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Circulation Bard Rock Road Road has origins 230 years ago during Bard ownership when a track lead down to a boat landing on the Hudson. The track was developed into the present road by 1800. The road is an asphalt-paved, narrow roadway, 3/4 of a mile long, from Bard Rock uphill to Route 9. Cobblestone swales installed at the turn of the century by Hosack have since been paved over, but some stones show through the worn asphalt. Coach House Road, Constructed in 1897 Narrow asphalt surface roadway. Enters estate at Dock Street travels up an incline, crossing Crum Elbow Creek, at the Cobblestone (Rustic) Bridge. Exit Road to Dock Street Lower Gate Road has maintained same general alignment since Parmentier's circulation plan was executed during Hosack ownership. Originally lead to Hyde Park Landing, changed under Vanderbilt ownership. Italian Garden Paths Designed by James L. Greenleaf, constructed in 1903. Main Entrance Road Main drive laid out under Parmentier with Vanderbilt modifications including "Great Circle." Wide, asphalt-covered, roadway. Enters estate main gatehouse, crosses Crum Elbow Creek at White Bridge, switchback to Great Circle, north from mansion along ridge to North Gate. Service Road along Hudson River Added by the Vanderbilts after the Sexton Tract was reassembled by Vanderbilt with the former Langdon Tract. This woodland road was one of the last road elements added to the estate. Road is narrow, gravel-surfaced, former vehicular road. Connects the exit road to Route 12 with Bard Rock Road. Portions of its 1.1 mile length are overgrown with vegetation. Is served by at least six drainage culverts of various sizes and materials. Trail System Elements of estate trail system have served foot traffic for nearly 250 years. Over time, as landscape was refined, other trails added connecting sites and features. Trails reflect continuity of landscape management. Dirt paths with worn gravel surfaces. Slopes: Moderate to steep. Paths connect point to point: White Bridge to Great Circle, Italian Garden to mansion, Loggia to Landing Road, etc. Power House trail along Crum Elbow laid with fieldstone. 402
Railroad Right-of-Way Former New York Central Rail Road. Currently Conrail. Railroad constructed circa 1850s. SMALL-SCALE FEATURES Garden Ornament Fragments Ornament in the gardens probably date to the first work undertaken in the Langdon Era, but current fragments are remnants of the garden development efforts of Frederick W. Vanderbilt. There are scores of garden ornament remnants. Included in the collection of ornaments are bases of cast stone finials, Roman wells carved from marble, and some cast stone benches beneath the large pergolas as in the rose garden. BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES Coach House Designed by Robert Henderson Robertson and constructed in 1897 during Vanderbilt tenure, this building is an elaborate example of Queen Anne style architecture. Building is an elaborate, two-story Queen Anne, multiple gable building. North wing is Roman brick walls while remainder is halftimbered and stucco. Other features include brownstone watertables, wood gargoyle bracket ends, brick quoins, red tile roof, brick window surrounds, steel trusses, and framing. Gardener's Cottage Designed by John Sturgis and Charles Brigham and constructed in 1875 under the Langdon tenure, this was one of two buildings on the property retained by the Vanderbilts. Building was part of an ambitious building program which fixed the present relationship between the mansion site and the formal gardens. It is an asymmetrical Italianate two-story, brick building with a slate, cross gable roof. Other features include round-headed windows, bracketing, ornamental eaves and decorative window, bluestone rubble masonry foundation, white painted shutters and board and batten siding at gable ends. Loggia Designed most likely by Robert Cridland while employed by Thos. Meehan and Sons. Constructed in 1910. This small building represents the final element of the building program serving the formal garden complex. The loggia terminates the axial path of the rose garden, a romantic expression of Italian architecture intended to complement the theme of a pre-existing garden. Consists of an Italian pavilion inspired loggia. It is one-story with a tile hip roof. On the west and east faces are three-arch openings with round columns. On the north and south elevations are single arch openings with low iron railings across the openings. 403
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National Park Service U.S. Departme
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Vanderbilt Mansion, 1898. Wurts Bro
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Cover illustration: Vanderbilt Mans
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Gardens and Greenhouses............
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Transportation, Power, and Mechanic
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Illustrations begin on p. 273. LIST
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LIST OF DIAGRAMS 1. The Management
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PREFACE When the Vanderbilt Mansion
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properties in their assessments. Wh
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Historic Reso
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gardens. The site represents the ru
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many new plantings. The farm side o
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The Gilded Age and Country Places A
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The Gilded Age and Country Places c
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The Gilded Age and Country Places a
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The Gilded Age and Country Places S
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The Gilded Age and Country Places s
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The Gilded Age and Country Places T
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The Gilded Age and Country Places u
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CHAPTER TWO HISTORICAL OVERVIEW EVO
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Historical Overview ownership, whil
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Historical Overview horses. . . ."
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Historical Overview Frederick's kno
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Historical Overview According to Cl
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Historical Overview their expense.
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Historical Overview From 1885 to 19
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Historical Overview and entertainme
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Historical Overview death, the Vede
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Historical Overview office handling
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Historical Overview MANAGING THE ES
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Historical Overview Mr. Burnett suc
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Historical Overview the boarders as
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Poultry house Historical Overview T
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Historical Overview After cutting t
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Valet and 2nd Man 3 rd Man Secretar
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Historical Overview The butler and
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Kitchen Maid Historical Overview In
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Valet Historical Overview The secon
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Historical Overview each employee."
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Historical Overview his boathouse t
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Historical Overview Shortly thereaf
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Resource History and Description of
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THIRD FLOOR Resource History and De
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Pink Bedroom Resource History and D
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Empire Bedroom Resource History and
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Dumbwaiter Resource History and Des
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Service Laundry Resource History an
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FIRST FLOOR BUTLERS' PANTRY Resourc
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HEATING AND VENTILATION Resource Hi
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CHAPTER FOUR ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL
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Analysis of Historical Significance
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Date/Style 1879, adds. thru 1890s/
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WATER SYSTEM Analysis of Historical
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CHAPTER FIVE ANALYSIS OF HISTORIC S
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Analysis of Historic Significance a
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Analysis of Historic Significance a
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ILLUSTRATIONS
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276 Figure 2. Vanderbilt Mansion, S
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278 Figure 4. Vanderbilt Mansion, W
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280 Figure 6. Vanderbilt Mansion, B
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282 Figure 8. Vanderbilt Mansion, S
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284 Figure 10. Vanderbilt Mansion,
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286 Figure 12. Vanderbilt Mansion,
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Figure 14. Vanderbilt Mansion, 1898
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290 Figure 16. The Vanderbilt Mansi
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292 Figure 18. The Vanderbilt Mansi
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Figure 20. Stone Crusher. The stone
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APPENDICES
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p.57 Nov. 7, 1896 Volume 6 On House
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p.231 August 12, 1897 On House at H
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p.388 July 13, 1898 On House, Lodge
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Herter Brothers Dining Room 3,000.0
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him explicit instructions on what h
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them as sub-contractors. 1451 Among
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From the mid 1880s to the mid 1890s
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South Foyer Rug 6.5' x 16.2' Living
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Mrs. Vanderbilt's Boudoir Pair of M
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Third Floor Stairway 2 desk lamps a
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APPENDIX 4 CHRONOLOGY OF LANDSCAPE
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APPENDIX 5 JAMES L. GREENLEAF BIOGR
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APPENDIX 6 THE HYDE PARK LANDSCAPE
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Vitale and Geiffert, Ferruccio Vita
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158 cu. yds. 3/4" stone June 25, 18
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November 8, 1899 Wm. A. Caire: pipe
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may be significant in their own rig
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Comments Character-defining Feature
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Comments Character-Defining Feature
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Character-Defining Features of Indi
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Comments Character-Defining Feature
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REPORTS Albee, Peggy A. Home of Fra
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_____. Historic Structure and Groun
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_____. Untitled journal. 1904. Tran
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