NETTER - Neuroscience Flash Cards

Cortical Efferent Pathways
1. Axons from frontal cortex
2. Corticobulbar, corticorubral, corticonuclear, and corticospinal
pathways
3. From frontal eye fields to interstitial nucleus of Cajal
4. Corticospinal axons
5. Cortical axons to pontocerebellar system
6. Axons to contralateral facial nerve nucleus
7. Anterior corticospinal tract (uncrossed)
8. Lateral corticospinal tract (crossed)
9. Axons from auditory cortex to inferior colliculus
10. Axons from occipital eye fields to superior colliculus
11. Axons from parietal cortex
Comment: Cortical neurons of the motor, premotor, and
supplemental motor cortex send axons to the basal ganglia (caudate
nucleus and putamen), nuclei ventral anterior (VA) and ventolateral
(VL) of the thalamus, the red nucleus, the pontine nuclei, cranial
nerve motor nuclei of both sides (corticobulbar), and the spinal cord
ventral horn (mainly contralateral). These axons form the corticospinal
tracts, corticobulbar tract, corticostriatal projections, corticopontine
projections, corticothalamic projections, and cortical connections
to brain stem upper motor neuronal systems. Cortical neurons of
the sensory cortex connect mainly to secondary sensory nuclei
to regulate incoming sensory information (corticonuclear path).
Neurons in the frontal eye fields project to the superior colliculus,
the horizontal and vertical gaze centers of the brain stem, and the
interstitial nucleus of Cajal in the midbrain to coordinate voluntary
eye movements and associated head movements. Other cortical
projections connect with the thalamus, brain stem structures, and
limbic forebrain regions.
Systemic Neuroscience See book 15.4