NETTER - Neuroscience Flash Cards

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Sleep-Wakefulness ControlThalamus10Reticular formation1Fromretina234Sensory inputLocuscoeruleus789To pineal(melatonin)56Areas associated witharousalAreas associated with theinduction of sleepSensoryinputSpinal cordSympathetic chain gangliaRegional Neuroscience 2-78
Sleep-Wakefulness Control1. Nucleus basalis (cholinergic)2. Preoptic hypothalamic area3. Interleukins, other blood-borne substances4. Suprachiasmatic nucleus5. Raphe nuclei6. Nucleus solitarius7. Area postrema8. Reticular formation9. Locus coeruleus10. ThalamusComment: Sleep is a normal physiological state involving a cyclictemporary loss of consciousness, readily reversed by sensorystimuli. Sleep is an active process initiated by brain activity in severalregions, including the locus coeruleus, the raphe nuclei of themedulla and pons, nucleus solitarius, cholinergic neurons of the brainstem tegmentum, the lateral reticular formation (particularly the pons),several regions of the hypothalamus, and the reticular nucleus of thethalamus. Many of these regions actively inhibit the lateral sensoryportion of the reticular formation that normally maintains wakefulnessand consciousness. Circulating substances such as interleukin-1 canact on sites in the hypothalamus to induce sleepiness (a componentof illness behavior). Slow wave sleep that does not involve rapideye movement (REM) is initiated by hypothalamic neurons and isaccompanied by decreased activity in the locus coeruleus and thecholinergic tegmental neurons. During REM sleep, activity in thenoradrenergic locus coeruleus and the serotonergic raphe neuronsgreatly diminishes, preventing the cerebral cortex from attendingto external stimuli. Dreams probably occur because the cortex isattending to internal stimuli provided by stored memories.Regional Neuroscience See book 11.33
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Netter’sNeuroscienceFlash CardsSe
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PrefaceNetter’s Neuroscience Flas
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Table of ContentsSection 1 : Overvi
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1 Overview of the Nervous SystemPla
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Overview of the Nervous SystemPlate
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Neuronal Structure12345 67891011Ove
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Neuronal Cell Types12111210Red:Moto
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Glial Cell Types10918265374Overview
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Blood-Brain Barrier162543Overview o
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Myelination of CNS and PNS AxonsCen
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Synaptic MorphologyA. Schematic of
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Overview of the Nervous System 1-7C
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Foramina in the Base ofthe Adult Sk
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Bony Framework of the Headand Neck7
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Schematic of the Meninges and Their
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Hematomas4321765Overview of the Ner
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Surface Anatomy of the Forebrain:La
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Lateral View of the Forebrain:Funct
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Anatomy of the Medial (Midsagittal)
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Anatomy of the Basal Surface ofthe
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A. Coronal viewBrain Imaging: Compu
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Brain Imaging: Magnetic ResonanceIm
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Brain Imaging: Magnetic ResonanceIm
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Horizontal Brain Sections Showingth
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Major Limbic Forebrain Structures76
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Color Imaging of the Corpus Callosu
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Hippocampal Formation and FornixA.
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Thalamic Anatomy11321211104356789Ov
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Thalamic Nuclei12354876910111514121
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Brain Stem Surface Anatomy:Posterol
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Brain Stem Surface Anatomy:Anterior
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Cerebellar Anatomy: Internal Featur
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Spinal Column: Bony Anatomy12345678
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Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy In Situ1
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Spinal Cord: Its Meninges andSpinal
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Spinal Cord: Cross-SectionalAnatomy
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Spinal Cord: White and Gray Matter1
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Ventricular Anatomy1112345671098Ove
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Ventricular Anatomy in CoronalForeb
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Anatomy of the Fourth Ventricle:Lat
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A. Axial viewMagnetic Resonance Ima
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Circulation of the Cerebrospinal Fl
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Arterial Supply to the Brainand Men
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Arterial Distribution to the Brain:
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Circle of Willis: Schematic Illustr
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Magnetic Resonance Angiography:Coro
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Vertebrobasilar Arterial System1234
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Arterial Blood Supply to the Spinal
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Arterial Supply to the Spinal Cord:
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Meninges and SuperficialCerebral Ve
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Venous Sinuses123458109675118241096
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Deep Venous Drainage of the Brain:R
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Magnetic Resonance Venography123451
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Neurulation1Level of section4523432
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Neural Tube Development andNeural C
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Development of Peripheral Axons2134
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Early Brain Development:36-Day-Old
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Early Brain Development: 49-Day-Old
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Development of the Eye and Orbit1 2
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Development of the Ear326574112aLat
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Development of the Pituitary Gland1
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Development of the Ventricles134312
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2Regional NeurosciencePlates 2-1 to
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Regional NeurosciencePlates 2-1 to
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2-82 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gla
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Spinal Cord and PNS SchematicSensor
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Anatomy of a Peripheral Nerve1Compr
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Cutaneous Receptors1 2 3 4567Region
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Neuromuscular Junction6714512321110
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Dermatomal Distribution124 365789Re
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Cutaneous Nerves ofthe Head and Nec
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Cervical Plexus12345111067981211108
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Phrenic Nerve18756423Regional Neuro
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Thoracic Nerves123 4561079 8Regiona
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Brachial PlexusC56SuperiorC6C7435La
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Dermatomes of the Upper Limb7Anteri
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Cutaneous Innervation of the UpperL
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Scapular, Axillary, and RadialNerve
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Radial Nerve in the Forearm12345789
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Musculocutaneous Nerve1116987102354
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Median Nerve12 6734Cutaneousinnerva
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Ulnar Nerve12Cutaneousinnervation34
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Lumbar Plexus1345267891011213456813
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Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses978106
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Femoral and Lateral FemoralCutaneou
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Obturator Nerve12345136789101112Reg
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Sciatic and Posterior FemoralCutane
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Tibial Nerve127Cutaneousinnervation
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Common Peroneal Nerve101Cutaneousin
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Schematic of the AutonomicNervous S
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Autonomic Distribution to the Heada
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Autonomic Distribution to the Heada
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Autonomic Distribution to the Eye14
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Schematic of Pterygopalatine andSub
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Thoracic Sympathetic Chain andSplan
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Innervation ofthe Tracheobronchial
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Innervation of the Heart2 139410115
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Abdominal Nerves and Ganglia1243567
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Nerves of the EsophagusAnterior vie
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Nerves of the Stomach and Duodenum1
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Nerves of the Small Intestine123456
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Nerves of the Large Intestine123154
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Enteric Nervous SystemVagus nervesT
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Autonomic Innervation of the Livera
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Autonomic Innervationof the Pancrea
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Innervation of the Adrenal Gland1T1
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Autonomic Pelvic Nervesand Ganglia1
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Nerves of the Kidneys, Ureters,and
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Innervation of the MaleReproductive
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Innervation of the FemaleReproducti
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Cytoarchitecture of the SpinalCord
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C7 Spinal Cord Cross SectionDescend
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T8 Spinal Cord Cross SectionDescend
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L3 Spinal Cord Cross SectionDescend
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S3 Spinal Cord Cross SectionDescend
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Spinal Cord Imaging123456789Regiona
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Spinal Somatic Reflex Pathways1234F
Page 242 and 243: Muscle and Joint Receptorsand Muscl
Page 244 and 245: Brain Stem Cross Section:Medulla-Sp
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Page 254 and 255: Brain Stem Cross Section: Pons atth
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Page 260 and 261: Brain Stem Cross Section:Pons-Midbr
Page 262 and 263: Brain Stem Cross Section: Midbrain
Page 264 and 265: Brain Stem Cross Section: Midbrain
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Page 268 and 269: Cranial Nerves: Basal View of the B
Page 270 and 271: Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei:Sch
Page 272 and 273: Nerves of the Orbit1312123451110967
Page 274 and 275: Extraocular Cranial Nerves123456789
Page 276 and 277: Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)4 3 2 156789
Page 278 and 279: Facial Nerve (CN VII)12345678910 11
Page 280 and 281: Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)23
Page 282 and 283: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)Senso
Page 284 and 285: Vagus Nerve (CN X)12345761110981213
Page 286 and 287: Accessory Nerve (CN XI)125673489101
Page 288 and 289: Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)123456Mot
Page 290 and 291: Reticular Formation and NucleiA. Th
Page 294 and 295: Cerebellar Organization:Lobes and R
Page 296 and 297: Cerebellar Anatomy: Deep Nucleiand
Page 298 and 299: Thalamic Anatomy andInterconnection
Page 300 and 301: Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland123
Page 302 and 303: Hypothalamic Nuclei1Lateralventricl
Page 304 and 305: Axial Sections throughthe Forebrain
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Page 308 and 309: Axial Sections through the Forebrai
Page 316 and 317: Axial Section through the Forebrain
Page 318 and 319: Coronal Sections throughthe Forebra
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Page 334 and 335: Cortical Association Pathways4Ms IM
Page 336 and 337: Major Cortical Association Bundles1
Page 338 and 339: Color Imaging of Projection Pathway
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Serotonergic Pathways2 1345678910Re
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Dopaminergic Pathways1234567Regiona
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Central Cholinergic Pathways123456R
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Olfactory Nerves213546789105346Regi
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3Systemic NeurosciencePlates 3-1 to
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Systemic NeurosciencePlates 3-1 to
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Somatosensory Afferents tothe Spina
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Somatosensory System:Spinocerebella
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Somatosensory System: Dorsal Column
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Somatosensory System: Spinothalamic
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Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain andS
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Descending Control of Pain Processi
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Trigeminal Sensory and AssociatedSe
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Taste PathwaysCerebrum1234Pons657Me
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Peripheral Pathways forSound Recept
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Bony and Membranous Labyrinths11723
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VIII Nerve Innervation of Hair Cell
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Auditory Pathways2134756Low tonesMi
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Centrifugal (Efferent)Auditory Path
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Vestibular ReceptorsA. Membranous l
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Vestibular Pathways12123456111097Lo
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NystagmusSlow phaseRapid phase(sacc
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Anatomy of the Eye12345678910111817
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Anterior and Posterior Chambersof t
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Retina: Retinal LayersRetinallayers
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Arteries and Veins of the Eye123456
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Optic ChiasmSuperiorTemporalNasal12
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Visual Pathways: Retinal Projection
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Visual Pathway: Retino-Geniculo-Cal
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Visual Pathways in the Parietaland
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Distribution of Lower Motor Neurons
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Cortical Efferent PathwaysCerebral
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Color Imaging of CorticalEfferent P
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Corticobulbar Tract1234567891078Sys
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Corticospinal Tract11223467856Syste
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Rubrospinal Tract12341089576Systemi
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Vestibulospinal Tracts12 Vestibular
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Reticulospinal Tracts2134567Systemi
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Central Control of Eye Movements123
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Central Control of Respiration12341
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Cerebellar Neuronal CircuitryExcita
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Afferent Pathways to the Cerebellum
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Cerebellar Efferent PathwaysExcitat
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Connections of the Basal GangliaCon
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General Organization ofthe Autonomi
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Sections through hypothalamus ISect
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Sections throughthe Midhypothalamus
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Sections through the CaudalHypothal
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Schematic Reconstructionof the Hypo
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Afferent and Efferent PathwaysAssoc
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Paraventricular Nucleusof the Hypot
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Mechanisms of Cytokine Influences o
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Circumventricular Organs126543Syste
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Hypophysial Portal VasculatureBlood
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Regulation of the Anterior Pituitar
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Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysi
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Hypothalamus and Thermoregulation21
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Neuroimmunomodulation11423131211489
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Anatomy of the Limbic ForebrainMajo
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Hippocampal Formation:General Anato
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Neuronal Connections ofthe Hippocam
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Major Afferent and EfferentConnecti
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Major Efferent Connectionsof the Am
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Major Connectionsof the Cingulate C
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Olfactory Pathways12345613141516171
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NETTER - Neuroscience Flash Cards

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