The Upper Tisa Valley. Preparatory proposal for Ramsay

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60 (Alnus glutinosa), Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), Bird Cherry (Padus racemosa), etc. The shrub layer is also rich in species, out of which the most common are: Guelder Rose (Viburnum opulus), Common Elder (Sambucus nigra), Privet (Ligustrum vulgare), Dog Berry (Cornus sanguinea), Hazel (Corylus avellana), Rose (Rosa sp.), etc. The weil associations climb up till they interweave with the crowns of the trees. In such associations climbers such as the Wild Hop (Humulus lupulus), the Traveller’s Joy (Clematis vitalba) or the Woodland Grape (Vitis silvestris) can be present, and the willow bushes, locations with osier are overgrown by Sicyos angulatus, Hedge Bindweed (Calystegia sepium), Wild Cucumber (Echinocystis lobata: an adventitious plant). Locations cleared of trees are invaded by thick associations made up of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) and an adventitious plant originating from Japan: Polygonum cuspidatum. In lighter places, both in riverside coppices and their borders, among the weeds we can find Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria), Dropwort (Filipendula vulgaris), Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria), Common Tansy (Chrysanthemum vulgare), Self-heal (Prunella vulgaris), Hedge Bedstraw (Gallium mollugo), Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) and Marsh Wounwdort (Stachys palustris). In natural hayfields and at the edges of fields, herbaceous associations are made up of colourful flowers such as sage and clary species (Salvia nemorosa, Salvia pratensis), Small-flowered Catchfly (Silene gallica), False London Rocket (Sisymbrium loeselii), White Amaranth (Amaranthus albus), Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisifolia), Alkanet (Anchusa officinalis) and Common Meadow-rue (Thalictrum flavum). In the River Tisa strait the vegetation is inlaid. It consists of beech forests interspersed with hayfields and, in the form of a narrow line on the bank, by osier plots. Out of the most common species we can mention the Beech (Fagus sylvatica), the Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), the Hornbeam (Carpenus betulus), the Common Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), under which Hazel (Corylus avellana), Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and hawthorn (Crataegus sp.), enter the forest associations. In the grassy bed there are: Dog’s-tooth Violet (Erythronium dens-canis), Transsylvanian Hepatica (Hepatica transylvanica), European Ginger (Asarum europaeum), Wild Strawberry (Fragaria vesa), Alpine Squill (Scilla bifolia), Large Yellow Ox-eye (Telekia speciosa), Comfrey (Symphytum officinale), Corydalis (Corydalis), Toothwort (Dentaria bulbifera), etc. Herbaceous plants are listed in Appendix, Chart No. 7, and ligneous plants (trees, shrubs and bushes) from the Upper Tisa land appear in Appendix, Chart No. 8. In the Upper Tisa area there are a number of herbaceous and ligneous plants protected by Romanian law: Appendix, Chart No. 9. Noteworthy fauna: The Upper Tisa Wetlands constitute good habitats for many vertebrate species living in forest and water environments.
As to the fishes, 33 species have been found in River Tisa among which even rare species, endemical species and natural monuments such as the Huchen (Hucho hucho) are found, as well as ice-age relic species with a limited area such as the Strömer (Leuciscus soufia agassizi). In this comparatively small area of River Tisa, rheophilic species characteristic of mountain rivers, such as the Common River Trout (Salmo trutta fario), the Grayling (Thymallus thymallus), the Bullhead (Cottus gobio), etc. occur together with species characteristic of slowflowing waters of lower river sections, such as the Pike (Esox lucius), the Carp (Cyprinus carpio), even the Sheatfish or Catfish (Silurus glanis), and, lately in large numbers, the Bream (Abramis brama). This ichthyofauna can be maintained by preserving the biophysical quality of the waters of River Tisa. The updated list of confirmed species is shown in Appendix, Chart No. 1. Out of the amphibians the Carpathian Newt (Triturus montadoni) is worth mentioning, occurring at altitudes of 300 m on the River Tisa terraces near Sighetu Marmaţiei. These locations are the westernmost and lowest occurrences of this endemic species of the Eastern Carpathians. For the amphibians the River Tisa meadows with ponds formed in deserted riverbeds are also places of reproduction. For example, thousands of Common Toads (Bufo bufo) have been reported to occur in the lakes near Câmpulung la Tisa (Appendix, Chart No. 2). Out of the reptiles the European Pond Terrapin (Emys orbicularis) in Maramuresh County founds a favourable habitat only in the River Tisa ponds. The suppression of these habitats brings about the disappearance of the species from this region (Appendix, Chart No. 3). It is believed that over 90 bird populations nest near River Tisa and the above mentioned ponds, as well as in the well outlined meadows (that, at places, take a jungle aspect owing to climbing species such as the Traveller’s Joy (Clematis vitalba) creating Weil associations), out of which 23 are closely linked to aquatic or wetland environments, and 67 to forests: Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina), Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), Hobby (Falco subbuteo), etc. In Appendix, Chart No. 4 bird species associated with wet and aquatic environment are listed, such as the Little Grebe (Podiceps ruficollis), the Little Bittern (Ixobrychus minutus), the Mallard (Anas platyhrynchos), etc. Appendix, Chart No. 5 conains the list of bird species that are not directly linked to aquatic environment, yet the favourable meadow biocenoses permits the nesting of several bird species in far greater density than in other bush or forest biocenoses. The particular density of the Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) in the River Tisa meadows is worth mentioning The Fieldfare is a species noticed as a nesting bird of the Carpathians first in 1972. The Tisa Valley is of utmost importance, even at international level, from the aspect of bird migration and the winter residence of northern species. The Carpathian native populations, mainly the passerines, simply fly downstream along the side valleys towards the River Tisa Valley leaving which they follow westwards through the Maramuresh depression, towards the Pannonian Plain. In autumn the migration of Rooks (Corvus frugilegus) and Jackdaws (Corvus monedula), is quite spectacular with hundred of thousands of birds flying above to rest in the River Tisa Valley. In autumn large flocks (thousands of birds) fly 61
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TISCIA monograph series The Upper T
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TISCIA monograph series 1. J. Hamar
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The Upper Tisa Valley Preparatory p
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Foreword The basic obligations of t
Page 11: The Upper Tisa Valley Preparatory p
Page 15 and 16: Date: September 28, 1998 Country: U
Page 17 and 18: River Chorna Tisa rises in the nort
Page 19 and 20: formed here, which, along with the
Page 21 and 22: «Radyansky Karpaty» - a forest re
Page 23: - the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve
Page 26 and 27: Aspleniaceae Asplenium adiantum-nig
Page 28 and 29: S. fluviatilis Wallb. S. fuchsii Gm
Page 30 and 31: Phyteuma orbiculare l. Ph. spicatum
Page 32 and 33: E. intersita Zinserl. E. palustris
Page 34 and 35: Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schr
Page 36 and 37: Marsileaceae Marsilea quadrifolia L
Page 38 and 39: Phleum alpinum L. Ph. hirsutum Honc
Page 40 and 41: A. subcrenata Bus. A. szaferi Pawl.
Page 42 and 43: Rh. serotinus (Schoenh.) Oborny Rh.
Page 44 and 45: Epilobietalia fleischeri Moor 58 Ep
Page 46 and 47: Caricion gracilis Neuhäusl 59 em.
Page 48 and 49: Alysso-Sedetalia Moravec 67 Alysso
Page 50 and 51: Piceetalia excelsae Pawłowski in P
Page 52 and 53: are mainly useful, since they consu
Page 54 and 55: 52 area, categorized as oligothroph
Page 56 and 57: Physical features: within the bound
Page 59 and 60: The depth of River Tisa is 1.8 - 2.
Page 61: forests. Today these forests are in
Page 65 and 66: Lasting until the end of December t
Page 67 and 68: Works of consolidation were no long
Page 69 and 70: - Scientists (researchers, museum s
Page 71 and 72: -the mayoralties of Remeţi, Săpâ
Page 73 and 74: Appendix List of Vertebrates Confir
Page 75 and 76: Columba palumbus palumbus (L.) 1758
Page 77 and 78: Calidris minuta (Leisl.) 1812 - Lit
Page 79 and 80: Chart 8. Ligneous Plants from the U
Page 81 and 82: Date: September 23, 1996 Country: U
Page 83 and 84: Down from the town of Hust River Ti
Page 85 and 86: island forests and basins attached
Page 87 and 88: of that flood. A furniture factory
Page 89 and 90: programme, in accordance with which
Page 91 and 92: Krocsko Gy. - Krocsko L.: Leafy for
Page 93 and 94: Pisces Acipenseridae Salmonidae Thy
Page 95 and 96: A. albifrons Scop. Pica pica L. A.
Page 97 and 98: Conservation measures Characteristi
Page 99: Carpathians’ fauna: its present s
Page 102 and 103: Physical features: The site is a ba
Page 104 and 105: 102 Agriculture, mainly with fast-g
Page 107 and 108: Date: October 20, 1996 Country: Hun
Page 109 and 110: Salix eleagnos Iris pseudacorus Leu
Page 111: Current scientific research and fac
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112 represented by subcontinental c
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Current recreation and tourism: The
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116 The amount of yearly precipitat
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118 References: BOGOLY, J.: Király
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120 incision characteristics, with
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122 Agriculture, mainly with fast-g
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The Upper Tisa Valley Ecological ba
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128 Figure 1
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Site 3 Situated on River Bila Tisa,
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Table 1. Median grain size of sedim
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Hydrogeographical features of the U
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Figure 2 A schematic geological map
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Basin filled with Tertiary layers.
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their mass is concerned, because th
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Figure 6. Schematic valley length s
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Figure 8. Distribution of precipita
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Figure 10 Annual mean values of pre
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Figure 12 Monthly mean values of pr
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turn, may cause inestimable floodin
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Figure 14. A map of the density of
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Figure 15 The catchment area of Riv
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Figure 16 Terraces of the mountain-
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Anyhow, terraces are important comp
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Figure 17 A schematic delineation o
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high hilly region. Its rock composi
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Figure 18 Changes of the beds of Ri
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Figure 20. Average potential evapot
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Figure 21. Forest cover of the Uppe
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The floristic distribution of the v
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Reconstruction of flora, soil and l
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Fig.1. The geographical region with
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The climate in this region has a st
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Fig.6. Location of coring site, Csa
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The next sediment layer is 298-234
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Fig.7B. Physical characteristics an
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other hand the low Sr:Ba ratio indi
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after approximately 9200 BP. The sp
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Radiocarbon analysis Four evenly sp
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Fig.9. Percentage pollen and charco
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Fig.10. Archaeological findspots ar
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Fig.11. Archaeological findspots ar
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Fig.12. Fig.10. Archaeological find
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Quercus/Ulmus/Corylus/Tilia/Fraxinu
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Edwards, K.J. 1982: Man, space and
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Sherratt, A. 1982a: The development
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Appeal to the participants of the S
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Conception for the regeneration of
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Grounds for Application The crisis-
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Table 2. Carpathian Forest Research
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from the Carpathian Biosphere Reser
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Tisa, especially in the dead branch
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Marsileaceae 7. Marsilea quadrifoli
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61. Saxifraga stellaris L.; BT (32)
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114. Andromeda polifolia L.;CT (!);
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158. Sambucus ebulus L.;UT (11); H,
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210. Iris sibirica L.; UT (28,32);
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266. Carex davalliana Sm.; BT (32,!
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Isoëto-nanojuncetea Br. -Bl. et Tx
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68. Frangulo-Salicetum cinereae Mal
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(P. 8.) Equisetum arvense L. 1753,
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(50) Ranunculus sardous Cr. 1763, H
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(231) Rosa afzeliana = dumalis Bech
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(395) Lathyrus tuberosus L. 1753, H
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(463) Parthenocissus inserta (Kern.
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(573) Galium mollugo L. 1753 et. G.
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Callitrichaceae (686) Callitriche p
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(784) Prunella vulgaris L. 1753, HT
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(894) Veronica prostrata L. 1753, H
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(1079) Rorippa X astylis (Rchb. 183
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(1222) Pulicaria dysenterica (L. 17
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(1385) Mycelis muralis (L. 1753 sub
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(1544) Chenopodium strictum Roth 18
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260 Salicetum triandrae, Glycyrrhiz
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(1730) Allium oleraceum L. 1753, HT
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(1903) Carex praecox Schreb. 1771,
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ass., Bidentetea, Echinochloo-Polyg
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- Lemno-spirodeletum W. Koch 1954,
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- Rudbeckio-Solidaginetum Tx. et Ra
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Simon, T. (1952): Montán elemek az
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etc.), H. Zapalowicz (1889; etc.),
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Figure1. Map of studied area 276 Re
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Alps. This index is twice as low fo
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B. virginianum (B. virginianum subs
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F.drymeja (F. montana) - RRL (IV) F
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Myricaria germanica (Tamarix german
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S. hispanicum (S. glaucum) - RRL (I
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Salicetum retuso-reticulatae Br.-Bl
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Domin, K. (1929 -1931): Schedae ad
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Stojko, S.- Hadaè, E.- Simon, T.-
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side tributaries of River Tisa (spe
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forests and all along the riverbed
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Porphyrellus pseudoscaber (Secr.) S
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mushrooms of the Upper Lăpuş) - T
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302
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304
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306
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Water developments and their impact
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Solovka and elsewhere with over 40
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ing dyke. Further flood defences ar
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Figure 3. The Tur/Túr catchment, f
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The impacts of the Călineşti Oaş
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Figure 5. The Crasna/Kraszna catchm
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Reservoirs Following the large floo
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Figure 7. Increase of the annual mi
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Climate and hydrology are influence
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long and 23 m high consists of a 11
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the ratio of the monthly highest an
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Groundwaters From the viewpoint of
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e wider than 100 fold (Figure 12.).
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water. The levels of total nitrogen
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the 1993 December flood on the Uppe
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Chemical water quality of the upper
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General features Results and evalua
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Figure 7. Concentrations of differe
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Figure 10. Iron and manganese conce
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Table 2. Besides aluminium and merc
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Hygienic bacteriological valuation
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Table 2. Results of the bacteriolog
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References Csépai F.(1995): Data o
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356 Material and methods Samples we
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358 References Ádámosi et al. (19
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Table 1. continued 360
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During the summer and autumn journe
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Hungarian area of River Tisa 80 spe
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Table 3. Average hydrobiological pa
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Table 5. Average hydrobiological pa
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It is necessary to note that it is
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Table 7. Saprobiological characteri
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In practice, results of classificat
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conservation of the Carpathians bio
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Table 1. continue 378
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Table 1. continue 382 Notes: Pl - p
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with stagnant water, which were ass
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Monchenko V.I. (1983): Noviye dlia
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Table continue 388
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Table continue 390
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Zooplankton investigations in the U
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Fig. 1. Number of Rotatoria species
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References Bancsi I. 1986.: A kerek
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402 Figure 1. Sampling places
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The species richness of chironomids
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A study of aquatic molluscs in the
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Table 1. Distribution of mollusc sp
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Some considerations about the rheop
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The main types of benthic associati
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The high flood of the waters in the
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References Barbosa, F.A.R., Găldea
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421
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423
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1998). Besides, Ujhelyi (1971) also
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Table 1. (B) Synopsis of the Tricho
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432 1. Distribution of some species
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Figure 3. Activity graph of six cad
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436 3. Transformation of Trichopter
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Fish fauna of the Upper Tisa Ákos
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Fam. Acipenseridae 2. Ship Acipense
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We observed this species downstream
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Fam. Siluridae 43. Sheatfish Siluru
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57. Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (Li
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In addition to zonation, another si
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River Danube which is probaly why t
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Table: Fishes of the Upper Tisa 453
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Data to the fish fauna of River Tis
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were put back to the water after id
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600. - Tisza-Gravel-pit pond (Milot
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Szamos (Vásárosnamény): 05.07.19
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31. Pseudorasbora parva Schlegel, 1
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46. Salmo trutta m. fario Linnaeus,
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56. Zingel zingel Linnaeus, 1758 Sz
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Dévai, Gy., Miskolczi, M., Tóth,
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Biogeographical characterisation of
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in the lack of sufficient data abou
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on the flood plain. In Bagiszeg Per
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References Bába K. (1969): Die Mal
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480 Carychium minimum (Müller, 177
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Thus, based on staying vs. migratin
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484 Table1. Species composition and
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486 Table 1. continue
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Vertebrates of the Subcarpathian se
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are active from March to November.
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Mammals/Mammalia Insectivores/Insec
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are active at nightfall and at nigh
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Artiodactyla. The roebuck sheds its
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newly planted forests and nurseries
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Contents Preface...................
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The Upper Tisa Valley. Preparatory proposal for Ramsay

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