The Upper Tisa Valley. Preparatory proposal for Ramsay

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Figure 3 The Szatmári Plain and the Latorcai Basin Caption 1 Mountains2 Regions at the foot of mountains To sum up, what is dealt with here is mountains with very simple structure, because apart from the rudimentary cliff belt they only consist of a volcanic belt within a sandstone belt. Parts of the volcanic belt are the Vihorlat, the Sinjak, the Diel, the Vinovgradiv Mountains and the Oaş-Ighiş-Gutâi Mountains range. Between the Oaş-Ighiş-Gutâi Mountains volcanic mountains on one side and the sandstone belt of the Maramuresh Alps together with the mountain range in Pop- Ivan consisting of emerging crystalline rocks on the other side, lies the Maramuresh 138
Basin filled with Tertiary layers. Finally, we must also mention that along an imaginary curved line connecting the southern part of the Eperjes-Tokaj Mountains (Zemplén Mt.) with approximately the middle of the Vihorlat-Gutâi (M. Gutâiului) range, there are some individual small mountains emerging from under the Quaternary strata of the northeastern bay of the Great Plain. Intense volcanic activity in the Tertiary was an outgrowth of the fragmentation of the Tisia. There was significant volcanic activity along the main faults, especially at the edges of the massively subsided large basins along the Great Plain. Volcanic ash cemented into tuff and lava alternately accumulated one layer on top of the other, thus volcanic mountains came into existence. That was a long and resurgent process, so it partially settled on sediments already from the Tertiary. Volcanic masses covered by the youngest Tertiary strata were multiply traversed by faults. The bulk of the eruptions took place in the first part of the Upper Tertiary, the Miocene; their product is mainly andesite, whereas it is chiefly rhyolite in the east. In some places volcanism created fairly shapely mountains, most of which, however, are now in ruins having been the victims of eroding forces. Only the highest tops reach above 1000 m, the average altitude is about 800-900 m. The forms are subdued and gentle, their mildness or sharpness depends on the rock composition, the alternation of soft tuff and hard lava. The first member of the range is the 1074 m high Vihorlat between the Uzh Valley and the Laborec Valley. It is separated from the Eperjes-Tokaj volcanic range by the wide valley entrance of the rivers Ondava and Laborc. In the collapsed, therefore caldera-like hollow of the volcanic cone is Szinnai Lake, at an altitude of 619 m. The Uzh Valley and the Latorica Valley embrace the mass of the Sinjak (1014 m); the Latorica Valley and the Borzhava Valley enclose the mass of Veliki-Diel (1068 m). Its tuff slope in the southwest spreads widely towards Beregova. The volcanic range of the Vinovgradiv Mountains (Salanki Mt., 372 m; Chorna Gora 568 m; Tupij Mt. 878 m) extends as far as the valley of River Tisa. With it the volcanic range leaves behind the sandstone belt, and at the southwestern edge of the Maramuresh Basin, on the left of the Tisa valley its next members emerge: the 805 m high Oaş and the 1307 m high Ighiş. Its further extension is the shapely, 1447 m high Gutâi with the final member of the range being the 1842 m high cone of the Ţibles. Its southern slopes dip as far as the Transylvanian Basin. The present-day mountain range of the Upper Tisa river system also belongs partly to the ancient mountain belt. Its mountainous character is due to Tertiary faults, or more precisely to the circumstance that its environs subsided deeper along the faults. The parts with greater subsidence - basins of various sizes - were flooded by the Tertiary sea. In some of them we can find sediments of the Lower Tertiary, whereas in the Great Plain only that of the Upper Tertiary, exclusively at the edges and in faults. In the Northeastern Carpathian system the sandstone belt is the widest, but not the highest. For instance, in the northwest the width of the sandstone belt reaches 50 km and in the northeast it even exceeds 100 km. Since the multi-stage event of folding, the intensely eroding sandstone belt has experienced crust movements many times: some of its clods broken into large pieces 139
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TISCIA monograph series The Upper T
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TISCIA monograph series 1. J. Hamar
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The Upper Tisa Valley Preparatory p
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Foreword The basic obligations of t
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The Upper Tisa Valley Preparatory p
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Date: September 28, 1998 Country: U
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River Chorna Tisa rises in the nort
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formed here, which, along with the
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«Radyansky Karpaty» - a forest re
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- the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve
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Aspleniaceae Asplenium adiantum-nig
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S. fluviatilis Wallb. S. fuchsii Gm
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Phyteuma orbiculare l. Ph. spicatum
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E. intersita Zinserl. E. palustris
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Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schr
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Marsileaceae Marsilea quadrifolia L
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Phleum alpinum L. Ph. hirsutum Honc
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A. subcrenata Bus. A. szaferi Pawl.
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Rh. serotinus (Schoenh.) Oborny Rh.
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Epilobietalia fleischeri Moor 58 Ep
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Caricion gracilis Neuhäusl 59 em.
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Alysso-Sedetalia Moravec 67 Alysso
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Piceetalia excelsae Pawłowski in P
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are mainly useful, since they consu
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52 area, categorized as oligothroph
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Physical features: within the bound
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The depth of River Tisa is 1.8 - 2.
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forests. Today these forests are in
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As to the fishes, 33 species have b
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Lasting until the end of December t
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Works of consolidation were no long
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- Scientists (researchers, museum s
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-the mayoralties of Remeţi, Săpâ
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Appendix List of Vertebrates Confir
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Columba palumbus palumbus (L.) 1758
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Calidris minuta (Leisl.) 1812 - Lit
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Chart 8. Ligneous Plants from the U
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Date: September 23, 1996 Country: U
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Down from the town of Hust River Ti
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island forests and basins attached
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of that flood. A furniture factory
Page 89 and 90: programme, in accordance with which
Page 91 and 92: Krocsko Gy. - Krocsko L.: Leafy for
Page 93 and 94: Pisces Acipenseridae Salmonidae Thy
Page 95 and 96: A. albifrons Scop. Pica pica L. A.
Page 97 and 98: Conservation measures Characteristi
Page 99: Carpathians’ fauna: its present s
Page 102 and 103: Physical features: The site is a ba
Page 104 and 105: 102 Agriculture, mainly with fast-g
Page 107 and 108: Date: October 20, 1996 Country: Hun
Page 109 and 110: Salix eleagnos Iris pseudacorus Leu
Page 111: Current scientific research and fac
Page 114 and 115: 112 represented by subcontinental c
Page 116 and 117: Current recreation and tourism: The
Page 118 and 119: 116 The amount of yearly precipitat
Page 120 and 121: 118 References: BOGOLY, J.: Király
Page 122 and 123: 120 incision characteristics, with
Page 124 and 125: 122 Agriculture, mainly with fast-g
Page 127: The Upper Tisa Valley Ecological ba
Page 130 and 131: 128 Figure 1
Page 132 and 133: Site 3 Situated on River Bila Tisa,
Page 134 and 135: Table 1. Median grain size of sedim
Page 137 and 138: Hydrogeographical features of the U
Page 139: Figure 2 A schematic geological map
Page 143 and 144: their mass is concerned, because th
Page 145 and 146: Figure 6. Schematic valley length s
Page 147 and 148: Figure 8. Distribution of precipita
Page 149 and 150: Figure 10 Annual mean values of pre
Page 151 and 152: Figure 12 Monthly mean values of pr
Page 153 and 154: turn, may cause inestimable floodin
Page 155 and 156: Figure 14. A map of the density of
Page 157 and 158: Figure 15 The catchment area of Riv
Page 159 and 160: Figure 16 Terraces of the mountain-
Page 161 and 162: Anyhow, terraces are important comp
Page 163 and 164: Figure 17 A schematic delineation o
Page 165 and 166: high hilly region. Its rock composi
Page 167 and 168: Figure 18 Changes of the beds of Ri
Page 169 and 170: Figure 20. Average potential evapot
Page 171 and 172: Figure 21. Forest cover of the Uppe
Page 173 and 174: The floristic distribution of the v
Page 175 and 176: Reconstruction of flora, soil and l
Page 177 and 178: Fig.1. The geographical region with
Page 179 and 180: The climate in this region has a st
Page 181 and 182: Fig.6. Location of coring site, Csa
Page 183 and 184: The next sediment layer is 298-234
Page 185 and 186: Fig.7B. Physical characteristics an
Page 187 and 188: other hand the low Sr:Ba ratio indi
Page 189 and 190: after approximately 9200 BP. The sp
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Radiocarbon analysis Four evenly sp
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Fig.9. Percentage pollen and charco
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Fig.10. Archaeological findspots ar
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Fig.11. Archaeological findspots ar
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Fig.12. Fig.10. Archaeological find
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Quercus/Ulmus/Corylus/Tilia/Fraxinu
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Edwards, K.J. 1982: Man, space and
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Sherratt, A. 1982a: The development
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Appeal to the participants of the S
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Conception for the regeneration of
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Grounds for Application The crisis-
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Table 2. Carpathian Forest Research
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from the Carpathian Biosphere Reser
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Tisa, especially in the dead branch
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Marsileaceae 7. Marsilea quadrifoli
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61. Saxifraga stellaris L.; BT (32)
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114. Andromeda polifolia L.;CT (!);
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158. Sambucus ebulus L.;UT (11); H,
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210. Iris sibirica L.; UT (28,32);
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266. Carex davalliana Sm.; BT (32,!
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Isoëto-nanojuncetea Br. -Bl. et Tx
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68. Frangulo-Salicetum cinereae Mal
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(P. 8.) Equisetum arvense L. 1753,
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(50) Ranunculus sardous Cr. 1763, H
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(231) Rosa afzeliana = dumalis Bech
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(395) Lathyrus tuberosus L. 1753, H
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(463) Parthenocissus inserta (Kern.
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(573) Galium mollugo L. 1753 et. G.
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Callitrichaceae (686) Callitriche p
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(784) Prunella vulgaris L. 1753, HT
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(894) Veronica prostrata L. 1753, H
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(1079) Rorippa X astylis (Rchb. 183
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(1222) Pulicaria dysenterica (L. 17
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(1385) Mycelis muralis (L. 1753 sub
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(1544) Chenopodium strictum Roth 18
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260 Salicetum triandrae, Glycyrrhiz
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(1730) Allium oleraceum L. 1753, HT
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(1903) Carex praecox Schreb. 1771,
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ass., Bidentetea, Echinochloo-Polyg
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- Lemno-spirodeletum W. Koch 1954,
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- Rudbeckio-Solidaginetum Tx. et Ra
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Simon, T. (1952): Montán elemek az
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etc.), H. Zapalowicz (1889; etc.),
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Figure1. Map of studied area 276 Re
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Alps. This index is twice as low fo
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B. virginianum (B. virginianum subs
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F.drymeja (F. montana) - RRL (IV) F
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Myricaria germanica (Tamarix german
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S. hispanicum (S. glaucum) - RRL (I
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Salicetum retuso-reticulatae Br.-Bl
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Domin, K. (1929 -1931): Schedae ad
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Stojko, S.- Hadaè, E.- Simon, T.-
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side tributaries of River Tisa (spe
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forests and all along the riverbed
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Porphyrellus pseudoscaber (Secr.) S
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mushrooms of the Upper Lăpuş) - T
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302
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304
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306
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Water developments and their impact
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Solovka and elsewhere with over 40
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ing dyke. Further flood defences ar
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Figure 3. The Tur/Túr catchment, f
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The impacts of the Călineşti Oaş
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Figure 5. The Crasna/Kraszna catchm
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Reservoirs Following the large floo
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Figure 7. Increase of the annual mi
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Climate and hydrology are influence
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long and 23 m high consists of a 11
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the ratio of the monthly highest an
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Groundwaters From the viewpoint of
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e wider than 100 fold (Figure 12.).
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water. The levels of total nitrogen
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the 1993 December flood on the Uppe
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Chemical water quality of the upper
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General features Results and evalua
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Figure 7. Concentrations of differe
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Figure 10. Iron and manganese conce
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Table 2. Besides aluminium and merc
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Hygienic bacteriological valuation
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Table 2. Results of the bacteriolog
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References Csépai F.(1995): Data o
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356 Material and methods Samples we
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358 References Ádámosi et al. (19
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Table 1. continued 360
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During the summer and autumn journe
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Hungarian area of River Tisa 80 spe
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Table 3. Average hydrobiological pa
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Table 5. Average hydrobiological pa
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It is necessary to note that it is
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Table 7. Saprobiological characteri
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In practice, results of classificat
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conservation of the Carpathians bio
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Table 1. continue 378
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Table 1. continue 382 Notes: Pl - p
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with stagnant water, which were ass
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Monchenko V.I. (1983): Noviye dlia
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Table continue 388
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Table continue 390
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Zooplankton investigations in the U
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Fig. 1. Number of Rotatoria species
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References Bancsi I. 1986.: A kerek
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402 Figure 1. Sampling places
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The species richness of chironomids
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A study of aquatic molluscs in the
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Table 1. Distribution of mollusc sp
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Some considerations about the rheop
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The main types of benthic associati
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The high flood of the waters in the
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References Barbosa, F.A.R., Găldea
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421
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423
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1998). Besides, Ujhelyi (1971) also
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Table 1. (B) Synopsis of the Tricho
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432 1. Distribution of some species
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Figure 3. Activity graph of six cad
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436 3. Transformation of Trichopter
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Fish fauna of the Upper Tisa Ákos
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Fam. Acipenseridae 2. Ship Acipense
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We observed this species downstream
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Fam. Siluridae 43. Sheatfish Siluru
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57. Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (Li
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In addition to zonation, another si
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River Danube which is probaly why t
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Table: Fishes of the Upper Tisa 453
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Data to the fish fauna of River Tis
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were put back to the water after id
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600. - Tisza-Gravel-pit pond (Milot
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Szamos (Vásárosnamény): 05.07.19
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31. Pseudorasbora parva Schlegel, 1
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46. Salmo trutta m. fario Linnaeus,
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56. Zingel zingel Linnaeus, 1758 Sz
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Dévai, Gy., Miskolczi, M., Tóth,
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Biogeographical characterisation of
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in the lack of sufficient data abou
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on the flood plain. In Bagiszeg Per
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References Bába K. (1969): Die Mal
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480 Carychium minimum (Müller, 177
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Thus, based on staying vs. migratin
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484 Table1. Species composition and
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486 Table 1. continue
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Vertebrates of the Subcarpathian se
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are active from March to November.
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Mammals/Mammalia Insectivores/Insec
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are active at nightfall and at nigh
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Artiodactyla. The roebuck sheds its
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newly planted forests and nurseries
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Contents Preface...................
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The Upper Tisa Valley. Preparatory proposal for Ramsay

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