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Reticulospinal Tracts2134567Systemic Neuroscience 3-32
Reticulospinal Tracts1. Corticoreticular projections2. Medial pontine reticular formation3. Medial medullary reticular formation4. Lateral reticulospinal tract5. Medial reticulospinal tract6. Cervical spinal cord7. Lumbar spinal cordComment: The reticulospinal tracts are derived from theisodendritic neurons in the medial portion of the pontine andmedullary reticular formation. The pontine (medial) reticulospinaltract arises from the medial pontine reticular formation (nucleipontis caudalis and pontis oralis) and descends ipsilaterally to endmainly on interneurons associated with alpha and gamma lowermotor neurons (LMNs) of the spinal cord at all levels; this tract hasan extensor bias for axial musculature and reinforces the actionsof the lateral vestibulospinal tract. This tract is driven mainly bypolysensory input from the trigeminal and somatosensory systemsand has little influence from the cerebral cortex. The medullary(lateral) reticulospinal tract arises from the medial reticular formationof the medulla (nucleus gigantocellularis) and is driven heavily bycortical input from the motor cortex, supplemental motor cortex, andpremotor cortex. Axons of this tract terminate bilaterally mainly oninterneurons associated with alpha and gamma LMNs at all levelsof the spinal cord; this tract exerts a flexor bias, reinforcing thecorticospinal and rubrospinal tracts. These reticulospinal tracts areimportant regulators of basic tone and posture. They appear to notbe somatotopically organized.Systemic Neuroscience See book 15.11
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Netter’sNeuroscienceFlash CardsSe
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PrefaceNetter’s Neuroscience Flas
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Table of ContentsSection 1 : Overvi
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1 Overview of the Nervous SystemPla
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Overview of the Nervous SystemPlate
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Neuronal Structure12345 67891011Ove
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Neuronal Cell Types12111210Red:Moto
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Glial Cell Types10918265374Overview
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Blood-Brain Barrier162543Overview o
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Myelination of CNS and PNS AxonsCen
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Synaptic MorphologyA. Schematic of
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Overview of the Nervous System 1-7C
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Foramina in the Base ofthe Adult Sk
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Bony Framework of the Headand Neck7
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Schematic of the Meninges and Their
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Hematomas4321765Overview of the Ner
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Surface Anatomy of the Forebrain:La
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Lateral View of the Forebrain:Funct
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Anatomy of the Medial (Midsagittal)
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Anatomy of the Basal Surface ofthe
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A. Coronal viewBrain Imaging: Compu
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Brain Imaging: Magnetic ResonanceIm
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Brain Imaging: Magnetic ResonanceIm
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Horizontal Brain Sections Showingth
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Major Limbic Forebrain Structures76
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Color Imaging of the Corpus Callosu
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Hippocampal Formation and FornixA.
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Thalamic Anatomy11321211104356789Ov
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Thalamic Nuclei12354876910111514121
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Brain Stem Surface Anatomy:Posterol
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Brain Stem Surface Anatomy:Anterior
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Cerebellar Anatomy: Internal Featur
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Spinal Column: Bony Anatomy12345678
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Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy In Situ1
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Spinal Cord: Its Meninges andSpinal
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Spinal Cord: Cross-SectionalAnatomy
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Spinal Cord: White and Gray Matter1
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Ventricular Anatomy1112345671098Ove
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Ventricular Anatomy in CoronalForeb
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Anatomy of the Fourth Ventricle:Lat
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A. Axial viewMagnetic Resonance Ima
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Circulation of the Cerebrospinal Fl
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Arterial Supply to the Brainand Men
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Arterial Distribution to the Brain:
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Circle of Willis: Schematic Illustr
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Magnetic Resonance Angiography:Coro
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Vertebrobasilar Arterial System1234
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Arterial Blood Supply to the Spinal
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Arterial Supply to the Spinal Cord:
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Meninges and SuperficialCerebral Ve
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Venous Sinuses123458109675118241096
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Deep Venous Drainage of the Brain:R
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Magnetic Resonance Venography123451
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Neurulation1Level of section4523432
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Neural Tube Development andNeural C
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Development of Peripheral Axons2134
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Early Brain Development:36-Day-Old
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Early Brain Development: 49-Day-Old
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Development of the Eye and Orbit1 2
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Development of the Ear326574112aLat
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Development of the Pituitary Gland1
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Development of the Ventricles134312
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2Regional NeurosciencePlates 2-1 to
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Regional NeurosciencePlates 2-1 to
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2-82 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gla
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Spinal Cord and PNS SchematicSensor
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Anatomy of a Peripheral Nerve1Compr
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Cutaneous Receptors1 2 3 4567Region
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Neuromuscular Junction6714512321110
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Dermatomal Distribution124 365789Re
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Cutaneous Nerves ofthe Head and Nec
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Cervical Plexus12345111067981211108
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Phrenic Nerve18756423Regional Neuro
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Thoracic Nerves123 4561079 8Regiona
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Brachial PlexusC56SuperiorC6C7435La
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Dermatomes of the Upper Limb7Anteri
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Cutaneous Innervation of the UpperL
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Scapular, Axillary, and RadialNerve
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Radial Nerve in the Forearm12345789
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Musculocutaneous Nerve1116987102354
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Median Nerve12 6734Cutaneousinnerva
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Ulnar Nerve12Cutaneousinnervation34
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Lumbar Plexus1345267891011213456813
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Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses978106
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Femoral and Lateral FemoralCutaneou
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Obturator Nerve12345136789101112Reg
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Sciatic and Posterior FemoralCutane
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Tibial Nerve127Cutaneousinnervation
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Common Peroneal Nerve101Cutaneousin
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Schematic of the AutonomicNervous S
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Autonomic Distribution to the Heada
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Autonomic Distribution to the Heada
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Autonomic Distribution to the Eye14
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Schematic of Pterygopalatine andSub
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Thoracic Sympathetic Chain andSplan
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Innervation ofthe Tracheobronchial
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Innervation of the Heart2 139410115
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Abdominal Nerves and Ganglia1243567
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Nerves of the EsophagusAnterior vie
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Nerves of the Stomach and Duodenum1
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Nerves of the Small Intestine123456
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Nerves of the Large Intestine123154
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Enteric Nervous SystemVagus nervesT
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Autonomic Innervation of the Livera
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Autonomic Innervationof the Pancrea
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Innervation of the Adrenal Gland1T1
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Autonomic Pelvic Nervesand Ganglia1
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Nerves of the Kidneys, Ureters,and
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Innervation of the MaleReproductive
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Innervation of the FemaleReproducti
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Cytoarchitecture of the SpinalCord
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C7 Spinal Cord Cross SectionDescend
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T8 Spinal Cord Cross SectionDescend
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L3 Spinal Cord Cross SectionDescend
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S3 Spinal Cord Cross SectionDescend
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Spinal Cord Imaging123456789Regiona
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Spinal Somatic Reflex Pathways1234F
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Muscle and Joint Receptorsand Muscl
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Brain Stem Cross Section:Medulla-Sp
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Brain Stem Cross Section: Medullaat
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Brain Stem Cross Section:Medullo-Po
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Brain Stem Cross Section: Pons atth
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Brain Stem Cross Section: Pons atth
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Brain Stem Cross Sections: Pons att
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Brain Stem Cross Section:Pons-Midbr
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Brain Stem Cross Section: Midbrain
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Brain Stem Cross Section: Midbrain
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Brain Stem Cross Section:Midbrain-D
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Cranial Nerves: Basal View of the B
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Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei:Sch
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Nerves of the Orbit1312123451110967
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Extraocular Cranial Nerves123456789
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Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)4 3 2 156789
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Facial Nerve (CN VII)12345678910 11
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Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)23
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Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)Senso
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Vagus Nerve (CN X)12345761110981213
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Accessory Nerve (CN XI)125673489101
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Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)123456Mot
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Reticular Formation and NucleiA. Th
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Sleep-Wakefulness ControlThalamus10
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Cerebellar Organization:Lobes and R
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Cerebellar Anatomy: Deep Nucleiand
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Thalamic Anatomy andInterconnection
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Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland123
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Hypothalamic Nuclei1Lateralventricl
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Axial Sections throughthe Forebrain
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Axial Sections throughthe Forebrain
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Axial Sections through the Forebrai
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Axial Section through the Forebrain
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Coronal Sections throughthe Forebra
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Coronal Sections through the Forebr
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Cortical Association Pathways4Ms IM
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Major Cortical Association Bundles1
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Color Imaging of Projection Pathway
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Noradrenergic Pathways612345Regiona
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Serotonergic Pathways2 1345678910Re
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Dopaminergic Pathways1234567Regiona
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Central Cholinergic Pathways123456R
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Olfactory Nerves213546789105346Regi
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3Systemic NeurosciencePlates 3-1 to
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Systemic NeurosciencePlates 3-1 to
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Somatosensory Afferents tothe Spina
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Somatosensory System:Spinocerebella
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Somatosensory System: Dorsal Column
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Somatosensory System: Spinothalamic
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Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain andS
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Descending Control of Pain Processi
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Page 368 and 369: Taste PathwaysCerebrum1234Pons657Me
Page 370 and 371: Peripheral Pathways forSound Recept
Page 372 and 373: Bony and Membranous Labyrinths11723
Page 374 and 375: VIII Nerve Innervation of Hair Cell
Page 376 and 377: Auditory Pathways2134756Low tonesMi
Page 378 and 379: Centrifugal (Efferent)Auditory Path
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Page 384 and 385: NystagmusSlow phaseRapid phase(sacc
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Page 390 and 391: Retina: Retinal LayersRetinallayers
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Page 394 and 395: Optic ChiasmSuperiorTemporalNasal12
Page 396 and 397: Visual Pathways: Retinal Projection
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Page 402 and 403: Distribution of Lower Motor Neurons
Page 404 and 405: Cortical Efferent PathwaysCerebral
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Page 408 and 409: Corticobulbar Tract1234567891078Sys
Page 410 and 411: Corticospinal Tract11223467856Syste
Page 412 and 413: Rubrospinal Tract12341089576Systemi
Page 414 and 415: Vestibulospinal Tracts12 Vestibular
Page 418 and 419: Central Control of Eye Movements123
Page 420 and 421: Central Control of Respiration12341
Page 422 and 423: Cerebellar Neuronal CircuitryExcita
Page 424 and 425: Afferent Pathways to the Cerebellum
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Page 428 and 429: Connections of the Basal GangliaCon
Page 430 and 431: General Organization ofthe Autonomi
Page 432 and 433: Sections through hypothalamus ISect
Page 434 and 435: Sections throughthe Midhypothalamus
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Page 438 and 439: Schematic Reconstructionof the Hypo
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Page 446 and 447: Circumventricular Organs126543Syste
Page 448 and 449: Hypophysial Portal VasculatureBlood
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Page 456 and 457: Neuroimmunomodulation11423131211489
Page 458 and 459: Anatomy of the Limbic ForebrainMajo
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Major Efferent Connectionsof the Am
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Major Connectionsof the Cingulate C
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Olfactory Pathways12345613141516171
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NETTER - Neuroscience Flash Cards

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