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and the National Health Service – none of them escaped her reforming zeal and her determination to cut costs, reduce public spending and get value for money for the taxpayer. It was only a matter of time before the same spotlight would be turned on the monarchy again. The free market economy which Mrs Thatcher so cherished ushered in a free-for-all in communications in which she permitted a dominant share to be taken by her favourite press tycoon, the republican Rupert Murdoch. It is ironical that this most ‘loyal’ of the Queen’s Prime Ministers, whose attitude towards the monarchy was the most reverential, should have set in train a revolution in British life which would touch the Queen herself in the next decade.
15 Extended Family ‘A family on the throne is an interesting idea… It brings down the pride of sovereignty to the level of petty life…’ Walter Bagehot, The English Constitution Elizabeth celebrated her son’s twenty-first birthday in November 1969 with a ball for 400 people. Pyramids of out-of-season syringa trees in huge malachite pots perfumed the air as she kicked off her shoes and danced with abandon until the early hours, her joy perhaps tinged with relief that her son had at last reached manhood, releasing her from responsibility for him. Over the next two decades family ties would begin to loosen and then unravel with frightening speed. By the mid-1970s the close-knit image fostered by the Royal Family film would be increasingly an illusion. Anne’s marriage took her out of the family circle, Charles was away for long periods in the Navy, Andrew went to boarding-school first at Heatherdown in 1969 then to Gordonstoun in 1973, and Edward followed in his footsteps to Heatherdown in 1972 and then on to Gordonstoun in 1977. The family were together for the traditional holidays – Christmas at Windsor followed by a spell at Sandringham, Easter at Windsor, August and September at Balmoral – but even when they were in London they were rarely together except on formal occasions, such as the Diplomatic Corps Reception in November. The size and nature of Buckingham Palace influenced the way they lived. Each of them had their own suites and their own servants divided from one another by long corridors or on different floors. It was more like a hotel than a private house and the family tended to live in it that way. Anne was the first of Elizabeth’s children to be married. Her mother had played no part whatsoever in her choice of husband, a pattern that was to be repeated, as was her unquestioning acceptance of her child’s decision whatever her private feelings might have been. Queen Victoria, the sovereign whom she most admired, had interfered ceaselessly, even plotting the marriage of her youngest son, Prince Arthur, while he was still in the cradle and despatching him as soon as he was old enough on a European tour of inspection with a list of recommended potential brides. This, however, was not Elizabeth’s style – she rarely interfered; many of her courtiers would say she did not interfere enough. Moreover, the 1960s were a different world from the 1860s. None of Elizabeth’s children would have accepted an arranged marriage; the class revolution
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PENGUIN BOOKS ELIZABETH Sarah Bradf
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Elizabeth A BIOGRAPHY OF HER MAJEST
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For William
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Foreword to Revised Edition When I
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Descendants of Christian IX of Denm
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Second plate section Coronation Day
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1 Destiny ‘In a way I didn’t ha
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and dissolve Parliaments - in actua
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made pregnant by a footman, Queen V
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Prince Albert Edward (known as ‘B
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age which, allied to the splenetic
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‘before their family was even com
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his father, he showed a sure touch
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miserable time kicking his heels at
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But with her charm and enjoyment of
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see,’ Elizabeth’s mother was he
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2 Princess in an Ivory Tower ‘It
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oyal children. Victoria’s last su
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Queen Mary: I fear it has been a ve
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changed round”… she obviously f
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their lives was now settled: weeken
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At their first meeting Crawfie had
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Elizabeth and her grandmother were
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whose lapses they struggled to conc
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Simpson. The increasing prominence
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pretty little knees’). The King,
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Wallis appeared all over the world,
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also above the law, and there would
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3 Heiress ‘I thought it all very,
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Room’ and the ‘Boudoir’, with
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throne they were taking her educati
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Coronation, From Lilibet By Herself
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changed her style to suit current f
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million in today’s money], the ch
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valley; up on the moors the air is
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Chamberlain pursued his policy of c
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that Edward, Duke of Windsor, is th
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occupants of probably the most inse
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Dartmouth; two of the boys had deve
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everything,’ Lampson reported on
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Cynthia Colville, whose son Jock ha
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sitting-room there on the morning o
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educed so that on certain days of t
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The King and Queen were grooming El
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were often childish games like sard
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wrote. He and Milford Haven ‘went
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worrying… Now we have to fight a
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girls her daughter was associating
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5 A Princely Marriage ‘A princely
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during the war, was about to marry
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with difficulty that he faced the w
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off the Gestapo at last.’ One inc
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great comfort,’ the Queen wrote t
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master, Lord Beaverbrook: The Princ
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eyes,’ Crawfie wrote. Once the en
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gin and tonic with Milford Haven be
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old home is still yours & do come b
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originally been built in 1825-30 fo
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handled on that basis. The Civil Se
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as a wedding present), went to Font
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Charles Edward Stuart, ‘Bonnie Pr
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hyme figures on them. There was a g
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World War had drastically shrunk an
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and Margaret. She had loved them an
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fact, years afterwards when it was
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daughter in the terms that his own
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Gloucester. The King was his keenes
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celebrated as usual at Sandringham
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7 Sovereign Lady ‘I never imagine
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I think that those years after the
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Etched into the public consciousnes
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machinery have their tales to tell
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Express, almost the only newspaperm
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the Duke, was the first day of the
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public had insisted on its rights t
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world that vanished in 1939 lived a
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spurs to Lords Hastings and Chursto
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priest and Nathan the prophet, so b
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8 Dark Princess ‘One of the funct
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her to marry a divorced man, howeve
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more and more time with Margaret. O
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futilely, in their forecasts of the
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was, however, furious when, in the
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occasion of Margaret’s twenty-fou
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discussions with her sister about i
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This was the moral straitjacket int
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who could not bring themselves to b
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and over 600 Kandyan dancers and dr
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showing her a drawing and her sayin
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personality since I last saw him at
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had been told that he might not las
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eplied, ‘Not at all… He could h
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Elizabeth was always well briefed.
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un on the pound had developed. Brit
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tragic turn of fate which laid you
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grandee: ‘What do they want?’ T
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the main focus of his attack was up
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10 Tweed and Diamonds ‘Poor young
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atmosphere in the Private Secretari
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same as they had for her forebears,
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formidable lady. I got on with her
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sphere as Ladies of the Bedchamber
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training establishments. She likes
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to her work - politics and world af
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Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh, dr
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11 Mountbatten - Windsor ‘The Que
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his studio in Brick Street, Mayfair
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when the Island Sailing Club had gi
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took on the headship of various org
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Fleet, Field Marshal and Marshal of
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sword; his grandmother presented hi
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sending him. He went, but had to ru
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under the age of 25 has ever known
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Now therefore I declare my Will and
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to see The Bells Are Ringing. After
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enjoyed an informal style of living
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next decade. The 1960s was the era
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economically would ultimately fade
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Macmillan’s trump card. Elizabeth
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to satisfy the Conference that ‘B
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Elizabeth’s own first experience
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occasion, I’m told.’ Elizabeth
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ehaviour. She knew Cliveden, the se
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played in the Duke of Windsor saga
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summoned to Windsor to see the Quee
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and a pail underneath into which bi
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caught him completely on the wrong
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long time at it…’ The radical T
Page 261 and 262: tenth anniversary of the Coronation
Page 263 and 264: important area of her life - her ch
Page 265 and 266: mercilessly portrayed by cartoonist
Page 267 and 268: Australian terms - from Timbertop.
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Page 277 and 278: it was only after a threat of legal
Page 279 and 280: luncheon with the royal party but l
Page 281 and 282: Unlike his great-uncle, for whom th
Page 283 and 284: 14 Daylight upon Magic ‘You’re
Page 285 and 286: Poet Laureate, C. Day Lewis, neithe
Page 287 and 288: from Buckingham Palace. The Palace
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Page 291 and 292: Stationery and office equipment 46,
Page 293 and 294: The Committee’s recorded proceedi
Page 295 and 296: suggesting a royal commission into
Page 297 and 298: to reassure the Commonwealth. Unlik
Page 299 and 300: One gets a great deal of friendline
Page 301 and 302: 1978, when the representatives of t
Page 303 and 304: experience. Not only was Margaret T
Page 305 and 306: continued. Lord Carrington, Thatche
Page 307 and 308: made concessions, led to the consti
Page 309 and 310: her Government’. Lastly, the Quee
Page 311: and perhaps to avoid the repeated c
Page 315 and 316: ‘Her story was just like a nightm
Page 317 and 318: anecdotes which were invariably sel
Page 319 and 320: marriage. The question of Philip’
Page 321 and 322: and their active royal role, Elizab
Page 323 and 324: hostess Mrs Violet Wyndham. As the
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Page 327 and 328: unspoken put-down - ‘she could ch
Page 329 and 330: eeked of joss sticks and from out o
Page 331 and 332: made from the emerald of the Great
Page 333 and 334: tragedy when Patrick Plunket died,
Page 335 and 336: ceremonial functions as the heir to
Page 337 and 338: friends, the elderly South African
Page 339 and 340: aware of what marriage into the roy
Page 341 and 342: 16 Grim Fairy-Tales ‘It all seeme
Page 343 and 344: Althorp was tall, good-looking and,
Page 345 and 346: had been discussed. In 1978 Jane, t
Page 347 and 348: father, who later, when the marriag
Page 349 and 350: ealized, was not her type of girl.
Page 351 and 352: her courtiers might have had faded
Page 353 and 354: with the Prince at the Brabournes
Page 355 and 356: shaking like leaves and returned ca
Page 357 and 358: Sarah was the Fergusons’ second d
Page 359 and 360: much on his own. His education had
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not an easy man to work for and was
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Prince’s attacks on ministers, wh
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staff included two public school bo
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more impatient with him than they w
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oth Wyatt and Ramzi Sultan, and ind
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epresenting the Queen, and Charles
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News International, owners of the S
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‘Squidgy’, ended with the publi
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father himself had not enjoyed. Fur
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(author’s italics) on their priva
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eing met. The conversation, curious
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the wake of the Waleses’ separati
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the Prince for her co-operation. El
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ambassador. In return Diana made it
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party which Prince Charles was to g
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18 Elizabeth R ‘With the monarchy
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a fundamental condition of royal in
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acknowledge that I hold the said bi
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etween two funds managed by two dif
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and some free nominations for her o
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grandfather; both her grandfather a
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and occupy the purpose-built villag
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are such an inseparable part of Eli
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public desire for a slimmed-down mo
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outside the Palace the newspapers a
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Airways. Relations between Palace a
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the enhanced public profile of the
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‘The long, cool stare’: Elizabe
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‘Uncle David’: Edward as Prince
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Sir Alan ‘Tommy’ Lascelles, Pri
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‘Us four’ at the Royal Lodge, W
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Elizabeth and Philip pose for their
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The new Queen: Elizabeth at London
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‘Blissful’ couple: Margaret and
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February 1957 ‘Bobo’ - Margaret
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Elizabeth seen with her Private Sec
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David George Coke Patrick Ogilvy, 1
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The fairy-tale Princess and her Sol
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Love Story II: The Prince of Wales
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Elizabeth with her racing manager a
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Balmoral Castle, set in the green v
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Elizabeth and Philip with their sen
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‘That’s what it’s all about
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Epilogue ‘Everyone thinks what fu
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American observer put it, ‘You ta
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Acknowledgements By kind permission
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Sources All royal letters and diari
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3: Heiress 1. Norman Hartnell, Silv
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6: The Edinburghs 1. Balliol Colleg
Page 461 and 462:
1. Townsend, op. cit., p. 189 2. Th
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16. cited in Anthony Holden, Charle
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4. Longford, op. cit., p. 276 5. In
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3. Bernard Palmer, High and Mitred
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Falkender, Marcia, Inside Number 10
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Vickers, Hugo, Alice: Princess Andr
Page 473 and 474:
Altrincham, John Grigg, 2nd Baron,
Page 475 and 476:
Blunt, Alfred Walter Frank, Bishop
Page 477 and 478:
Charles I, King, 2, 95 Charles:The
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and outbreak of war, 86, 88; at Win
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dedication, 179-80, 186; and Common
Page 483 and 484:
Francis, Mary, 514 Franz, Prince, D
Page 485 and 486:
Hailsham, Douglas McGarel Hogg, 1st
Page 487 and 488:
Imperial Poona Yacht Club, 263 In W
Page 489 and 490:
Legh family, 43 Legh, Diana, 64, 74
Page 491 and 492:
Meade, Richard, 334 Meet the Press
Page 493 and 494:
Nyerere, Julius, 362, 376 Ogilvy, A
Page 495 and 496:
Rainier, Prince of Monaco, 458 Ramp
Page 497 and 498:
Soames, Christopher, Baron, 217, 40
Page 499 and 500:
Viktoria Luise, Duchess of Brunswic
Page 501 and 502:
York Cottage, Sandringham, 14, 500
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