Title: Alternative Sweeteners

392 Buck
Table 1 Market Division between 42 and 55% HFCS
Year % 42% HFCS % 55% HFCS
1978 88 12
1979 78 22
1980 67 33
1981 57 43
1982 50 50
1983 45 55
1984 40 60
1985 36 64
1986 35 65
1987 35 65
1988 38 62
1989 40 60
1990 41 59
1991 41 59
1992 42 58
1993 41 59
1994 40 60
1995 39 61
1996 38 62
1997 37 63
1998 36 64
1999 36 64
Source: USDA Economic Research Service.
market breakdown for the two major HFCS products. HFCS has matured to the
point that growth is a function of increased population consumption of food products
and not on penetration of new markets. Table 2 shows major events leading
to the maturity of HFCS in the United States, and Fig. 1 depicts the growth in
pounds.
Although corn is an economical and abundant source of starch for the manufacture
of HFCS, the technology for the manufacture of high fructose syrups
(HFS) is applicable to starch sources other than corn. For all practical purposes
properties are identical, and the remainder of this chapter will refer to that product
made from cornstarch, which is such an important part of the U.S. food chain.
Estimated world consumption of HFS is shown in Table 3.
Most of this chapter will deal with the common commercial products 42
and 55% HFCS. Commercial products with higher levels of fructose (80, 90 and
95% HFCS) are available but in limited commercial supply compared with the
widespread use of 42 and 55% HFCS. Because of the high level of fructose,