Thesis - Leigh Moody.pdf - Bad Request - Cranfield University

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Chapter 3 / Sensors / Radar _ _ 3.8.6 Radar Equation and Signal-to-Noise Ratios The SNR is derived from the Radar Equation that appears in many radar texts, Barton [B.10] . The prefix identifying the parameters as those from the radar “RD” is ignored in the derivation of the SNR with respect to the target. The signal strength for an isotropic reflector and a perfect receiving antenna (S) is the product of the reflected power density at the receiver (IR) and its effective receiver aperture (AE). I : S ⋅ = 3.8-8 R E A Equation 3.8-22 The receiver aperture depends on the receiver gain (GR), the average gain over the angle illuminated by the target’s motion during the observation time, and (λt) the transmission wavelength. Assuming reciprocity, A E : = GR ⋅ λ 4 ⋅ π 2 T Equation 3.8-23 If (PT) represents the maximum power in a single pulse from the transmitting antenna, (GT) its average gain, the power density at the target, I S : = P T ⋅ G 4 ⋅ π ⋅ P T 2 o, t Equation 3.8-24 The effective radiating area of the target is often referred to as its Radar Cross Section (RCS) (σRCS). Typical values of RCS are subjective depending not only on physical size, but shape and materials for stealth - the following list is merely a guide: • Missile 10 -2 to 10 1 • Fighter aircraft 10 -1 to 10 2 • Bombers and transports 10 0 to 10 3 • Armoured vehicles 10 1 to 10 2 • Small ships 10 2 to 10 4 • Large ships 10 2 to 10 6 A default RCS of 1 has been selected. Combining terms, the signal power collected by the receiving antenna from an isotropic reflector using the same antenna for transmission and reception with a common gain (G),
Chapter 3 / Sensors / Radar _ _ S : = I S ⋅ σ 4 ⋅ π ⋅ RCS 2 Po, t 3.8-9 : = P T ⋅ G 2 ⋅ λ 2 T ⋅ σ 3 4 ( 4 ⋅ π ) ⋅ P o, t RCS Equation 3.8-25 For a circular Gaussian radiation pattern the directive gain is a function of the antenna beam width and the antenna efficiency (λE), G : = λ ⋅ π ξ E 2 2 BW Equation 3.8-26 The noise power (N) available for a single pulse at the perfect receiving antenna measured in (W/Hz), N : = k ⋅ T B S t P Equation 3.8-27 (kB) is Boltzmann's constant, and (tP) the uncompressed transmitted pulse length which is a piecewise constant function of target range, a typical approximation being, t P : = 0. 0027 ⋅ P XT o, t The system noise temperature (TS) is the sum of, S A R 1 x 10 1 x 10 T = T + T + L ⋅T R −4 −6 E Equation 3.8-28 Equation 3.8-29 (TA) is the antenna noise comprising atmospheric and ground components, T A : = 9 ⋅ TTS + T 10 ⋅ L O O TO + 1 + L O Equation 3.8-30 (LO) is the antenna ohmic loss factor, and (TO) the ground temperature. The sky noise temperature (TTS) is a function of beam elevation with respect to the Alignment frame. Θ TB A < 30 ⋅ π 180 ⇒ T TS : = 9. 3433 + 0. 03715 ⋅ Θ TB A Equation 3.8-31
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CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY LEIGH MOODY SE
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ABSTRACT When considering advances
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Contents _ _ LIST OF CONTENTS 1 INT
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Contents _ _ 8.2 The Scope of Moder
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Contents _ _ 17.4 Inertial Velocity
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Tables _ _ LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1
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Figures _ _ LIST OF FIGURES Figure
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Figures _ _ Figure 5-1 : Centralise
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Figures _ _ Figure 19-3 : Air Densi
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Acronyms _ _ Acronyms And Abbreviat
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Acronyms _ _ HDOP - NAVSTAR GPS Hor
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Acronyms _ _ RCS - Radar Cross Sect
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Glossary _ _ GLOSSARY A challenge w
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Glossary _ _ 0.1 Predicate Calculus
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Glossary _ _ ]A,B] Real number rang
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Glossary _ _ 0.9 Matrix Operators [
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Glossary _ _ 0.14.2 Special Vectors
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Glossary _ _ P C a , b ≡ XC YC ZC
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Glossary _ _ V ≡ V : = V • V Th
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Glossary _ _ 0.16.4 Matrix Partitio
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Glossary _ _ Only the subset of qua
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Glossary _ _ 0.19 Systeme Internati
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1 Chapter 1 / Introduction _ _ Chap
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Chapter 1 / Introduction _ _ Wherea
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Chapter 1 / Introduction _ _ • Cr
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Chapter 1 / Introduction _ _ genera
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Chapter 1 / Introduction _ _ radar
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Chapter 1 / Introduction _ _ simple
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Chapter 1 / Introduction _ _ optimi
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Chapter 1 / Introduction _ _ 1.3.9
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2 Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _
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Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _ 2.
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Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _
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Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _ t
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Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _ P&
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Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _ GO
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Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _ th
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Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _
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Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _ VX
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Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _ ma
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3 Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ Chapter 3
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ 3.1 Simulat
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ Table 3-4 :
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ Reference D
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ 3.2-9 s s i
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ 3.2-11 t o
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ Figure 3-5
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ Table 3-7 :
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ IF ϕ LIM
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ The phase e
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ Taking expe
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ Expressing
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ INPUT; AA,
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ The functio
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Chapter 3 / Sensors / Helmet Mounte
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Chapter 3 / Sensors / Helmet Mounte
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Chapter 3 / Sensors / Air Data Syst
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Chapter 4 / Target Tracking _ _ 3.1
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Chapter 4 / Target Tracking _ _ Ine
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Chapter 4 / Target Tracking _ _ ran
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Chapter 5 / Missile State Observer
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5 Chapter 5 / Missile State Observe
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6 Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ 6.
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ As
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ CD
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ ge
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ ex
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ &
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ PN
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ ra
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ of
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ NO
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ tr
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ η
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ Au
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ Fo
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ (
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ ar
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7 Chapter 7 / Missile Trajectory Op
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Chapter 7 / Missile Trajectory Opti
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8 Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ Chapte
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ 8.1 The
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ 8.3 The
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ Having p
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ 8.5.1 Gl
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ (1) CONS
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ 8.6.2 Ou
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ The file
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ • The
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ comprehe
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ WIN_RATE
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ for this
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ with the
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ Figure 8
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ Table 8-
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ 8.8 Disc
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9 Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ Chapt
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Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ 9.1 Air
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Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ XM ( >
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Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ 9.3 PN
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Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ The eff
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Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ VXMVOM
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Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ VXMVOM
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Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ 9.4 CLO
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Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ AR_BOM
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Chapter 9 / Performance Chapter 9 /
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Initially the position error falls
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values of CN are not always a relia
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crude initialisation introduces err
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9.5.3 Singer Filter Tuning The Sing
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9.6.2 CLOS Study The CLOS study sho
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Chapter 10 / Conclusions _ _ 10-2
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Chapter 10 / Conclusions _ _ 10.3 T
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Chapter 10 / Conclusions _ _ 10.7 M
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Chapter 11 / Future Research _ _ 11
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Chapter 11 / Future Research _ _
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Chapter 11 / Future Research _ _ To
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References _ _ B.4 BAZARAA M.S., SH
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References _ _ F.1 FOX J.E., “A C
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References _ _ H.5 #HULL D.G., RADK
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References _ _ L.2 LOOZE D.P., HSU
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References _ _ N.4 NABAA N., BISHOP
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References _ _ R.3 RUSNACK I., “O
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References _ _ S.15 SINGER R.A.,
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References _ _ Y.2 YUAN P., CHERN J
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Bibliography _ _ B.13 BABA Y., YAMA
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Bibliography _ _ B.40 BECKER J.C.,
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Bibliography _ _ C.33 CORTINA E., O
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Bibliography _ _ E.8 ERSHOV A.A.,
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Bibliography _ _ G.34 GUTMAN P., VE
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Bibliography _ _ H.35 HUSSAIN A.M.,
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Bibliography _ _ K.14 KATZIR S., CL
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Bibliography _ _ L.19 LEFAS C.C,
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Bibliography _ _ M.16 MAYNE D.Q., P
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Bibliography _ _ P.1 PAINTER J.H.,
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Bibliography _ _ R.32 RONG LI X., Z
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Bibliography _ _ S.47 SPEYER J.L.,
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Bibliography _ _ V.5 VIAN J.L., MOO
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Bibliography _ _ W.29 WATSON G.A.,
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Appendix A / Geometric Points _ _ 1
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Appendix A / Geometric Points _ _ 1
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Appendix B / Frames of Reference _
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Appendix C / Axis Transforms _ _ 16
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Appendix C / Axis Transforms _ _ YP
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Appendix C / Axis Transforms _ _ B
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Appendix C / Axis Transforms _ _ YB
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Appendix C / Axis Transforms _ _ Us
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Appendix C / Axis Transforms _ _ No
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Appendix C / Axis Transforms _ _ B
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Appendix C / Axis Transforms _ _
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Appendix D / Point Mass Dynamics _
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ 18-
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ ELL
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ (dx
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ Int
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ 18.
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ 19-
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ P S
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ 19.
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ ∂
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Appendix G / Gravity _ _ 20-2
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Appendix G / Gravity _ _ g : = g +
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Appendix G / Gravity _ _ d −6 2
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Appendix G / Gravity _ _ 20-8
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Appendix H / Steady State Tracking
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Appendix I / Utilities _ _ 22.1-2
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Appendix I / Utilities _ _ Cartesia
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Appendix I / Utilities _ _ Matrix P
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Appendix I / Utilities _ _ 22.1-8
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Appendix I / Utilities / General Ut
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Appendix I / Utilities / WGS 84 Tar
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Appendix I / Utilities / Point Mass
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Appendix I / Utilities / Earth, Atm
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Appendix I / Utilities / Earth, Atm
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Appendix I / Utilities / Digital Ma
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Appendix I / Utilities / Digital Fi
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Appendix I / Utilities / Matrices _
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Appendix I / Utilities / Quaternion
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