Thesis - Leigh Moody.pdf - Bad Request - Cranfield University

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Chapter 3 / Sensors / Air Data System _ _ ERROR IN MACH NUMBER V ~ TAS 0.01 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 : = 20. 0468 3.13-6 M ~ ⋅ M ⋅ 1 + 0. 2 M R ~ T ~ ⋅ K M ~ ⋅ 0 0 2 4 6 PRESSURE RATIO 8 10 12 Figure 3-68 : MACH No. Interpolation Error 2 M Equation 3.13-12 The look-up tables are invoked instead of the inverse mathematical expressions if bit 17 (Height) and bit 18 (Mach Number) are set. 3.13.6 Sensor Limitations Provision of air data at the sensor output interface depends on: • User measurement selection ( MS_MSAV2 bits 19-21 cleared ) • Rate limiting ( MS_AD_ER bit 16 is set ) When active, if any limitations are violated bits 19-21 in the measurement ready flag MS_MSRY2 are cleared. Failure to provide all the primary measurements at the user request is indicated by setting bits 0 - 2 of MS_AD_VF. If primary measurement rate limiting is active, measurement transmission is suspended and bits 3 - 5 of MS_AD_VF are set. 3.13.7 Output Interface The air data passes through an unsigned 16 bit digital interface at a frequency (ADfO) of 20 Hz (clock 17). They are subject to height, speed and Mach number interface range limits of [0,500] m, [0,1200] m/s, and [0,3] respectively, and a one-cycle transmission delay. AD M ~ P : = IF ϕ TD IF IF ( ( ( ( ( M P ) , ADf O ) ) ) ) ~ ϕ ϕ ϕ Q LIM ZOH Equation 3.13-13
Chapter 4 / Target Tracking _ _ 3.14 Discussion It is only through a fundamental understanding of sensors and their limitations that a sound selection of observer architectures and algorithms can be made for any data fusion process. Data fusion solutions presented in literature all too often ignore detrimental sensor features. In practice this leads to inappropriate algorithm selection and eventual requirement creep as software solutions are sought to overcome hardware deficiencies. In industry, to be sure of capturing these features manufacturer’s sensor development models are often used however, these tend to be highly complex and require too much processing, making them unsuitable for rapid system level performance assessment. There exists a need for a set of technologically current sensor models pitched at the systems analysis level - the key driver for this part of the research. Following a review of modern missile systems Figure 3-69 shows the sensors and their measurements that the author believes will have an enduring impact on future weapon systems in respect of targeting, geodetic referencing, and aided navigation. Although the latter are rarely used for air-defence, they perform critical functions such as height keeping in cruise and sea-skimming missiles. Boundaries that were once distinct are now blurred, for example, GPS is likely to play an important role in short-range munitions guided to a terrestrial reference point. SDINS are the bedrock of most sensor suites, here considered in a Master- Slave relationship required for transfer alignment, i.e. the calibration of lowgrade inertial sensors. Although SDINS themselves are not strictly sensors, they integrate the output from inertial sensors and height stabilisation instruments to provide long-term navigation data. FLIR and TIALD can be treated as specific characterisations of the generic seeker model. Fin transducers are part of the autopilot loop closure generating the acceleration demanded by the missile guidance law. They are also required for the pseudo-measurement proposed in §5 for constraining the missile dynamics in the missile observer. §3 starts by describing how to select a sensor measurement suite in the simulation, the activation of each sensor in turn, and how their output at a digital interface is passed to the state observers. The models are designed so that they can be added or removed from the sensor suite at the controller level without interacting with those that remain. The creation of a parallel set of MATLAB sensor models for verification, and to speed up sensor development is briefly introduced before dealing with common error sources. Errors such bias, scale factor and digital interface limitations found in many sensors are treated generically using a functional notation with default values provided in-situ. The characteristics associated with digital input filtering, random noise, 1 st and 2 nd order Gauss-Markov noise, the ZOH and uniform noise resulting from fixed word-length digital processing are explored. 3.14-1
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CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY LEIGH MOODY SE
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ABSTRACT When considering advances
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Contents _ _ LIST OF CONTENTS 1 INT
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Contents _ _ 8.2 The Scope of Moder
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Contents _ _ 17.4 Inertial Velocity
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Tables _ _ LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1
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Figures _ _ LIST OF FIGURES Figure
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Figures _ _ Figure 5-1 : Centralise
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Figures _ _ Figure 19-3 : Air Densi
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Acronyms _ _ Acronyms And Abbreviat
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Acronyms _ _ HDOP - NAVSTAR GPS Hor
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Acronyms _ _ RCS - Radar Cross Sect
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Glossary _ _ GLOSSARY A challenge w
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Glossary _ _ 0.1 Predicate Calculus
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Glossary _ _ ]A,B] Real number rang
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Glossary _ _ 0.9 Matrix Operators [
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Glossary _ _ 0.14.2 Special Vectors
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Glossary _ _ P C a , b ≡ XC YC ZC
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Glossary _ _ V ≡ V : = V • V Th
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Glossary _ _ 0.16.4 Matrix Partitio
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Glossary _ _ Only the subset of qua
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Glossary _ _ 0.19 Systeme Internati
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1 Chapter 1 / Introduction _ _ Chap
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Chapter 1 / Introduction _ _ Wherea
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Chapter 1 / Introduction _ _ • Cr
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Chapter 1 / Introduction _ _ genera
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Chapter 1 / Introduction _ _ radar
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Chapter 1 / Introduction _ _ simple
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Chapter 1 / Introduction _ _ optimi
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Chapter 1 / Introduction _ _ 1.3.9
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2 Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _
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Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _ 2.
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Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _
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Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _ t
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Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _ GO
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Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _
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Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _ VX
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Chapter 2 / Target Modelling _ _ ma
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3 Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ Chapter 3
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ 3.1 Simulat
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ Table 3-4 :
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ Reference D
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ 3.2-9 s s i
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ 3.2-11 t o
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ Figure 3-5
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ Table 3-7 :
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ IF ϕ LIM
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ The phase e
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ Taking expe
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ Expressing
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ INPUT; AA,
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Chapter 3 / Sensors _ _ The functio
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Chapter 3 / Inertial Navigation _ _
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Chapter 3 / Sensors / Gyroscopes _
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Chapter 3 / Sensors / Radar Altimet
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Chapter 3 / Sensors / Radar _ _ 3.8
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Chapter 3 / Sensors / Radar _ _ LF
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Chapter 3 / Sensors / Radar _ _ ( )
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Chapter 3 / Sensors / Radar _ _ S :
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Chapter 3 / Sensors / Radar _ _ SN
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Chapter 3 / Sensors / Radar _ _ 2
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Chapter 3 / Sensors / Radar _ _ ⎛
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Chapter 5 / Missile State Observer
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6 Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ 6.
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ As
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ CD
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ ge
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ &
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ PN
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ of
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ NO
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ η
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ Fo
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Chapter 6 / Missile Guidance _ _ ar
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7 Chapter 7 / Missile Trajectory Op
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Chapter 7 / Missile Trajectory Opti
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8 Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ Chapte
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ 8.1 The
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ 8.3 The
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ Having p
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ 8.5.1 Gl
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ (1) CONS
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ 8.6.2 Ou
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ The file
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ • The
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ comprehe
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ WIN_RATE
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ for this
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ with the
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ Figure 8
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ Table 8-
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Chapter 8 / Simulation _ _ 8.8 Disc
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9 Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ Chapt
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Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ 9.1 Air
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Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ XM ( >
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Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ 9.3 PN
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Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ The eff
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Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ VXMVOM
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Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ VXMVOM
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Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ 9.4 CLO
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Chapter 9 / Performance _ _ AR_BOM
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Chapter 9 / Performance Chapter 9 /
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Initially the position error falls
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values of CN are not always a relia
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crude initialisation introduces err
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9.5.3 Singer Filter Tuning The Sing
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9.6.2 CLOS Study The CLOS study sho
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Chapter 10 / Conclusions _ _ 10-2
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Chapter 10 / Conclusions _ _ 10.3 T
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Chapter 10 / Conclusions _ _ 10.7 M
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Chapter 11 / Future Research _ _ 11
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Chapter 11 / Future Research _ _
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Chapter 11 / Future Research _ _ To
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References _ _ B.4 BAZARAA M.S., SH
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References _ _ F.1 FOX J.E., “A C
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References _ _ H.5 #HULL D.G., RADK
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References _ _ L.2 LOOZE D.P., HSU
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References _ _ N.4 NABAA N., BISHOP
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References _ _ R.3 RUSNACK I., “O
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References _ _ S.15 SINGER R.A.,
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References _ _ Y.2 YUAN P., CHERN J
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Bibliography _ _ B.13 BABA Y., YAMA
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Bibliography _ _ B.40 BECKER J.C.,
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Bibliography _ _ C.33 CORTINA E., O
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Bibliography _ _ E.8 ERSHOV A.A.,
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Bibliography _ _ G.34 GUTMAN P., VE
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Bibliography _ _ H.35 HUSSAIN A.M.,
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Bibliography _ _ K.14 KATZIR S., CL
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Bibliography _ _ L.19 LEFAS C.C,
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Bibliography _ _ M.16 MAYNE D.Q., P
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Bibliography _ _ P.1 PAINTER J.H.,
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Bibliography _ _ R.32 RONG LI X., Z
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Bibliography _ _ S.47 SPEYER J.L.,
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Bibliography _ _ V.5 VIAN J.L., MOO
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Bibliography _ _ W.29 WATSON G.A.,
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Appendix A / Geometric Points _ _ 1
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Appendix A / Geometric Points _ _ 1
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Appendix B / Frames of Reference _
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Appendix C / Axis Transforms _ _ 16
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Appendix C / Axis Transforms _ _ YP
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Appendix C / Axis Transforms _ _ B
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Appendix C / Axis Transforms _ _ YB
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Appendix C / Axis Transforms _ _ Us
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Appendix C / Axis Transforms _ _ No
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Appendix C / Axis Transforms _ _ B
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Appendix C / Axis Transforms _ _
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Appendix D / Point Mass Dynamics _
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ 18-
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ ELL
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ (dx
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ Int
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ 18.
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ 19-
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ P S
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ 19.
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Appendix E / Earth Geometry _ _ ∂
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Appendix G / Gravity _ _ 20-2
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Appendix G / Gravity _ _ g : = g +
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Appendix G / Gravity _ _ d −6 2
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Appendix G / Gravity _ _ 20-8
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Appendix H / Steady State Tracking
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Appendix I / Utilities _ _ 22.1-2
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Appendix I / Utilities _ _ Cartesia
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Appendix I / Utilities _ _ Matrix P
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Appendix I / Utilities _ _ 22.1-8
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