The Upper Tisa Valley. Preparatory proposal for Ramsay

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gates and the spillway weir are capable of releasing a discharge of 200 m 3 /d. The two turbines installed in the powerhouse at the toe of the dam have a combined capacity of 1.4 mW at 13.8 m 3 /s discharge. The feasibility of diverting the Talna Creek into the Călineşti reservoir has been studied. This transfer scheme would expand the catchment above the reservoir to 599 km 2 , or to 50% of the total area. Figure 4. Attenuation of the 1993 December flood by the Călineşti Oaş reservoir on the Tur/Túr river 316
The impacts of the Călineşti Oaş reservoir on the monthly and annual flows The annual mean flows past the Negreşti Oaş gauging station upper of the reservoir, that is uninfluenced by storage, during the 1979-1994 period were lower by approximately 9% than over the 12 years (1963-1978) before commissioning the reservoir, while the mean flows past the downstream gauging stations Turlung and Garbolc on the Tur/Túr river the mean flow has increased by 10 and 6%, respectively, under the equalising impact of the reservoir (Konecsny, Sorocovschi 1996). The annual highest flows in the Tur/Túr will be seen from the records of the Negreşti Oaş gauging station to have diminished by 9% on the average, while the avereage decrease thereof was 67 and 74% on the Turulung and Garbolc stations, respectively. The reservoir has thus reduced significantly the flood peaks and consequently the flood hazard. The falling limb of the flood hydrographs has become at the same time longer than under natural conditions (Figure 4.). On the Turulung and Garbolc gauges peak flows higher than 200 m 3 /s were recorded in five years over the 16 year period (1963-1978) prior to commissioning the Călineşti Oaş reservoir, whereas between 1979 and 1994 such event has occurred on a single occasion only, in 1980 (Turulung 220 m 3 /s, Garbolc 195 m 3 /d). The annual low and the lowest monthly mean flows were found to have diminished by 9 and 17%, respectively, on the Negreşti Oaş gauge upper of the reservoir in the second half of the dry period 1979 1994. In contrast thereto, the low water flows have increased by about 10% on the gauges Turulung and Garbolc downstream of the reservoir. In addition to the beneficial impacts outlined in the foregoing (flood peak reduction, augmentation of low flows), the adverse impacts of abnormally high heavy metal pollution in the Tur/Túr could also be reduced, thanks to the diluting and flushing effect of the flows released from the Călineşti Oaş reservoir at times of low water. Runoff lift stations with a total capacity of 28 m 3 /s are situated along the river section downstream of Turulung on both banks. These are. Drăguşeni left hand bank, 17+328 km, 3.1 m 3 /s, Micula left hand bank, 9+115 km, 5 0 m 3 /s, Mesteacăn right hand bank, 5+200 km, 7.41 m 3 /s, Porumbeşti right hand bank, 1+050 km, 2.40 m 3 /s, Cer left hand bank m 0+760 km, 2.10 m 3 /s, further on the Egher canal Bercu left hand bank, 8.06 m 3 /s. Water quality in the Tur/Túr was excellent a few years ago, the oxygen level was high, organic and total dissolved salt concentrations were low (70-334 mg/l). The high values were registered during the summer low flow periods. In recent years sewage bacteria have been detected at growing frequency, turning water quality to acceptable in terms of the coliform counts. Organic pollution in the river has scattered widely and displayed a growing trend. The ammonium content tended to decrease gradually from spring to late summer, although considerable fluctuations were registered periodically. In some samples ammonium ion was present in concentrations surpassing the classification criteria of good water (Konecsny,A. 1995). High iron (1 mg/l) and manganese (0.4 mg/l) concentrations were registered. Elevated zinc concentration (0.61 mg/l) was registered first in 1985. This was considered sporadic, but further heavy metal data have prompted frequent 317
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TISCIA monograph series The Upper T
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TISCIA monograph series 1. J. Hamar
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The Upper Tisa Valley Preparatory p
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Foreword The basic obligations of t
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The Upper Tisa Valley Preparatory p
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Date: September 28, 1998 Country: U
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River Chorna Tisa rises in the nort
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formed here, which, along with the
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«Radyansky Karpaty» - a forest re
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- the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve
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Aspleniaceae Asplenium adiantum-nig
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S. fluviatilis Wallb. S. fuchsii Gm
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Phyteuma orbiculare l. Ph. spicatum
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E. intersita Zinserl. E. palustris
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Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schr
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Marsileaceae Marsilea quadrifolia L
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Phleum alpinum L. Ph. hirsutum Honc
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A. subcrenata Bus. A. szaferi Pawl.
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Rh. serotinus (Schoenh.) Oborny Rh.
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Epilobietalia fleischeri Moor 58 Ep
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Caricion gracilis Neuhäusl 59 em.
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Alysso-Sedetalia Moravec 67 Alysso
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Piceetalia excelsae Pawłowski in P
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are mainly useful, since they consu
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52 area, categorized as oligothroph
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Physical features: within the bound
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The depth of River Tisa is 1.8 - 2.
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forests. Today these forests are in
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As to the fishes, 33 species have b
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Lasting until the end of December t
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Works of consolidation were no long
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- Scientists (researchers, museum s
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-the mayoralties of Remeţi, Săpâ
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Appendix List of Vertebrates Confir
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Columba palumbus palumbus (L.) 1758
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Calidris minuta (Leisl.) 1812 - Lit
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Chart 8. Ligneous Plants from the U
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Date: September 23, 1996 Country: U
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Down from the town of Hust River Ti
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island forests and basins attached
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of that flood. A furniture factory
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programme, in accordance with which
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Krocsko Gy. - Krocsko L.: Leafy for
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Pisces Acipenseridae Salmonidae Thy
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A. albifrons Scop. Pica pica L. A.
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Conservation measures Characteristi
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Carpathians’ fauna: its present s
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Physical features: The site is a ba
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102 Agriculture, mainly with fast-g
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Date: October 20, 1996 Country: Hun
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Salix eleagnos Iris pseudacorus Leu
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Current scientific research and fac
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112 represented by subcontinental c
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Current recreation and tourism: The
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116 The amount of yearly precipitat
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118 References: BOGOLY, J.: Király
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120 incision characteristics, with
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122 Agriculture, mainly with fast-g
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The Upper Tisa Valley Ecological ba
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128 Figure 1
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Site 3 Situated on River Bila Tisa,
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Table 1. Median grain size of sedim
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Hydrogeographical features of the U
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Figure 2 A schematic geological map
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Basin filled with Tertiary layers.
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their mass is concerned, because th
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Figure 6. Schematic valley length s
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Figure 8. Distribution of precipita
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Figure 10 Annual mean values of pre
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Figure 12 Monthly mean values of pr
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turn, may cause inestimable floodin
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Figure 14. A map of the density of
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Figure 15 The catchment area of Riv
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Figure 16 Terraces of the mountain-
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Anyhow, terraces are important comp
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Figure 17 A schematic delineation o
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high hilly region. Its rock composi
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Figure 18 Changes of the beds of Ri
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Figure 20. Average potential evapot
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Figure 21. Forest cover of the Uppe
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The floristic distribution of the v
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Reconstruction of flora, soil and l
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Fig.1. The geographical region with
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The climate in this region has a st
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Fig.6. Location of coring site, Csa
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The next sediment layer is 298-234
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Fig.7B. Physical characteristics an
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other hand the low Sr:Ba ratio indi
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after approximately 9200 BP. The sp
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Radiocarbon analysis Four evenly sp
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Fig.9. Percentage pollen and charco
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Fig.10. Archaeological findspots ar
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Fig.11. Archaeological findspots ar
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Fig.12. Fig.10. Archaeological find
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Quercus/Ulmus/Corylus/Tilia/Fraxinu
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Edwards, K.J. 1982: Man, space and
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Sherratt, A. 1982a: The development
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Appeal to the participants of the S
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Conception for the regeneration of
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Grounds for Application The crisis-
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Table 2. Carpathian Forest Research
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from the Carpathian Biosphere Reser
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Tisa, especially in the dead branch
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Marsileaceae 7. Marsilea quadrifoli
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61. Saxifraga stellaris L.; BT (32)
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114. Andromeda polifolia L.;CT (!);
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158. Sambucus ebulus L.;UT (11); H,
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210. Iris sibirica L.; UT (28,32);
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266. Carex davalliana Sm.; BT (32,!
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Isoëto-nanojuncetea Br. -Bl. et Tx
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68. Frangulo-Salicetum cinereae Mal
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(P. 8.) Equisetum arvense L. 1753,
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(50) Ranunculus sardous Cr. 1763, H
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(231) Rosa afzeliana = dumalis Bech
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(395) Lathyrus tuberosus L. 1753, H
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(463) Parthenocissus inserta (Kern.
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(573) Galium mollugo L. 1753 et. G.
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Callitrichaceae (686) Callitriche p
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(784) Prunella vulgaris L. 1753, HT
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(894) Veronica prostrata L. 1753, H
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(1079) Rorippa X astylis (Rchb. 183
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(1222) Pulicaria dysenterica (L. 17
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(1385) Mycelis muralis (L. 1753 sub
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(1544) Chenopodium strictum Roth 18
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260 Salicetum triandrae, Glycyrrhiz
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(1730) Allium oleraceum L. 1753, HT
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(1903) Carex praecox Schreb. 1771,
Page 268 and 269: ass., Bidentetea, Echinochloo-Polyg
Page 270 and 271: - Lemno-spirodeletum W. Koch 1954,
Page 272 and 273: - Rudbeckio-Solidaginetum Tx. et Ra
Page 274 and 275: Simon, T. (1952): Montán elemek az
Page 276 and 277: etc.), H. Zapalowicz (1889; etc.),
Page 278 and 279: Figure1. Map of studied area 276 Re
Page 280 and 281: Alps. This index is twice as low fo
Page 282 and 283: B. virginianum (B. virginianum subs
Page 284 and 285: F.drymeja (F. montana) - RRL (IV) F
Page 286 and 287: Myricaria germanica (Tamarix german
Page 288 and 289: S. hispanicum (S. glaucum) - RRL (I
Page 290 and 291: Salicetum retuso-reticulatae Br.-Bl
Page 292 and 293: Domin, K. (1929 -1931): Schedae ad
Page 294 and 295: Stojko, S.- Hadaè, E.- Simon, T.-
Page 296 and 297: side tributaries of River Tisa (spe
Page 298 and 299: forests and all along the riverbed
Page 300 and 301: Porphyrellus pseudoscaber (Secr.) S
Page 302 and 303: mushrooms of the Upper Lăpuş) - T
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Page 311 and 312: Water developments and their impact
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Page 315 and 316: ing dyke. Further flood defences ar
Page 317: Figure 3. The Tur/Túr catchment, f
Page 321 and 322: Figure 5. The Crasna/Kraszna catchm
Page 323 and 324: Reservoirs Following the large floo
Page 325 and 326: Figure 7. Increase of the annual mi
Page 327 and 328: Climate and hydrology are influence
Page 329 and 330: long and 23 m high consists of a 11
Page 331 and 332: the ratio of the monthly highest an
Page 333 and 334: Groundwaters From the viewpoint of
Page 335 and 336: e wider than 100 fold (Figure 12.).
Page 337 and 338: water. The levels of total nitrogen
Page 339 and 340: the 1993 December flood on the Uppe
Page 341 and 342: Chemical water quality of the upper
Page 343 and 344: General features Results and evalua
Page 345 and 346: Figure 7. Concentrations of differe
Page 347 and 348: Figure 10. Iron and manganese conce
Page 349 and 350: Table 2. Besides aluminium and merc
Page 351 and 352: Hygienic bacteriological valuation
Page 353 and 354: Table 2. Results of the bacteriolog
Page 355: References Csépai F.(1995): Data o
Page 358 and 359: 356 Material and methods Samples we
Page 360 and 361: 358 References Ádámosi et al. (19
Page 362 and 363: Table 1. continued 360
Page 364 and 365: During the summer and autumn journe
Page 366 and 367: Hungarian area of River Tisa 80 spe
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Table 3. Average hydrobiological pa
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Table 5. Average hydrobiological pa
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It is necessary to note that it is
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Table 7. Saprobiological characteri
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In practice, results of classificat
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conservation of the Carpathians bio
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Table 1. continue 378
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Table 1. continue 382 Notes: Pl - p
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with stagnant water, which were ass
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Monchenko V.I. (1983): Noviye dlia
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Table continue 388
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Table continue 390
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Zooplankton investigations in the U
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Fig. 1. Number of Rotatoria species
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References Bancsi I. 1986.: A kerek
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402 Figure 1. Sampling places
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The species richness of chironomids
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A study of aquatic molluscs in the
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Table 1. Distribution of mollusc sp
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Some considerations about the rheop
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The main types of benthic associati
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The high flood of the waters in the
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References Barbosa, F.A.R., Găldea
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421
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423
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1998). Besides, Ujhelyi (1971) also
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Table 1. (B) Synopsis of the Tricho
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432 1. Distribution of some species
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Figure 3. Activity graph of six cad
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436 3. Transformation of Trichopter
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Fish fauna of the Upper Tisa Ákos
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Fam. Acipenseridae 2. Ship Acipense
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We observed this species downstream
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Fam. Siluridae 43. Sheatfish Siluru
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57. Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (Li
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In addition to zonation, another si
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River Danube which is probaly why t
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Table: Fishes of the Upper Tisa 453
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Data to the fish fauna of River Tis
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were put back to the water after id
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600. - Tisza-Gravel-pit pond (Milot
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Szamos (Vásárosnamény): 05.07.19
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31. Pseudorasbora parva Schlegel, 1
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46. Salmo trutta m. fario Linnaeus,
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56. Zingel zingel Linnaeus, 1758 Sz
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Dévai, Gy., Miskolczi, M., Tóth,
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Biogeographical characterisation of
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in the lack of sufficient data abou
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on the flood plain. In Bagiszeg Per
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References Bába K. (1969): Die Mal
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480 Carychium minimum (Müller, 177
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Thus, based on staying vs. migratin
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484 Table1. Species composition and
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486 Table 1. continue
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Vertebrates of the Subcarpathian se
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are active from March to November.
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Mammals/Mammalia Insectivores/Insec
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are active at nightfall and at nigh
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Artiodactyla. The roebuck sheds its
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newly planted forests and nurseries
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Contents Preface...................
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The Upper Tisa Valley. Preparatory proposal for Ramsay

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