NETTER - Neuroscience Flash Cards

Recommendations

Info

Noradrenergic Pathways612345Regional Neuroscience 2-102
Noradrenergic Pathways1. Dorsal noradrenergicbundle2. Ventral noradrenergicbundle3. Locus coeruleus (group A6)4. Noradrenergic cell groupsA5 and A75. Noradrenergic cell groupsA1 and A26. Cingulum bundleComment: Noradrenergic (NA) neurons are located in circumscribedareas of the brain stem, labeled as “A” cell groups, most prominentlyfound in the locus coeruleus of the pons (group A6), and in severalgroups in the reticular formation of the pons and medulla (groupsA1, A2, A5, and A7). These neurons project to widespread regionsof the central nervous system. The locus coeruleus has axons thatbranch to the cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation, hypothalamus,cerebellum, brain stem nuclei, and spinal cord via the dorsal NAbundle and a descending NA pathway. The locus coeruleus acts as amodulator of the excitability of other projection systems such as theglutamate system and helps to regulate attention and alertness, thesleep-wake cycle, and appropriate responses to stressors, includingpain. The reticular formation groups are interconnected extensivelywith the spinal cord, brain stem, hypothalamic groups, and limbicregions involved in neuroendocrine control, visceral functions(temperature regulation, feeding and appetite control, drinkingbehavior, reproductive and sexual behavior, autonomic regulation),and emotional behavior. Serotonin neurons of the raphe system andtheir projections overlap with many of these NA connections andcomodulate related functional activities. A sparse set of epinephrinecontainingneurons (C1 and C2 groups) are found in the medullaryreticular formation and modulate many brain stem functions suchas blood pressure. These neurons can work in concert with thelocus coeruleus during a challenge or in response to a stressor tocoordinate alertness and appropriate neuroendocrine and autonomicresponses. Central NA and adrenergic neuronal systems andreceptors are targets of many pharmacological agents, includingthose for depression, analgesia, hypertension, and other conditions.Regional Neuroscience See book 13.31
Page 2 and 3:
Netter’sNeuroscienceFlash CardsSe
Page 4 and 5:
PrefaceNetter’s Neuroscience Flas
Page 6 and 7:
Table of ContentsSection 1 : Overvi
Page 8 and 9:
1 Overview of the Nervous SystemPla
Page 10 and 11:
Overview of the Nervous SystemPlate
Page 12 and 13:
Neuronal Structure12345 67891011Ove
Page 14 and 15:
Neuronal Cell Types12111210Red:Moto
Page 16 and 17:
Glial Cell Types10918265374Overview
Page 18 and 19:
Blood-Brain Barrier162543Overview o
Page 20 and 21:
Myelination of CNS and PNS AxonsCen
Page 22 and 23:
Synaptic MorphologyA. Schematic of
Page 24 and 25:
Overview of the Nervous System 1-7C
Page 26 and 27:
Foramina in the Base ofthe Adult Sk
Page 28 and 29:
Bony Framework of the Headand Neck7
Page 30 and 31:
Schematic of the Meninges and Their
Page 32 and 33:
Hematomas4321765Overview of the Ner
Page 34 and 35:
Surface Anatomy of the Forebrain:La
Page 36 and 37:
Lateral View of the Forebrain:Funct
Page 38 and 39:
Anatomy of the Medial (Midsagittal)
Page 40 and 41:
Anatomy of the Basal Surface ofthe
Page 42 and 43:
A. Coronal viewBrain Imaging: Compu
Page 44 and 45:
Brain Imaging: Magnetic ResonanceIm
Page 46 and 47:
Brain Imaging: Magnetic ResonanceIm
Page 48 and 49:
Horizontal Brain Sections Showingth
Page 50 and 51:
Major Limbic Forebrain Structures76
Page 52 and 53:
Color Imaging of the Corpus Callosu
Page 54 and 55:
Hippocampal Formation and FornixA.
Page 56 and 57:
Thalamic Anatomy11321211104356789Ov
Page 58 and 59:
Thalamic Nuclei12354876910111514121
Page 60 and 61:
Brain Stem Surface Anatomy:Posterol
Page 62 and 63:
Brain Stem Surface Anatomy:Anterior
Page 64 and 65:
Cerebellar Anatomy: Internal Featur
Page 66 and 67:
Spinal Column: Bony Anatomy12345678
Page 68 and 69:
Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy In Situ1
Page 70 and 71:
Spinal Cord: Its Meninges andSpinal
Page 72 and 73:
Spinal Cord: Cross-SectionalAnatomy
Page 74 and 75:
Spinal Cord: White and Gray Matter1
Page 76 and 77:
Ventricular Anatomy1112345671098Ove
Page 78 and 79:
Ventricular Anatomy in CoronalForeb
Page 80 and 81:
Anatomy of the Fourth Ventricle:Lat
Page 82 and 83:
A. Axial viewMagnetic Resonance Ima
Page 84 and 85:
Circulation of the Cerebrospinal Fl
Page 86 and 87:
Arterial Supply to the Brainand Men
Page 88 and 89:
Arterial Distribution to the Brain:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Circle of Willis: Schematic Illustr
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Magnetic Resonance Angiography:Coro
Page 100 and 101:
Vertebrobasilar Arterial System1234
Page 102 and 103:
Arterial Blood Supply to the Spinal
Page 104 and 105:
Arterial Supply to the Spinal Cord:
Page 106 and 107:
Meninges and SuperficialCerebral Ve
Page 108 and 109:
Venous Sinuses123458109675118241096
Page 110 and 111:
Deep Venous Drainage of the Brain:R
Page 112 and 113:
Magnetic Resonance Venography123451
Page 114 and 115:
Neurulation1Level of section4523432
Page 116 and 117:
Neural Tube Development andNeural C
Page 118 and 119:
Development of Peripheral Axons2134
Page 120 and 121:
Early Brain Development:36-Day-Old
Page 122 and 123:
Early Brain Development: 49-Day-Old
Page 124 and 125:
Development of the Eye and Orbit1 2
Page 126 and 127:
Development of the Ear326574112aLat
Page 128 and 129:
Development of the Pituitary Gland1
Page 130 and 131:
Development of the Ventricles134312
Page 132 and 133:
2Regional NeurosciencePlates 2-1 to
Page 134 and 135:
Regional NeurosciencePlates 2-1 to
Page 136 and 137:
2-82 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gla
Page 138 and 139:
Spinal Cord and PNS SchematicSensor
Page 140 and 141:
Anatomy of a Peripheral Nerve1Compr
Page 142 and 143:
Cutaneous Receptors1 2 3 4567Region
Page 144 and 145:
Neuromuscular Junction6714512321110
Page 146 and 147:
Dermatomal Distribution124 365789Re
Page 148 and 149:
Cutaneous Nerves ofthe Head and Nec
Page 150 and 151:
Cervical Plexus12345111067981211108
Page 152 and 153:
Phrenic Nerve18756423Regional Neuro
Page 154 and 155:
Thoracic Nerves123 4561079 8Regiona
Page 156 and 157:
Brachial PlexusC56SuperiorC6C7435La
Page 158 and 159:
Dermatomes of the Upper Limb7Anteri
Page 160 and 161:
Cutaneous Innervation of the UpperL
Page 162 and 163:
Scapular, Axillary, and RadialNerve
Page 164 and 165:
Radial Nerve in the Forearm12345789
Page 166 and 167:
Musculocutaneous Nerve1116987102354
Page 168 and 169:
Median Nerve12 6734Cutaneousinnerva
Page 170 and 171:
Ulnar Nerve12Cutaneousinnervation34
Page 172 and 173:
Lumbar Plexus1345267891011213456813
Page 174 and 175:
Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses978106
Page 176 and 177:
Femoral and Lateral FemoralCutaneou
Page 178 and 179:
Obturator Nerve12345136789101112Reg
Page 180 and 181:
Sciatic and Posterior FemoralCutane
Page 182 and 183:
Tibial Nerve127Cutaneousinnervation
Page 184 and 185:
Common Peroneal Nerve101Cutaneousin
Page 186 and 187:
Schematic of the AutonomicNervous S
Page 188 and 189:
Autonomic Distribution to the Heada
Page 190 and 191:
Autonomic Distribution to the Heada
Page 192 and 193:
Autonomic Distribution to the Eye14
Page 194 and 195:
Schematic of Pterygopalatine andSub
Page 196 and 197:
Thoracic Sympathetic Chain andSplan
Page 198 and 199:
Innervation ofthe Tracheobronchial
Page 200 and 201:
Innervation of the Heart2 139410115
Page 202 and 203:
Abdominal Nerves and Ganglia1243567
Page 204 and 205:
Nerves of the EsophagusAnterior vie
Page 206 and 207:
Nerves of the Stomach and Duodenum1
Page 208 and 209:
Nerves of the Small Intestine123456
Page 210 and 211:
Nerves of the Large Intestine123154
Page 212 and 213:
Enteric Nervous SystemVagus nervesT
Page 214 and 215:
Autonomic Innervation of the Livera
Page 216 and 217:
Autonomic Innervationof the Pancrea
Page 218 and 219:
Innervation of the Adrenal Gland1T1
Page 220 and 221:
Autonomic Pelvic Nervesand Ganglia1
Page 222 and 223:
Nerves of the Kidneys, Ureters,and
Page 224 and 225:
Innervation of the MaleReproductive
Page 226 and 227:
Innervation of the FemaleReproducti
Page 228 and 229:
Cytoarchitecture of the SpinalCord
Page 230 and 231:
C7 Spinal Cord Cross SectionDescend
Page 232 and 233:
T8 Spinal Cord Cross SectionDescend
Page 234 and 235:
L3 Spinal Cord Cross SectionDescend
Page 236 and 237:
S3 Spinal Cord Cross SectionDescend
Page 238 and 239:
Spinal Cord Imaging123456789Regiona
Page 240 and 241:
Spinal Somatic Reflex Pathways1234F
Page 242 and 243:
Muscle and Joint Receptorsand Muscl
Page 244 and 245:
Brain Stem Cross Section:Medulla-Sp
Page 246 and 247:
Brain Stem Cross Section: Medullaat
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Brain Stem Cross Section:Medullo-Po
Page 254 and 255:
Brain Stem Cross Section: Pons atth
Page 256 and 257:
Brain Stem Cross Section: Pons atth
Page 258 and 259:
Brain Stem Cross Sections: Pons att
Page 260 and 261:
Brain Stem Cross Section:Pons-Midbr
Page 262 and 263:
Brain Stem Cross Section: Midbrain
Page 264 and 265:
Brain Stem Cross Section: Midbrain
Page 266 and 267:
Brain Stem Cross Section:Midbrain-D
Page 268 and 269:
Cranial Nerves: Basal View of the B
Page 270 and 271:
Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei:Sch
Page 272 and 273:
Nerves of the Orbit1312123451110967
Page 274 and 275:
Extraocular Cranial Nerves123456789
Page 276 and 277:
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)4 3 2 156789
Page 278 and 279:
Facial Nerve (CN VII)12345678910 11
Page 280 and 281:
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)23
Page 282 and 283:
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)Senso
Page 284 and 285:
Vagus Nerve (CN X)12345761110981213
Page 286 and 287:
Accessory Nerve (CN XI)125673489101
Page 288 and 289:
Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)123456Mot
Page 290 and 291: Reticular Formation and NucleiA. Th
Page 292 and 293: Sleep-Wakefulness ControlThalamus10
Page 294 and 295: Cerebellar Organization:Lobes and R
Page 296 and 297: Cerebellar Anatomy: Deep Nucleiand
Page 298 and 299: Thalamic Anatomy andInterconnection
Page 300 and 301: Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland123
Page 302 and 303: Hypothalamic Nuclei1Lateralventricl
Page 304 and 305: Axial Sections throughthe Forebrain
Page 306 and 307: Axial Sections throughthe Forebrain
Page 308 and 309: Axial Sections through the Forebrai
Page 316 and 317: Axial Section through the Forebrain
Page 318 and 319: Coronal Sections throughthe Forebra
Page 320 and 321: Coronal Sections through the Forebr
Page 334 and 335: Cortical Association Pathways4Ms IM
Page 336 and 337: Major Cortical Association Bundles1
Page 338 and 339: Color Imaging of Projection Pathway
Page 342 and 343: Serotonergic Pathways2 1345678910Re
Page 344 and 345: Dopaminergic Pathways1234567Regiona
Page 346 and 347: Central Cholinergic Pathways123456R
Page 348 and 349: Olfactory Nerves213546789105346Regi
Page 350 and 351: 3Systemic NeurosciencePlates 3-1 to
Page 352 and 353: Systemic NeurosciencePlates 3-1 to
Page 354 and 355: Somatosensory Afferents tothe Spina
Page 356 and 357: Somatosensory System:Spinocerebella
Page 358 and 359: Somatosensory System: Dorsal Column
Page 360 and 361: Somatosensory System: Spinothalamic
Page 362 and 363: Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain andS
Page 364 and 365: Descending Control of Pain Processi
Page 366 and 367: Trigeminal Sensory and AssociatedSe
Page 368 and 369: Taste PathwaysCerebrum1234Pons657Me
Page 370 and 371: Peripheral Pathways forSound Recept
Page 372 and 373: Bony and Membranous Labyrinths11723
Page 374 and 375: VIII Nerve Innervation of Hair Cell
Page 376 and 377: Auditory Pathways2134756Low tonesMi
Page 378 and 379: Centrifugal (Efferent)Auditory Path
Page 380 and 381: Vestibular ReceptorsA. Membranous l
Page 382 and 383: Vestibular Pathways12123456111097Lo
Page 384 and 385: NystagmusSlow phaseRapid phase(sacc
Page 386 and 387: Anatomy of the Eye12345678910111817
Page 388 and 389: Anterior and Posterior Chambersof t
Page 390 and 391:
Retina: Retinal LayersRetinallayers
Page 392 and 393:
Arteries and Veins of the Eye123456
Page 394 and 395:
Optic ChiasmSuperiorTemporalNasal12
Page 396 and 397:
Visual Pathways: Retinal Projection
Page 398 and 399:
Visual Pathway: Retino-Geniculo-Cal
Page 400 and 401:
Visual Pathways in the Parietaland
Page 402 and 403:
Distribution of Lower Motor Neurons
Page 404 and 405:
Cortical Efferent PathwaysCerebral
Page 406 and 407:
Color Imaging of CorticalEfferent P
Page 408 and 409:
Corticobulbar Tract1234567891078Sys
Page 410 and 411:
Corticospinal Tract11223467856Syste
Page 412 and 413:
Rubrospinal Tract12341089576Systemi
Page 414 and 415:
Vestibulospinal Tracts12 Vestibular
Page 416 and 417:
Reticulospinal Tracts2134567Systemi
Page 418 and 419:
Central Control of Eye Movements123
Page 420 and 421:
Central Control of Respiration12341
Page 422 and 423:
Cerebellar Neuronal CircuitryExcita
Page 424 and 425:
Afferent Pathways to the Cerebellum
Page 426 and 427:
Cerebellar Efferent PathwaysExcitat
Page 428 and 429:
Connections of the Basal GangliaCon
Page 430 and 431:
General Organization ofthe Autonomi
Page 432 and 433:
Sections through hypothalamus ISect
Page 434 and 435:
Sections throughthe Midhypothalamus
Page 436 and 437:
Sections through the CaudalHypothal
Page 438 and 439:
Schematic Reconstructionof the Hypo
Page 440 and 441:
Afferent and Efferent PathwaysAssoc
Page 442 and 443:
Paraventricular Nucleusof the Hypot
Page 444 and 445:
Mechanisms of Cytokine Influences o
Page 446 and 447:
Circumventricular Organs126543Syste
Page 448 and 449:
Hypophysial Portal VasculatureBlood
Page 450 and 451:
Regulation of the Anterior Pituitar
Page 452 and 453:
Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysi
Page 454 and 455:
Hypothalamus and Thermoregulation21
Page 456 and 457:
Neuroimmunomodulation11423131211489
Page 458 and 459:
Anatomy of the Limbic ForebrainMajo
Page 460 and 461:
Hippocampal Formation:General Anato
Page 462 and 463:
Neuronal Connections ofthe Hippocam
Page 464 and 465:
Major Afferent and EfferentConnecti
Page 466 and 467:
Major Efferent Connectionsof the Am
Page 468 and 469:
Major Connectionsof the Cingulate C
Page 470 and 471:
Olfactory Pathways12345613141516171
show all

NETTER - Neuroscience Flash Cards

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?