and 408: are such an inseparable part of Eli
Page 409 and 410: public desire for a slimmed-down mo
Page 411 and 412: outside the Palace the newspapers a
Page 413 and 414: Airways. Relations between Palace a
Page 415 and 416: the enhanced public profile of the
Page 417 and 418: ‘The long, cool stare’: Elizabe
Page 419 and 420: ‘Uncle David’: Edward as Prince
Page 421 and 422: Sir Alan ‘Tommy’ Lascelles, Pri
Page 423 and 424: ‘Us four’ at the Royal Lodge, W
Page 425 and 426: Elizabeth and Philip pose for their
Page 427 and 428: The new Queen: Elizabeth at London
Page 429 and 430: ‘Blissful’ couple: Margaret and
Page 431 and 432: February 1957 ‘Bobo’ - Margaret
Page 433 and 434: Elizabeth seen with her Private Sec
Page 435 and 436: David George Coke Patrick Ogilvy, 1
Page 437 and 438: The fairy-tale Princess and her Sol
Page 439 and 440: Love Story II: The Prince of Wales
Page 441 and 442: Elizabeth with her racing manager a
Page 443 and 444: Balmoral Castle, set in the green v
Page 445 and 446: Elizabeth and Philip with their sen
Page 447: ‘That’s what it’s all about
Page 451 and 452: American observer put it, ‘You ta
Page 453 and 454: Acknowledgements By kind permission
Page 455 and 456: Sources All royal letters and diari
Page 457 and 458: 3: Heiress 1. Norman Hartnell, Silv
Page 459 and 460: 6: The Edinburghs 1. Balliol Colleg
Page 461 and 462: 1. Townsend, op. cit., p. 189 2. Th
Page 463 and 464: 16. cited in Anthony Holden, Charle
Page 465 and 466: 4. Longford, op. cit., p. 276 5. In
Page 467 and 468: 3. Bernard Palmer, High and Mitred
Page 469 and 470: Falkender, Marcia, Inside Number 10
Page 471 and 472: Vickers, Hugo, Alice: Princess Andr
Page 473 and 474: Altrincham, John Grigg, 2nd Baron,
Page 475 and 476: Blunt, Alfred Walter Frank, Bishop
Page 477 and 478: Charles I, King, 2, 95 Charles:The
Page 479 and 480: and outbreak of war, 86, 88; at Win
Page 481 and 482: dedication, 179-80, 186; and Common
Page 483 and 484: Francis, Mary, 514 Franz, Prince, D
Page 485 and 486: Hailsham, Douglas McGarel Hogg, 1st
Page 487 and 488: Imperial Poona Yacht Club, 263 In W
Page 489 and 490: Legh family, 43 Legh, Diana, 64, 74
Page 491 and 492: Meade, Richard, 334 Meet the Press
Page 493 and 494: Nyerere, Julius, 362, 376 Ogilvy, A
Page 495 and 496: Rainier, Prince of Monaco, 458 Ramp
Page 497 and 498: Soames, Christopher, Baron, 217, 40
Page 499 and 500:
Viktoria Luise, Duchess of Brunswic
Page 501 and 502:
York Cottage, Sandringham, 14, 500
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