The history of the first locomotives in America. From original ...

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340 HISTOKT OF THE FIRST LOCOMOTIVES IN AMERICA. the twelve Southern States had ten thousand six hundred and ninety-three miles, and the three Pacific States had eight hundred and eighty-nine miles of road. Pennsylvania was the ' banner State as to railroad mileage—Shaving four thousand three hundred and ninety-eight miles on January 1, 1869. Illinois stood next on the list, having three thousand four hundred and forty miles ; and Ohio and New York -were ahout equal, each having about three thousand four hundred miles. In proportion to the number of square miles of territory, Massachusetts was far in advance of any other State, having one thousand four hundred and fifty miles of road to seven thousand eight hundred square miles, or an average of one mile of road to every five hundred and forty-seven square miles—a ratio which, if extended to the whole United States, would give six hundred thousand miles of railway. The cost of aU these roads, as compiled at the close of 1868, was set down in round numbers at $1,850,000,000. Add the cost of the roads completed in 1869, at an average of forty-four thousand dollars per mile, and we have a total cost of $2,070,000,000, an amount nearly equal to the national debt. The aggregate tonnage of these roads in 1868 was about seventy-five million tons, valued at $10,472,250,000. This Is equal to about six times their cost, and would pay four such national debts as the country now owes. " The year 1870 opens with an exceedingly brilliant promise for railway progress. The American Hailroad Journal for December 25, 1869, informs us that about three hundred enter- prises of this character are now under way, and that in the course of the next two or three years they will be completed, adding some fifteen thousand miles more to the railroads of this country, to say nothing of others to be undertaken during this period. Some of these roads are hundreds of miles in length, tapping fertile and rich districts of country, bringing them within easy reach of the great markets of the land, leading to a very rapid increase of population, and adding millions upon millions to the wealth of the nation. " Commissioner "Wells, in his recent report, observes : ' ' If it is assumed that a line of railway gives access to fifteen square miles of country on each side of it, or thirty square miles altogether, then the thirteen thousand miles of railway which it is estimated have been constructed during the five years from 1865 to 1870 will have opened up three hundred and ninety thousand miles of what, for the purposes of general production, may be considered new Digitized by Microsoft®
PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE. 341 territory—a tract of country larger than the whole area of France, and nearly three and a half times larger than the whole area of Great Britain.' " Not only in the item of mileage, but also in construction and accommodation, has there heen a great progress in our railway system. Much better roads are being built than were formerlydeemed necessary. Steel rails are taking the place of iron rails. The roads are much better equipped than formerly ; more safe- guards are provided against accidents, and fewer accidents occur in proportion to the amount of travel. Railway capitalists have discovered the folly and poor economy of hasty and imperfect construction, which, though cheaper af first, is more costly in the end. The multiplication of roads and their healthy competition with each other, have had a tendency to reduce their rates of fare and freight charges, and in this way serve the interest of the commu- nity. Indeed, all the facts and statistics of the great railway in- terests of the country greet the new year with an exceedingly in- viting prospect for the future. ' The progress of the past, wonderful as it seems, will be entirely eclipsed by that of the next forty years." The July num'ber of Lvppincotis Magazine gives another encouraging view of the future prospects of business and commerce from the progress of the railroad system, now daily verified, thus : " FuTUEE OP THE Lake Teade.—The time is not far distant when vessels laden with minerals from the Lake Superior mines, Iowa, Dakota, and all the Northwestern States, even from California, will pass through Lake Superior City, Duluth, and other ports, direct to Liverpool, England. And the sight of this is not going to be reserved for the next generation ; we are going to see it, and right soon. A net-Avork of railways will soon spread over this vast territory, from Lake Superior to the Pacific coast, and towns and cities rise along eveiy line, " The St. Paul and Pacific Kailroad is now penetrating toward Lake Winnipeg, into Selkirk settlement, where the fires of revolu- tion have recently kindled. The Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad will soon unite the IMississippi River and Lake Superior. The Northern Pacific Railroad Company are at peesent vigorously pushing their road from Duluth to the Red River, at the western 10 Digitized by Microsoft®
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Vi PREFACE. of this nation will be
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viii CONTENTS. CHAP. SI.—COMPETIT
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X CONTENTS. XXXVm.—ADDITIONAL LET
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10 HISTOET OF THE FIRST LOCOMOTITES
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13 HISTORY OF THE JFIEST LOCOMOTIVE
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14 HISTORY OP THE FIEST LOCOMOTIVES
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16 HISTOET OF THE FIRST LOCOMOTIVES
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18 HISTORY OF THE FIRST LOCOMOTIVES
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20 HISTOKT OF THE TIRST LOCOMOTIVES
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23 HISTOEY OP THE FIRST LOCOMOTIVES
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24 HISTORY OF THE FIKST LOCOMOTIVES
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30 HISTOET OF THE FIRST LOCOMOTIVES
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32 HISTOEY OF THE FIKST LOCOMOTIVES
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34 HISTORY OF THE FIRST LOCOMOTITES
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38 HISTORY OF THE FIKST LOCOMOTIYES
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40 HISTORT OF THE FIRST LOCOMOTIVES
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44 HISTOKT OF THE FIRST LOCOMOTIVES
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46 HISTORY OP THE FIRST LOCOMOTIVES
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53 HISTORY or THE FIRST LOCOMOTIVES
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54 BISTORT or THE FIRST LOCOMOTIVES
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63 HISTOKT OF THE FIKST LOCOMOTIVES
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128 HISTORY OF THE PIRST LOCOMOTIVE
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148 HISTOET OP THE FIEST LOCOMOTITE
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150 HISTOKT OF THE HKST LOCOMOTIVES
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154 HISTOKT OF THE FIBST LOCOMOTIVE
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156 HISTOET OF THE FIRST LOCOMOTIVE
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jocomotive built in tlie United Sta
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163 HISTORY OF THE FIRST JLOCOMOTIV
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188 fflSTORT OP THE FIRST LOCOMOTIV
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