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may be significant in their own right as a work of art, as the product of an important interior designer, or as the work of an important artist as in frescoed walls or painted ceilings. Circulation and Spatial Arrangements The floorplan, size, proportion, and layout of rooms and hallways, including the circulation and transition from one interior to another define this element. Axiality, vistas, rooms en filade, rooms en suite, the relationship of rooms to the landscape, and the relationship of public rooms to private and service rooms are factors to be considered. Both the functional and visual relationships between the spaces are integral to the historic character. Furnishings and Interior Design Elements (E.g., Room Arrangement, Color, Texture) All the individual objects within a historic furnished interior, and the interrelationships between them, create an ensemble that defines the historic character of the space. An understanding of the style, form, materials and craftsmanship of individual objects, combined with a contextual understanding of similar furnished interiors, provides the basis for defining the character of the assemblage as a whole. The specific use of the interior space defines the nature of the furnishings, as in a bedroom needs a bed. The character of furnishings is derived from style, design, construction, color, materials, upholstery, scale, and proportion in relation to the size and definition of each interior space. Furnishings may be designed for a specific interior, selected as individual pieces or suites, purchased or handed down over generations, massproduced, or adapted for reuse. The furnishings are the dynamic component of the interior's character. The treatment of historic interiors must also recognize the continual changes in furnishings: they are altered, rearranged, redesigned, and functionally redefined. Furnishings may be significant in their own right as a works of art - the product of a master or traditional craftsperson, or a well-known artist. The floorplan and layout within a room or hallway, including circulation, the placement and relationship of elements within the room, and the relationship of furnishings to architectural features define room arrangement. Both the functional and visual grouping of elements is integral to the historic character. How the architectural elements dictate furnishing arrangement and how the furnishings dictate the architecture should be considered. Mechanical Systems The existence and practical use of heating and air conditioning, lighting and plumbing systems, elevators, and communication devices influences certain structural and decorative decisions. The visible features of historic mechanical systems such as grilles, radiators, lighting fixtures, and switch plates contribute to the overall historic character of the furnished interior. These mechanical systems may still be operational and special attention must be given to their physical condition, efficiency, and safety. Consideration may also be required due to seasonal changes. 338
Key to Chart Symbols: (M) Design, and/or materials modified, use M1 and M2 if there are subsequent changes in 1906 and 1940 (R) Element relocated (L) Lost Character-defining Features of the Exterior Architecture 1899-1940 1940-Present Comments Ownership by Vanderbilts and Current Conditions Heirs ARCHITECTURAL MATERIALS, FEATURES, AND FINISHES Choice of limestone as building material and its overall X X monochromatic appearance Fenestration, in the placement of window openings directly above one another and the X X regular pattern of voids they create Window shutters, that when X R In storage open, folded back against the side jambs Recessed building planes from X X the main block Projecting two-story-high porticos and steps, rectangular at the east, north, and south X X elevations and semicircular at the west elevation Coffered ceiling of porticos X X May have been subtly polychromed 339
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National Park Service U.S. Departme
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Vanderbilt Mansion, 1898. Wurts Bro
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Cover illustration: Vanderbilt Mans
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Gardens and Greenhouses............
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Transportation, Power, and Mechanic
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Illustrations begin on p. 273. LIST
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LIST OF DIAGRAMS 1. The Management
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PREFACE When the Vanderbilt Mansion
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properties in their assessments. Wh
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Historic Reso
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gardens. The site represents the ru
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many new plantings. The farm side o
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The Gilded Age and Country Places A
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The Gilded Age and Country Places c
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The Gilded Age and Country Places a
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The Gilded Age and Country Places S
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The Gilded Age and Country Places s
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The Gilded Age and Country Places T
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The Gilded Age and Country Places u
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The Gilded Age and Country Places G
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The Gilded Age and Country Places i
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The Gilded Age and Country Places s
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The Gilded Age and Country Places t
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The Gilded Age and Country Places d
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The Gilded Age and Country Places r
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The Gilded Age and Country Places r
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The Gilded Age and Country Places N
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The Gilded Age and Country Places a
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The Gilded Age and Country Places P
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The Gilded Age and Country Places t
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CHAPTER TWO HISTORICAL OVERVIEW EVO
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Historical Overview ownership, whil
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Historical Overview horses. . . ."
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Historical Overview Frederick's kno
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Historical Overview According to Cl
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Historical Overview their expense.
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Historical Overview From 1885 to 19
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Historical Overview and entertainme
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Historical Overview death, the Vede
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Historical Overview office handling
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Historical Overview MANAGING THE ES
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Historical Overview Mr. Burnett suc
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Historical Overview the boarders as
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Poultry house Historical Overview T
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Historical Overview After cutting t
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Valet and 2nd Man 3 rd Man Secretar
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Historical Overview The butler and
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Kitchen Maid Historical Overview In
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Valet Historical Overview The secon
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Historical Overview each employee."
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Historical Overview his boathouse t
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Historical Overview Shortly thereaf
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Resource History and Description of
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THIRD FLOOR Resource History and De
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Pink Bedroom Resource History and D
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Empire Bedroom Resource History and
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Dumbwaiter Resource History and Des
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Service Laundry Resource History an
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FIRST FLOOR BUTLERS' PANTRY Resourc
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HEATING AND VENTILATION Resource Hi
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CHAPTER FOUR ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL
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Analysis of Historical Significance
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Date/Style 1879, adds. thru 1890s/
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WATER SYSTEM Analysis of Historical
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CHAPTER FIVE ANALYSIS OF HISTORIC S
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Analysis of Historic Significance a
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Analysis of Historic Significance a
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ILLUSTRATIONS
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276 Figure 2. Vanderbilt Mansion, S
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278 Figure 4. Vanderbilt Mansion, W
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280 Figure 6. Vanderbilt Mansion, B
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282 Figure 8. Vanderbilt Mansion, S
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284 Figure 10. Vanderbilt Mansion,
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286 Figure 12. Vanderbilt Mansion,
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Page 330 and 331: p.57 Nov. 7, 1896 Volume 6 On House
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Page 355 and 356: APPENDIX 4 CHRONOLOGY OF LANDSCAPE
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Page 366 and 367: November 8, 1899 Wm. A. Caire: pipe
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Character-Defining Features of Indi
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Comments Character-Defining Feature
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feed grown on the adjacent estate f
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Circulation Bard Rock Road Road has
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Lower Gate House Designed by the fi
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dry-laid stone retaining walls. Wal
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half-circle in plan, rubble filled
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Landscape Characteristics of the Hy
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GLOSSARY OF ARCHITECTURAL TERMS Thi
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"Châteauesque buildings, always of
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not only in the 1860s, but also the
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argeboards, hood molding over windo
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Louis XVI Style - The nineteenth ce
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their ridges meeting at right angle
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"Rustic Work - Decoration by means
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"That of the reign of Queen Victori
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BUSINESS LIFE OF FREDERICK VANDERBI
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EDWARD WALES Ruth Wales (daughter)
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HYDE PARK HISTORICAL SOCIETY The co
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VASSAR COLLEGE LIBRARY, SPECIAL COL
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Andrews, Wayne. The Vanderbilt Lege
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Granger, Alfred Hoyt. Charles Folle
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O'Brien, Raymond. J. American Subli
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ARTICLES AND PAMPHLETS "American Pl
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Metcalf, Pauline. "The Interiors of
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REPORTS Albee, Peggy A. Home of Fra
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_____. Historic Structure and Groun
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_____. Untitled journal. 1904. Tran
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