Title: Alternative Sweeteners

High Fructose Corn Syrup 393
Table 2 Brief History of HFCS
1957 Patent by Marshall and Kooi disclosed a microbial enzyme capable of
isomerizing dextrose to fructose.
1964 Clinton Corn Processing Company started work to commercialize a
process.
1965 Clinton Corn initiated work with Japanese Agency of Industrial Science
and Technology to commercialize process.
1967 First commercial shipment of HFCS by Clinton Corn was 15% fructose
and was made by batch system using soluble glucose isomerase.
1968 First commercial shipment of 42% HFCS by Clinton Corn batch process
and with both soluble and insoluble isomerase.
1972 Clinton Corn brought on stream first continuous plant using immobilized
enzyme.
May 1978 First large-scale 90% HFCS plant by Archer Daniels Midland. Permitted
volume production of 55% HFCS.
Jan. 1980 HFCS approved as 50% of the sweetener in brand Coca-Cola.
Apr. 1983 HFCS approved as 50% of the sweetener in brand Pepsi Cola.
Nov. 1984 100% level of 55% HFCS approved for both brands.
Figure 1 United States shipments of HFCS. (From USDA data.)