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Historical Overview WORLD WAR II USE OF THE VANDERBILT MANSION In June 1940, title to Hyde Park passed from Frederick's heir, Mrs. Van Alen Bruguiere, to the National Park Service. Mrs. Gertrude S. Cooper was named the park's first superintendent following an executive order signed by President Franklin Roosevelt, who had been instrumental in the transfer of the estate from Mrs. Van Alen Bruguiere to the federal government. 430 From 1941 to 1943, President Roosevelt's Secret Service was housed in the basement and third-floor service areas, and some of the President's personal White House staff and friends occasionally stayed in the main bedrooms of the house, including those of Mr. and Mrs. Vanderbilt. The core Secret Service detail numbered approximately sixteen to twenty-four men, and when additional security was required for the President and visiting dignitaries, the number of agents housed in the Vanderbilt Mansion was as high as thirty-five. 431 The agents used the beds that remained in the service bedrooms and additional army cots and bunks were added to the rooms. Agents were given a per diem allowance for food and laundry and ate most meals in the Village of Hyde Park or in Poughkeepsie. They made no use of the mansion kitchen areas and used only the basement service entrance to enter the building. 432 Superintendent Cooper became concerned about female visitors in the summer of 1942 and wrote the White House, "I should like to bring to your attention a policy which I intend to enforce rigidly. . . . No women visitors will be allowed in the Mansion after official visiting hours. . . ." Mrs. Cooper eventually took over the agents' housekeeping duties and laundry as well. 433 The President's chief telephone operator from the White House, Mrs. Louise Hachmeister, occupied Mrs. Vanderbilt's room at least during part of this period, and William D. Hasset, a reporter and friend of the President, stayed in Mr. Vanderbilt's room. 434 Superintendent Cooper maintained records of the agents boarded in the mansion and submitted bills to the Secret Service for $1.20 per man per night for use of the rooms. 435 In May of 1943, Roosevelt ordered a forty-percent reduction in the Secret Service's gas and tire consumption, due to wartime rationing, and the agents and secretarial staff moved to the Nelson House in Poughkeepsie. 436 430 Correspondence and memoranda in the collection of the F.D.R. Memorial Library document the title transfer. President's Secretary's File, Box 169, Folder "Vanderbilt Estate," President's Official File, Box 4050, Folder "Cooper, Mrs. Gertrude S." 431 "Secret Service" Memorandum, VAMA General File, ROVA Curatorial Division. 432 "Secret Service" Memorandum, VAMA General File, ROVA Curatorial Division. 433 "Operations 1942-1944, Mrs. Cooper" Memorandum, VAMA General File, ROVA Curatorial Division. 434 "The Secret Service at VAMA" Memorandum, VAMA General File, ROVA Curatorial Division. Cites secondary sources. 435 "Secret Service, May 21, 1942-April 3, 1943," Memorandum, VAMA General File, "Operations 1942- 1944, Mrs. Cooper" Memorandum, VAMA General File, ROVA Curatorial Division. 436 "The Secret Service at VAMA" Memorandum, VAMA General File, ROVA Curatorial Division. Cites secondary sources. 84
Historical Overview Shortly thereafter, the United States Military Police arranged to use the "entire third floor of the Mansion building" from May 1943 for the duration of World War II. $2,500 was budgeted "for necessary additional plumbing and heating installations" which were apparently carried out. 437 Beginning in late 1943, Superintendent Cooper established a canteen for enlisted men of the 240 th Military Police Battalion in the Pavilion, which the NPS had renamed "Vanderbilt Inn." Soldiers were invited to visit the mansion in groups of fifty or fewer and have coffee and cake at the Inn. Local girls were enlisted to "dance or chat and play games with the boys." The canteen was open six nights a week until the end of the war. 438 437 "World War II Use of Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site," Memorandum, VAMA General File, ROVA Curatorial Division. 438 "World War II Use of Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site," Memorandum, VAMA General File, ROVA Curatorial Division. 85
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National Park Service U.S. Departme
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Vanderbilt Mansion, 1898. Wurts Bro
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Cover illustration: Vanderbilt Mans
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Gardens and Greenhouses............
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Transportation, Power, and Mechanic
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Illustrations begin on p. 273. LIST
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LIST OF DIAGRAMS 1. The Management
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PREFACE When the Vanderbilt Mansion
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properties in their assessments. Wh
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Historic Reso
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gardens. The site represents the ru
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many new plantings. The farm side o
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The Gilded Age and Country Places A
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The Gilded Age and Country Places c
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The Gilded Age and Country Places a
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The Gilded Age and Country Places S
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The Gilded Age and Country Places s
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The Gilded Age and Country Places J
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The Gilded Age and Country Places T
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The Gilded Age and Country Places u
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The Gilded Age and Country Places G
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The Gilded Age and Country Places i
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The Gilded Age and Country Places s
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The Gilded Age and Country Places T
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The Gilded Age and Country Places t
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The Gilded Age and Country Places d
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The Gilded Age and Country Places r
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The Gilded Age and Country Places r
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Page 73 and 74: CHAPTER TWO HISTORICAL OVERVIEW EVO
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Resource History and Description of
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THIRD FLOOR Resource History and De
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Pink Bedroom Resource History and D
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Empire Bedroom Resource History and
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Dumbwaiter Resource History and Des
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Service Laundry Resource History an
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FIRST FLOOR BUTLERS' PANTRY Resourc
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HEATING AND VENTILATION Resource Hi
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CHAPTER FOUR ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL
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Analysis of Historical Significance
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Date/Style 1879, adds. thru 1890s/
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WATER SYSTEM Analysis of Historical
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CHAPTER FIVE ANALYSIS OF HISTORIC S
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Analysis of Historic Significance a
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Analysis of Historic Significance a
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ILLUSTRATIONS
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276 Figure 2. Vanderbilt Mansion, S
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278 Figure 4. Vanderbilt Mansion, W
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280 Figure 6. Vanderbilt Mansion, B
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282 Figure 8. Vanderbilt Mansion, S
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284 Figure 10. Vanderbilt Mansion,
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286 Figure 12. Vanderbilt Mansion,
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Figure 14. Vanderbilt Mansion, 1898
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290 Figure 16. The Vanderbilt Mansi
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292 Figure 18. The Vanderbilt Mansi
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Figure 20. Stone Crusher. The stone
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APPENDICES
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p.57 Nov. 7, 1896 Volume 6 On House
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p.231 August 12, 1897 On House at H
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p.388 July 13, 1898 On House, Lodge
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Herter Brothers Dining Room 3,000.0
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308
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him explicit instructions on what h
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them as sub-contractors. 1451 Among
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From the mid 1880s to the mid 1890s
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316
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South Foyer Rug 6.5' x 16.2' Living
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Mrs. Vanderbilt's Boudoir Pair of M
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Third Floor Stairway 2 desk lamps a
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APPENDIX 4 CHRONOLOGY OF LANDSCAPE
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APPENDIX 5 JAMES L. GREENLEAF BIOGR
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APPENDIX 6 THE HYDE PARK LANDSCAPE
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Vitale and Geiffert, Ferruccio Vita
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158 cu. yds. 3/4" stone June 25, 18
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November 8, 1899 Wm. A. Caire: pipe
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may be significant in their own rig
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Comments Character-defining Feature
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Comments Character-Defining Feature
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Character-Defining Features of Indi
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feed grown on the adjacent estate f
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Circulation Bard Rock Road Road has
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Lower Gate House Designed by the fi
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dry-laid stone retaining walls. Wal
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half-circle in plan, rubble filled
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Landscape Characteristics of the Hy
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GLOSSARY OF ARCHITECTURAL TERMS Thi
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"Châteauesque buildings, always of
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not only in the 1860s, but also the
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argeboards, hood molding over windo
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Louis XVI Style - The nineteenth ce
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their ridges meeting at right angle
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"Rustic Work - Decoration by means
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"That of the reign of Queen Victori
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BUSINESS LIFE OF FREDERICK VANDERBI
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EDWARD WALES Ruth Wales (daughter)
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HYDE PARK HISTORICAL SOCIETY The co
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VASSAR COLLEGE LIBRARY, SPECIAL COL
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Andrews, Wayne. The Vanderbilt Lege
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Granger, Alfred Hoyt. Charles Folle
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O'Brien, Raymond. J. American Subli
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ARTICLES AND PAMPHLETS "American Pl
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Metcalf, Pauline. "The Interiors of
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REPORTS Albee, Peggy A. Home of Fra
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_____. Historic Structure and Groun
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_____. Untitled journal. 1904. Tran
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