The Upper Tisa Valley. Preparatory proposal for Ramsay

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Copper Age cultures (Figs. 11, 12) settled in the Csaroda region (Bognár-Kutzián, 1963, 1966, 1972, Kalicz, 1994, Kalicz-Raczky, 1984, 1987, Korek, 1989). This activity must have released Cu particles into the atmosphere, which could be carried into the basin by rainwater (Willis et al. 1995). Copper data from Nyíres-tó, together with earlier geochemical records from an other catchment basin at Bátorliget (Willis et al. 1995) suggest that copper mining and melting started in the northeastern part of Carpathian Basin in the Late Neolithic Age. Parallel with the rise of copper contents, vegetation was still predominantly wooded but suffered disturbances by fire which caused stress in the forest (Harrington, 1995). The composition of the forest was similar to the previous woodland phase but Ulmus (elm) was gradually declining in abundance. In many areas of northwest Europe the decline of elm coincided broadly with the first signs of human activity between about 5300 and 5000 BP (Bell-Walker, 1992). Some researchers argued that elm decline was caused by the advent of the new Neolithic agricultural economy (Troels-Smith, 1960, Mitchell, 1956, Rackham, 1980, 1986), while recent ecological data suggest that a disease could be the cause of the Ulmus decline (Rackham, 1980, 1986). Thus, the exact cause of elm decrease commencing in this region in the Late Neolithic/Early Copper Age is unknown. At approximately 3500 cal. BC the structure of the woodland transformed once again with a large reduction in the diversity of the woodland and with an increase of open ground herbaceous (e.g. Umbelliferae, Compositae) types usually associated with anthropogenic activity. Woodland instability manifests in the declines of Quercus, Ulmus, Corylus (Harrington, 1995) which may be attributable to anthropogenic disturbance (Aaby, 1986), to a form of arboriculture of building (Huttunen et al. 1992). Wood from oak and hazel, for example, are particularly processible as building material (Rackham, 1980). The general rise in Non Arbor Pollen taxa correlates with some charcoal peaks. Charcoal concentration increased to a maximum at this time suggesting that anthropogenic activity was occurring in the form of clearance by burning and exterminating natural vegetation. According to archaeological data a peak of settlement number and an occupation maximum formed around Nyíres-tó (Table 1, Figs. 11, 12) from the Late Copper Age to the Middle Bronze Age. The lack of evidence for soil erosion during this period indicates that either these activities were not occurring in the catchment basin or the nature of anthropogenic activities was such that they did not cause soil degradation. Possible forest clearance may have aimed at increasing the hunting potential on ungulates or at ensuring better possibilities for the grazing of domestic animals (Simmons, 1969). This region, firstly the backswamp areas which can be found behind the levees of the infilled river channel, may have provided vast open grounds for animal husbandry including horse breeding, from the Early Bronze Age. However, there is still no evidence for large-scale cereal cultivation or large open lands for animal keeping, as opposed to other diagrams in central and southern Europe of this time (Willis, 1994, 1996, Willis-Bennett, 1994). From the Middle Bronze Age the composition of the woodland changed and a considerable increase of Alnus, Carpinus betulus and Fagus is detected. The expansion of these tree taxa indicate that high degree of clearing activity and human disturbance (Bjorkman-Bradshaw, 1996) started on the low floodplains (Behre, 1988, Willis, 1992). Some authors argued that the rise of these taxa can be correlated with human 196
Fig.12. Fig.10. Archaeological findspots around the Csaroda peat bog from Late Copper Age until Middle Bronze Age. 197
Page 1:
TISCIA monograph series The Upper T
Page 4 and 5:
TISCIA monograph series 1. J. Hamar
Page 6 and 7:
The Upper Tisa Valley Preparatory p
Page 9 and 10:
Foreword The basic obligations of t
Page 11:
The Upper Tisa Valley Preparatory p
Page 15 and 16:
Date: September 28, 1998 Country: U
Page 17 and 18:
River Chorna Tisa rises in the nort
Page 19 and 20:
formed here, which, along with the
Page 21 and 22:
«Radyansky Karpaty» - a forest re
Page 23:
- the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve
Page 26 and 27:
Aspleniaceae Asplenium adiantum-nig
Page 28 and 29:
S. fluviatilis Wallb. S. fuchsii Gm
Page 30 and 31:
Phyteuma orbiculare l. Ph. spicatum
Page 32 and 33:
E. intersita Zinserl. E. palustris
Page 34 and 35:
Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schr
Page 36 and 37:
Marsileaceae Marsilea quadrifolia L
Page 38 and 39:
Phleum alpinum L. Ph. hirsutum Honc
Page 40 and 41:
A. subcrenata Bus. A. szaferi Pawl.
Page 42 and 43:
Rh. serotinus (Schoenh.) Oborny Rh.
Page 44 and 45:
Epilobietalia fleischeri Moor 58 Ep
Page 46 and 47:
Caricion gracilis Neuhäusl 59 em.
Page 48 and 49:
Alysso-Sedetalia Moravec 67 Alysso
Page 50 and 51:
Piceetalia excelsae Pawłowski in P
Page 52 and 53:
are mainly useful, since they consu
Page 54 and 55:
52 area, categorized as oligothroph
Page 56 and 57:
Physical features: within the bound
Page 59 and 60:
The depth of River Tisa is 1.8 - 2.
Page 61 and 62:
forests. Today these forests are in
Page 63 and 64:
As to the fishes, 33 species have b
Page 65 and 66:
Lasting until the end of December t
Page 67 and 68:
Works of consolidation were no long
Page 69 and 70:
- Scientists (researchers, museum s
Page 71 and 72:
-the mayoralties of Remeţi, Săpâ
Page 73 and 74:
Appendix List of Vertebrates Confir
Page 75 and 76:
Columba palumbus palumbus (L.) 1758
Page 77 and 78:
Calidris minuta (Leisl.) 1812 - Lit
Page 79 and 80:
Chart 8. Ligneous Plants from the U
Page 81 and 82:
Date: September 23, 1996 Country: U
Page 83 and 84:
Down from the town of Hust River Ti
Page 85 and 86:
island forests and basins attached
Page 87 and 88:
of that flood. A furniture factory
Page 89 and 90:
programme, in accordance with which
Page 91 and 92:
Krocsko Gy. - Krocsko L.: Leafy for
Page 93 and 94:
Pisces Acipenseridae Salmonidae Thy
Page 95 and 96:
A. albifrons Scop. Pica pica L. A.
Page 97 and 98:
Conservation measures Characteristi
Page 99:
Carpathians’ fauna: its present s
Page 102 and 103:
Physical features: The site is a ba
Page 104 and 105:
102 Agriculture, mainly with fast-g
Page 107 and 108:
Date: October 20, 1996 Country: Hun
Page 109 and 110:
Salix eleagnos Iris pseudacorus Leu
Page 111:
Current scientific research and fac
Page 114 and 115:
112 represented by subcontinental c
Page 116 and 117:
Current recreation and tourism: The
Page 118 and 119:
116 The amount of yearly precipitat
Page 120 and 121:
118 References: BOGOLY, J.: Király
Page 122 and 123:
120 incision characteristics, with
Page 124 and 125:
122 Agriculture, mainly with fast-g
Page 127:
The Upper Tisa Valley Ecological ba
Page 130 and 131:
128 Figure 1
Page 132 and 133:
Site 3 Situated on River Bila Tisa,
Page 134 and 135:
Table 1. Median grain size of sedim
Page 137 and 138:
Hydrogeographical features of the U
Page 139 and 140:
Figure 2 A schematic geological map
Page 141 and 142:
Basin filled with Tertiary layers.
Page 143 and 144:
their mass is concerned, because th
Page 145 and 146:
Figure 6. Schematic valley length s
Page 147 and 148: Figure 8. Distribution of precipita
Page 149 and 150: Figure 10 Annual mean values of pre
Page 151 and 152: Figure 12 Monthly mean values of pr
Page 153 and 154: turn, may cause inestimable floodin
Page 155 and 156: Figure 14. A map of the density of
Page 157 and 158: Figure 15 The catchment area of Riv
Page 159 and 160: Figure 16 Terraces of the mountain-
Page 161 and 162: Anyhow, terraces are important comp
Page 163 and 164: Figure 17 A schematic delineation o
Page 165 and 166: high hilly region. Its rock composi
Page 167 and 168: Figure 18 Changes of the beds of Ri
Page 169 and 170: Figure 20. Average potential evapot
Page 171 and 172: Figure 21. Forest cover of the Uppe
Page 173 and 174: The floristic distribution of the v
Page 175 and 176: Reconstruction of flora, soil and l
Page 177 and 178: Fig.1. The geographical region with
Page 179 and 180: The climate in this region has a st
Page 181 and 182: Fig.6. Location of coring site, Csa
Page 183 and 184: The next sediment layer is 298-234
Page 185 and 186: Fig.7B. Physical characteristics an
Page 187 and 188: other hand the low Sr:Ba ratio indi
Page 189 and 190: after approximately 9200 BP. The sp
Page 191 and 192: Radiocarbon analysis Four evenly sp
Page 193 and 194: Fig.9. Percentage pollen and charco
Page 195 and 196: Fig.10. Archaeological findspots ar
Page 197: Fig.11. Archaeological findspots ar
Page 201 and 202: Quercus/Ulmus/Corylus/Tilia/Fraxinu
Page 203 and 204: Edwards, K.J. 1982: Man, space and
Page 205 and 206: Sherratt, A. 1982a: The development
Page 207 and 208: Appeal to the participants of the S
Page 209 and 210: Conception for the regeneration of
Page 211 and 212: Grounds for Application The crisis-
Page 213: Table 2. Carpathian Forest Research
Page 216 and 217: from the Carpathian Biosphere Reser
Page 218 and 219: Tisa, especially in the dead branch
Page 220 and 221: Marsileaceae 7. Marsilea quadrifoli
Page 222 and 223: 61. Saxifraga stellaris L.; BT (32)
Page 224 and 225: 114. Andromeda polifolia L.;CT (!);
Page 226 and 227: 158. Sambucus ebulus L.;UT (11); H,
Page 228 and 229: 210. Iris sibirica L.; UT (28,32);
Page 230 and 231: 266. Carex davalliana Sm.; BT (32,!
Page 232 and 233: Isoëto-nanojuncetea Br. -Bl. et Tx
Page 234 and 235: 68. Frangulo-Salicetum cinereae Mal
Page 236 and 237: (P. 8.) Equisetum arvense L. 1753,
Page 238 and 239: (50) Ranunculus sardous Cr. 1763, H
Page 240 and 241: (231) Rosa afzeliana = dumalis Bech
Page 242 and 243: (395) Lathyrus tuberosus L. 1753, H
Page 244 and 245: (463) Parthenocissus inserta (Kern.
Page 246 and 247: (573) Galium mollugo L. 1753 et. G.
Page 248 and 249:
Callitrichaceae (686) Callitriche p
Page 250 and 251:
(784) Prunella vulgaris L. 1753, HT
Page 252 and 253:
(894) Veronica prostrata L. 1753, H
Page 254 and 255:
(1079) Rorippa X astylis (Rchb. 183
Page 256 and 257:
(1222) Pulicaria dysenterica (L. 17
Page 258 and 259:
(1385) Mycelis muralis (L. 1753 sub
Page 260 and 261:
(1544) Chenopodium strictum Roth 18
Page 262 and 263:
260 Salicetum triandrae, Glycyrrhiz
Page 264 and 265:
(1730) Allium oleraceum L. 1753, HT
Page 266 and 267:
(1903) Carex praecox Schreb. 1771,
Page 268 and 269:
ass., Bidentetea, Echinochloo-Polyg
Page 270 and 271:
- Lemno-spirodeletum W. Koch 1954,
Page 272 and 273:
- Rudbeckio-Solidaginetum Tx. et Ra
Page 274 and 275:
Simon, T. (1952): Montán elemek az
Page 276 and 277:
etc.), H. Zapalowicz (1889; etc.),
Page 278 and 279:
Figure1. Map of studied area 276 Re
Page 280 and 281:
Alps. This index is twice as low fo
Page 282 and 283:
B. virginianum (B. virginianum subs
Page 284 and 285:
F.drymeja (F. montana) - RRL (IV) F
Page 286 and 287:
Myricaria germanica (Tamarix german
Page 288 and 289:
S. hispanicum (S. glaucum) - RRL (I
Page 290 and 291:
Salicetum retuso-reticulatae Br.-Bl
Page 292 and 293:
Domin, K. (1929 -1931): Schedae ad
Page 294 and 295:
Stojko, S.- Hadaè, E.- Simon, T.-
Page 296 and 297:
side tributaries of River Tisa (spe
Page 298 and 299:
forests and all along the riverbed
Page 300 and 301:
Porphyrellus pseudoscaber (Secr.) S
Page 302 and 303:
mushrooms of the Upper Lăpuş) - T
Page 304 and 305:
302
Page 306 and 307:
304
Page 308 and 309:
306
Page 311 and 312:
Water developments and their impact
Page 313 and 314:
Solovka and elsewhere with over 40
Page 315 and 316:
ing dyke. Further flood defences ar
Page 317 and 318:
Figure 3. The Tur/Túr catchment, f
Page 319 and 320:
The impacts of the Călineşti Oaş
Page 321 and 322:
Figure 5. The Crasna/Kraszna catchm
Page 323 and 324:
Reservoirs Following the large floo
Page 325 and 326:
Figure 7. Increase of the annual mi
Page 327 and 328:
Climate and hydrology are influence
Page 329 and 330:
long and 23 m high consists of a 11
Page 331 and 332:
the ratio of the monthly highest an
Page 333 and 334:
Groundwaters From the viewpoint of
Page 335 and 336:
e wider than 100 fold (Figure 12.).
Page 337 and 338:
water. The levels of total nitrogen
Page 339 and 340:
the 1993 December flood on the Uppe
Page 341 and 342:
Chemical water quality of the upper
Page 343 and 344:
General features Results and evalua
Page 345 and 346:
Figure 7. Concentrations of differe
Page 347 and 348:
Figure 10. Iron and manganese conce
Page 349 and 350:
Table 2. Besides aluminium and merc
Page 351 and 352:
Hygienic bacteriological valuation
Page 353 and 354:
Table 2. Results of the bacteriolog
Page 355:
References Csépai F.(1995): Data o
Page 358 and 359:
356 Material and methods Samples we
Page 360 and 361:
358 References Ádámosi et al. (19
Page 362 and 363:
Table 1. continued 360
Page 364 and 365:
During the summer and autumn journe
Page 366 and 367:
Hungarian area of River Tisa 80 spe
Page 368 and 369:
Table 3. Average hydrobiological pa
Page 370 and 371:
Table 5. Average hydrobiological pa
Page 372 and 373:
It is necessary to note that it is
Page 374 and 375:
Table 7. Saprobiological characteri
Page 376 and 377:
In practice, results of classificat
Page 378 and 379:
conservation of the Carpathians bio
Page 380 and 381:
Table 1. continue 378
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Table 1. continue 382 Notes: Pl - p
Page 386 and 387:
with stagnant water, which were ass
Page 388 and 389:
Monchenko V.I. (1983): Noviye dlia
Page 390 and 391:
Table continue 388
Page 392 and 393:
Table continue 390
Page 395 and 396:
Zooplankton investigations in the U
Page 397 and 398:
Fig. 1. Number of Rotatoria species
Page 399 and 400:
References Bancsi I. 1986.: A kerek
Page 401:
Page 404 and 405:
402 Figure 1. Sampling places
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
The species richness of chironomids
Page 411 and 412:
A study of aquatic molluscs in the
Page 413 and 414:
Table 1. Distribution of mollusc sp
Page 415 and 416:
Some considerations about the rheop
Page 417 and 418:
The main types of benthic associati
Page 419 and 420:
The high flood of the waters in the
Page 421 and 422:
References Barbosa, F.A.R., Găldea
Page 423 and 424:
421
Page 425 and 426:
423
Page 427:
Page 430 and 431:
1998). Besides, Ujhelyi (1971) also
Page 432 and 433:
Table 1. (B) Synopsis of the Tricho
Page 434 and 435:
432 1. Distribution of some species
Page 436 and 437:
Figure 3. Activity graph of six cad
Page 438 and 439:
436 3. Transformation of Trichopter
Page 441 and 442:
Fish fauna of the Upper Tisa Ákos
Page 443 and 444:
Fam. Acipenseridae 2. Ship Acipense
Page 445 and 446:
We observed this species downstream
Page 447 and 448:
Fam. Siluridae 43. Sheatfish Siluru
Page 449 and 450:
57. Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (Li
Page 451 and 452:
In addition to zonation, another si
Page 453 and 454:
River Danube which is probaly why t
Page 455 and 456:
Table: Fishes of the Upper Tisa 453
Page 457 and 458:
Data to the fish fauna of River Tis
Page 459 and 460:
were put back to the water after id
Page 461 and 462:
600. - Tisza-Gravel-pit pond (Milot
Page 463 and 464:
Szamos (Vásárosnamény): 05.07.19
Page 465 and 466:
31. Pseudorasbora parva Schlegel, 1
Page 467 and 468:
46. Salmo trutta m. fario Linnaeus,
Page 469 and 470:
56. Zingel zingel Linnaeus, 1758 Sz
Page 471 and 472:
Dévai, Gy., Miskolczi, M., Tóth,
Page 473 and 474:
Biogeographical characterisation of
Page 475 and 476:
in the lack of sufficient data abou
Page 477 and 478:
on the flood plain. In Bagiszeg Per
Page 479:
References Bába K. (1969): Die Mal
Page 482 and 483:
480 Carychium minimum (Müller, 177
Page 484 and 485:
Thus, based on staying vs. migratin
Page 486 and 487:
484 Table1. Species composition and
Page 488 and 489:
486 Table 1. continue
Page 491 and 492:
Vertebrates of the Subcarpathian se
Page 493 and 494:
are active from March to November.
Page 495 and 496:
Mammals/Mammalia Insectivores/Insec
Page 497 and 498:
are active at nightfall and at nigh
Page 499 and 500:
Artiodactyla. The roebuck sheds its
Page 501 and 502:
newly planted forests and nurseries
Page 503 and 504:
Contents Preface...................
show all

The Upper Tisa Valley. Preparatory proposal for Ramsay

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?