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Cover illustration: Vanderbilt Mansion, 1898. Wurts Brothers Photographers, Vanderbilt Mansion Photograph Collection, Roosevelt-Vanderbilt National Historic Site Archives, Hyde Park, NY (VAMA 208). This report was completed in 2000, but not edited and formatted for printing until 2008.
TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations .......................................................................................................................................... ix List of Diagrams and Tables.......................................................................................................................... xi Foreword ......................................................................................................................................................... xiii Preface............................................................................................................................................................... xv Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................................... xix Executive Summary....................................................................................................................................... xxi Architecture of the Mansion................................................................................................................... xxi Furnished Interiors .................................................................................................................................. xxi Service Areas ............................................................................................................................................. xxi Mechanical Systems ................................................................................................................................ xxii Landscape Architecture.......................................................................................................................... xxii Significance of the Estate........................................................................................................................ xxii Introduction................................................................................................................................................... xxv Chapter One: The Gilded Age and Country Places ...................................................................................1 Historiographic Essay by Molly Berger.....................................................................................................1 Material Culture Historiography by Nina Gray.................................................................................... 11 Gilded-age Estates by Style and Type: The House Forms of Gilded-Age Residences by Nina Gray and Pamela Herrick ................................................................................... 18 The Vanderbilts' Hyde Park.......................................................................................................... 22 Architects and Decorators............................................................................................................. 26 The Vanderbilt Family as Clients and Patrons by Nina Gray.............................................................. 27 Townhouses .................................................................................................................................... 28 Seaside Cottages.............................................................................................................................. 31 Vacation Houses ............................................................................................................................. 33 Country Places ................................................................................................................................ 34 Management of Gilded-Age Estates by Pamela Herrick...................................................................... 38 Chapter Two: Historical Overview by Pamela Herrick......................................................................... 43 Evolution of the Estate, 1764-Present..................................................................................................... 43 Description of Historical Occupancy 1895-Present ............................................................................. 45 Frederick W. Vanderbilt (1856-1938) ............................................................................................. 45 Louis Holmes Anthony Torrance Vanderbilt (1844-1926) .......................................................... 50 The Vanderbilts' Seasonal Residency at Hyde Park...................................................................... 54 Entertaining at Hyde Park................................................................................................................. 59 Managing the Estate Departments of Hyde Park........................................................................... 63 The Estate Superintendent ........................................................................................................ 63 The Farm ............................................................................................................................... 65 Dairy Barn ...................................................................................................................... 66 Horse Barn ..................................................................................................................... 67 Farm Gang ..................................................................................................................... 68 Poultry House................................................................................................................ 69 Vegetable Garden and Orchard .................................................................................. 69 Park ........................................................................................................................................ 69 iii
Page 1 and 2: National Park Service U.S. Departme
Page 3: Vanderbilt Mansion, 1898. Wurts Bro
Page 8 and 9: Gardens and Greenhouses............
Page 10 and 11: Transportation, Power, and Mechanic
Page 13 and 14: Illustrations begin on p. 273. LIST
Page 15: LIST OF DIAGRAMS 1. The Management
Page 19 and 20: PREFACE When the Vanderbilt Mansion
Page 21: properties in their assessments. Wh
Page 25 and 26: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Historic Reso
Page 27: gardens. The site represents the ru
Page 30 and 31: many new plantings. The farm side o
Page 32 and 33: The Gilded Age and Country Places A
Page 34 and 35: The Gilded Age and Country Places c
Page 36 and 37: The Gilded Age and Country Places a
Page 38 and 39: The Gilded Age and Country Places S
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Page 44 and 45: The Gilded Age and Country Places T
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Page 48 and 49: The Gilded Age and Country Places G
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The Gilded Age and Country Places t
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The Gilded Age and Country Places d
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The Gilded Age and Country Places r
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The Gilded Age and Country Places r
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The Gilded Age and Country Places N
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The Gilded Age and Country Places a
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The Gilded Age and Country Places P
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The Gilded Age and Country Places t
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CHAPTER TWO HISTORICAL OVERVIEW EVO
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Historical Overview ownership, whil
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Historical Overview horses. . . ."
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Historical Overview Frederick's kno
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Historical Overview According to Cl
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Historical Overview their expense.
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Historical Overview From 1885 to 19
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Historical Overview and entertainme
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Historical Overview death, the Vede
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Historical Overview office handling
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Historical Overview MANAGING THE ES
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Historical Overview Mr. Burnett suc
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Historical Overview the boarders as
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Poultry house Historical Overview T
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Historical Overview After cutting t
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Valet and 2nd Man 3 rd Man Secretar
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Historical Overview The butler and
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Kitchen Maid Historical Overview In
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Valet Historical Overview The secon
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Historical Overview each employee."
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Historical Overview his boathouse t
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Historical Overview Shortly thereaf
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Resource History and Description of
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THIRD FLOOR Resource History and De
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Pink Bedroom Resource History and D
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Empire Bedroom Resource History and
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Dumbwaiter Resource History and Des
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Service Laundry Resource History an
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FIRST FLOOR BUTLERS' PANTRY Resourc
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HEATING AND VENTILATION Resource Hi
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CHAPTER FOUR ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL
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Analysis of Historical Significance
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Date/Style 1879, adds. thru 1890s/
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WATER SYSTEM Analysis of Historical
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CHAPTER FIVE ANALYSIS OF HISTORIC S
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Analysis of Historic Significance a
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Analysis of Historic Significance a
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ILLUSTRATIONS
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276 Figure 2. Vanderbilt Mansion, S
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278 Figure 4. Vanderbilt Mansion, W
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280 Figure 6. Vanderbilt Mansion, B
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282 Figure 8. Vanderbilt Mansion, S
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284 Figure 10. Vanderbilt Mansion,
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286 Figure 12. Vanderbilt Mansion,
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Figure 14. Vanderbilt Mansion, 1898
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290 Figure 16. The Vanderbilt Mansi
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292 Figure 18. The Vanderbilt Mansi
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Figure 20. Stone Crusher. The stone
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APPENDICES
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p.57 Nov. 7, 1896 Volume 6 On House
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p.231 August 12, 1897 On House at H
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p.388 July 13, 1898 On House, Lodge
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Herter Brothers Dining Room 3,000.0
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308
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him explicit instructions on what h
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them as sub-contractors. 1451 Among
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From the mid 1880s to the mid 1890s
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316
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South Foyer Rug 6.5' x 16.2' Living
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Mrs. Vanderbilt's Boudoir Pair of M
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Third Floor Stairway 2 desk lamps a
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APPENDIX 4 CHRONOLOGY OF LANDSCAPE
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APPENDIX 5 JAMES L. GREENLEAF BIOGR
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APPENDIX 6 THE HYDE PARK LANDSCAPE
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Vitale and Geiffert, Ferruccio Vita
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158 cu. yds. 3/4" stone June 25, 18
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November 8, 1899 Wm. A. Caire: pipe
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may be significant in their own rig
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Comments Character-defining Feature
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Comments Character-Defining Feature
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Character-Defining Features of Indi
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feed grown on the adjacent estate f
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Circulation Bard Rock Road Road has
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Lower Gate House Designed by the fi
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dry-laid stone retaining walls. Wal
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half-circle in plan, rubble filled
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Landscape Characteristics of the Hy
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GLOSSARY OF ARCHITECTURAL TERMS Thi
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"Châteauesque buildings, always of
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not only in the 1860s, but also the
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argeboards, hood molding over windo
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Louis XVI Style - The nineteenth ce
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their ridges meeting at right angle
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"Rustic Work - Decoration by means
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"That of the reign of Queen Victori
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BUSINESS LIFE OF FREDERICK VANDERBI
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EDWARD WALES Ruth Wales (daughter)
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HYDE PARK HISTORICAL SOCIETY The co
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VASSAR COLLEGE LIBRARY, SPECIAL COL
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Andrews, Wayne. The Vanderbilt Lege
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Granger, Alfred Hoyt. Charles Folle
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O'Brien, Raymond. J. American Subli
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ARTICLES AND PAMPHLETS "American Pl
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Metcalf, Pauline. "The Interiors of
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REPORTS Albee, Peggy A. Home of Fra
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_____. Historic Structure and Groun
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_____. Untitled journal. 1904. Tran
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