The Upper Tisa Valley. Preparatory proposal for Ramsay

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Tisa, especially in the dead branches of the river, in the swamps and marshes, peat bogs and springs in the immediate proximity of the Upper Tisa. From the 1224 species which were identified from the sources of River Tisa to its confluence with River Szamos, approximatively 750 species grow in the Carpathian sector and 830 grow in the extra-Carpathian one (about 350 species are common to both). Hoiwever, we point out the fact that for the Carpathian sector there all discovered and identified species in the River Tisa basin were taken into account, while for the extra-Carpathian sector species only from the river meadow and the first terrace of River Tisa were counted. We note, as especially interesting spots of phytogeographical significance, the peat bog Ciorne Bahno at the village Chorna Tisa, the Kuzij natural reservation, and the Narcissum-meadows at Kiresi (257 ha) and at Bustino. In the latter a very special cenosis of Molinia coerulea with much Spiraea salicifolia, a rare species in the Ukrainian flora, is found. Along the Upper Tisa, from its sources to the confluence with River Szamos, the flora and vegetation is distributed in accordance with levels, due to geomorphological relief characteristics and to the climatic features. Thus, on the subalpine and alpine levels (1600 - 2061 m a.s.l.) typical phytocenoses of rocky regions occur, with weeds and lawns belonging to the following vegetal associations: Juncetum trifidi with fac. cetrariosum, Oreochloo-Juncetum trifidi, Polytrichetum sexangularis, Luzuletum alpino- pilosae, Festucetum pictae, Poaetum deylii, Diantho tenuifolii-Festucetum amethystinae, (Seslerio heuflerianae)- Caricetum sempervirentis, Primulo-Caricetum curvulae, Festucetum sudeticae with subass. nardetosum and vaccinietosum and fac. gnaphaliosum, (Seslerio)- Festucetum versicoloris, Diantho compacti-Festucetum porcii, Seslerietum coerulantis, Hyperico grisebachii-Calamagrostietum villosae, Rumicii-Deschampsietum caespitosae, Adenostylo-Doronicetum austriacii a.o. Among subalpine and alpine shrubs we note: Vaccinio-Pinetum mugi with subass. calamagrostietosum villosae, rumicetosum carpaticae and sphagnetosum and fac. athyriosum and cetrariosum, Vaccinio- Juniperetum nanae with fac. deschampsiosum and calamagrostidosum, Rhododendro- Vaccinietum, Pulmonario filarszkyanae- Alnetum viridis with fac. athyriosum, Cetrario-Vaccinietum myrtilli, Cetrario- Vaccinietum gaultherioidis, Loiseleurietum procumbentis, Salicetum herbaceae, Soldanello hungaricae-Salicetum kitaibelianae. At the mountain level (400 - 600 m a.s.l.) forests are dominant; they are replaced, on relatively small surfaces, by secondary lawns. These forests are: beech forests between (400) 500-1000 (1100) m a.s.l., mixed forests of deciduous (leafy) and resinous trees between 800 m-1300 m a.s.l., and spruce firs between (1000) 1100-1600 (1665) m a.s.l. The most extensive forest types belong to the following associations: Symphyto cordati-Fagetum with subass. asperuletosum and mercurialetosum and fac. dentariosum, Phyllitidi-Fagetum, Abieti-Fagetum with fac. oxalidosum, athyriosum and galeobdolosum, Leucanthemo waldsteinii- Piceo-Fagetum with subass. mercurialetosum, asperuletosum and fac. petasitosum and stellariosum nemori, Hieracio rotundati- Piceetum, Luzulo silvaticae-Piceetum, Oxalo-Piceetum, Vaccinio myrtilli-Piceetum with fac. muscosum and Sphagno-Piceetum. To these, shrubs belonging the associations Coryletum avellanae, Spiraeetum ulmifoliae, Sambucetum nigrae, Salici capreae-Sambucetum racemosae are added. The lawns, used especially 216
as hay fields, belong to the associations Agrostio-Festucetum rubrae, Nardo- Festucetum rubrae, Alchemillo-Festucetum rubrae, Trifolio- Cynosuretum, Anthoxantho-Agrostietum tenuis a.o. On the levels of hills and plains (about 100-400m a.s.l.), from the exit of River Tisa from the Carpathian sector to its confluence with River Szamos, forests diminish more and more, their place being taken by agrocenoses, lawns, weeds and built-up areas. The woody and bushy vegetation belong to the associations Carpino-Quercetum petraeae, Querco robori-Carpinetum, Querco robori-Caricetum brizoidis, Fraxino pannonicae-Ulmetum, Bromo sterili-Robinietum and Pruno-Crataegetum. The observed lawn phytocenoses join the associations Agrostio-Festucetum rubrae, Anthoxantho-Agrostietum tenuis, Festucetum rupicolae, Phleetum pratensis, Holcetum lanati, Alopecuretum pratensis, Cynodonto-Po‰tum angustifoliae, Artemisio- Festucetum pseudovinae a.o. In these sections of River Tisa an extremely high number of weeds belonging to the associations Amarantho-Chenopodietum albi, Hordeetum murini, Atriplicetum tataricae, Malvaetum neglectae, Descurainetumsophiae, Agropyretum repentis, Cirsietum arvensi- lanceolati, Onopordetum acanthii, Carduetum acanthoidis, Ambrosietum artemisiifoliae, Setario- Galinsogetum, Tanaceto- Artemisietum vulgaris, Conietum maculati, Sambucetum ebuli, Arctio- Ballotetum nigrae, Urticetum dioicae, Chaerophylletum bulbosi, Tussilaginetum farfarae, Rudbeckio- Solidaginetum, Polygonetum cuspidati, Helianthetum decapetali, Heracleetum sosnovskyii, Bidentetum tripartiti, Echinochloo-Polygonetum lapathifolii, Xanthietum italici, Lolio-Plantaginetum majoris, Polygonetum avicularis, Dauco-Matricarietum inodorae, Lolio-Potentilletum anserinae a.o. are scattered. In this review of the vegetal associations of the Upper Tisa region we did not mention the aquatic and paludic ones, because, like for the hydro-and hygrophilous flora, they will be presented in the followings, as classified based on alliances, orders and classes, with the river section in which the association was identified specified in each case. The hydrophilous, hygrophilous and hygromesophilous flora Equisetaceae 1. Equisetum fluviatile L. (E. limosum L.); BT,MT (32), JT (7), UT (11), HT (!); Hh, Cp (bor); Magnocaricion, Phragmitetea 2. Equisetum palustre L.; CT (!),BT(32), JT (22,!), UT (32,!), HT (6,!); G, Cp (bor); Molinietalia 3. Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.; MT (32,!); G, Cp (bor); Alno-Padion, Filipendulo- Petasition 4. Equisetum variegatum Schleich.; CT, BT (32); G, Cp (bor); Caricetalia nigrae 5. Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.;UT (11); G, Cosm; Festucion vaginatae Thelypteridiaceae 6. Thelypteris palustris Schott; UT (32), HT(6); Hh, Cp (bor); Alnion glutinosae, Alno-Padion, Magnocaricion 217
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TISCIA monograph series The Upper T
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TISCIA monograph series 1. J. Hamar
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The Upper Tisa Valley Preparatory p
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Foreword The basic obligations of t
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The Upper Tisa Valley Preparatory p
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Date: September 28, 1998 Country: U
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River Chorna Tisa rises in the nort
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formed here, which, along with the
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«Radyansky Karpaty» - a forest re
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- the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve
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Aspleniaceae Asplenium adiantum-nig
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S. fluviatilis Wallb. S. fuchsii Gm
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Phyteuma orbiculare l. Ph. spicatum
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E. intersita Zinserl. E. palustris
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Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schr
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Marsileaceae Marsilea quadrifolia L
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Phleum alpinum L. Ph. hirsutum Honc
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A. subcrenata Bus. A. szaferi Pawl.
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Rh. serotinus (Schoenh.) Oborny Rh.
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Epilobietalia fleischeri Moor 58 Ep
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Caricion gracilis Neuhäusl 59 em.
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Alysso-Sedetalia Moravec 67 Alysso
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Piceetalia excelsae Pawłowski in P
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are mainly useful, since they consu
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52 area, categorized as oligothroph
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Physical features: within the bound
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The depth of River Tisa is 1.8 - 2.
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forests. Today these forests are in
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As to the fishes, 33 species have b
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Lasting until the end of December t
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Works of consolidation were no long
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- Scientists (researchers, museum s
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-the mayoralties of Remeţi, Săpâ
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Appendix List of Vertebrates Confir
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Columba palumbus palumbus (L.) 1758
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Calidris minuta (Leisl.) 1812 - Lit
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Chart 8. Ligneous Plants from the U
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Date: September 23, 1996 Country: U
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Down from the town of Hust River Ti
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island forests and basins attached
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of that flood. A furniture factory
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programme, in accordance with which
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Krocsko Gy. - Krocsko L.: Leafy for
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Pisces Acipenseridae Salmonidae Thy
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A. albifrons Scop. Pica pica L. A.
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Conservation measures Characteristi
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Carpathians’ fauna: its present s
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Physical features: The site is a ba
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102 Agriculture, mainly with fast-g
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Date: October 20, 1996 Country: Hun
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Salix eleagnos Iris pseudacorus Leu
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Current scientific research and fac
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112 represented by subcontinental c
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Current recreation and tourism: The
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116 The amount of yearly precipitat
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118 References: BOGOLY, J.: Király
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120 incision characteristics, with
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122 Agriculture, mainly with fast-g
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The Upper Tisa Valley Ecological ba
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128 Figure 1
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Site 3 Situated on River Bila Tisa,
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Table 1. Median grain size of sedim
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Hydrogeographical features of the U
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Figure 2 A schematic geological map
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Basin filled with Tertiary layers.
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their mass is concerned, because th
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Figure 6. Schematic valley length s
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Figure 8. Distribution of precipita
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Figure 10 Annual mean values of pre
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Figure 12 Monthly mean values of pr
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turn, may cause inestimable floodin
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Figure 14. A map of the density of
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Figure 15 The catchment area of Riv
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Figure 16 Terraces of the mountain-
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Anyhow, terraces are important comp
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Figure 17 A schematic delineation o
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high hilly region. Its rock composi
Page 167 and 168: Figure 18 Changes of the beds of Ri
Page 169 and 170: Figure 20. Average potential evapot
Page 171 and 172: Figure 21. Forest cover of the Uppe
Page 173 and 174: The floristic distribution of the v
Page 175 and 176: Reconstruction of flora, soil and l
Page 177 and 178: Fig.1. The geographical region with
Page 179 and 180: The climate in this region has a st
Page 181 and 182: Fig.6. Location of coring site, Csa
Page 183 and 184: The next sediment layer is 298-234
Page 185 and 186: Fig.7B. Physical characteristics an
Page 187 and 188: other hand the low Sr:Ba ratio indi
Page 189 and 190: after approximately 9200 BP. The sp
Page 191 and 192: Radiocarbon analysis Four evenly sp
Page 193 and 194: Fig.9. Percentage pollen and charco
Page 195 and 196: Fig.10. Archaeological findspots ar
Page 197 and 198: Fig.11. Archaeological findspots ar
Page 199 and 200: Fig.12. Fig.10. Archaeological find
Page 201 and 202: Quercus/Ulmus/Corylus/Tilia/Fraxinu
Page 203 and 204: Edwards, K.J. 1982: Man, space and
Page 205 and 206: Sherratt, A. 1982a: The development
Page 207 and 208: Appeal to the participants of the S
Page 209 and 210: Conception for the regeneration of
Page 211 and 212: Grounds for Application The crisis-
Page 213: Table 2. Carpathian Forest Research
Page 216 and 217: from the Carpathian Biosphere Reser
Page 220 and 221: Marsileaceae 7. Marsilea quadrifoli
Page 222 and 223: 61. Saxifraga stellaris L.; BT (32)
Page 224 and 225: 114. Andromeda polifolia L.;CT (!);
Page 226 and 227: 158. Sambucus ebulus L.;UT (11); H,
Page 228 and 229: 210. Iris sibirica L.; UT (28,32);
Page 230 and 231: 266. Carex davalliana Sm.; BT (32,!
Page 232 and 233: Isoëto-nanojuncetea Br. -Bl. et Tx
Page 234 and 235: 68. Frangulo-Salicetum cinereae Mal
Page 236 and 237: (P. 8.) Equisetum arvense L. 1753,
Page 238 and 239: (50) Ranunculus sardous Cr. 1763, H
Page 240 and 241: (231) Rosa afzeliana = dumalis Bech
Page 242 and 243: (395) Lathyrus tuberosus L. 1753, H
Page 244 and 245: (463) Parthenocissus inserta (Kern.
Page 246 and 247: (573) Galium mollugo L. 1753 et. G.
Page 248 and 249: Callitrichaceae (686) Callitriche p
Page 250 and 251: (784) Prunella vulgaris L. 1753, HT
Page 252 and 253: (894) Veronica prostrata L. 1753, H
Page 254 and 255: (1079) Rorippa X astylis (Rchb. 183
Page 256 and 257: (1222) Pulicaria dysenterica (L. 17
Page 258 and 259: (1385) Mycelis muralis (L. 1753 sub
Page 260 and 261: (1544) Chenopodium strictum Roth 18
Page 262 and 263: 260 Salicetum triandrae, Glycyrrhiz
Page 264 and 265: (1730) Allium oleraceum L. 1753, HT
Page 266 and 267: (1903) Carex praecox Schreb. 1771,
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ass., Bidentetea, Echinochloo-Polyg
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- Lemno-spirodeletum W. Koch 1954,
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- Rudbeckio-Solidaginetum Tx. et Ra
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Simon, T. (1952): Montán elemek az
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etc.), H. Zapalowicz (1889; etc.),
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Figure1. Map of studied area 276 Re
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Alps. This index is twice as low fo
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B. virginianum (B. virginianum subs
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F.drymeja (F. montana) - RRL (IV) F
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Myricaria germanica (Tamarix german
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S. hispanicum (S. glaucum) - RRL (I
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Salicetum retuso-reticulatae Br.-Bl
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Domin, K. (1929 -1931): Schedae ad
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Stojko, S.- Hadaè, E.- Simon, T.-
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side tributaries of River Tisa (spe
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forests and all along the riverbed
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Porphyrellus pseudoscaber (Secr.) S
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mushrooms of the Upper Lăpuş) - T
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302
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304
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306
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Water developments and their impact
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Solovka and elsewhere with over 40
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ing dyke. Further flood defences ar
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Figure 3. The Tur/Túr catchment, f
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The impacts of the Călineşti Oaş
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Figure 5. The Crasna/Kraszna catchm
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Reservoirs Following the large floo
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Figure 7. Increase of the annual mi
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Climate and hydrology are influence
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long and 23 m high consists of a 11
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the ratio of the monthly highest an
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Groundwaters From the viewpoint of
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e wider than 100 fold (Figure 12.).
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water. The levels of total nitrogen
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the 1993 December flood on the Uppe
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Chemical water quality of the upper
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General features Results and evalua
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Figure 7. Concentrations of differe
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Figure 10. Iron and manganese conce
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Table 2. Besides aluminium and merc
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Hygienic bacteriological valuation
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Table 2. Results of the bacteriolog
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References Csépai F.(1995): Data o
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356 Material and methods Samples we
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358 References Ádámosi et al. (19
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Table 1. continued 360
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During the summer and autumn journe
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Hungarian area of River Tisa 80 spe
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Table 3. Average hydrobiological pa
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Table 5. Average hydrobiological pa
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It is necessary to note that it is
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Table 7. Saprobiological characteri
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In practice, results of classificat
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conservation of the Carpathians bio
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Table 1. continue 378
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Table 1. continue 382 Notes: Pl - p
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with stagnant water, which were ass
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Monchenko V.I. (1983): Noviye dlia
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Table continue 388
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Table continue 390
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Zooplankton investigations in the U
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Fig. 1. Number of Rotatoria species
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References Bancsi I. 1986.: A kerek
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402 Figure 1. Sampling places
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The species richness of chironomids
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A study of aquatic molluscs in the
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Table 1. Distribution of mollusc sp
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Some considerations about the rheop
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The main types of benthic associati
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The high flood of the waters in the
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References Barbosa, F.A.R., Găldea
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421
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423
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1998). Besides, Ujhelyi (1971) also
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Table 1. (B) Synopsis of the Tricho
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432 1. Distribution of some species
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Figure 3. Activity graph of six cad
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436 3. Transformation of Trichopter
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Fish fauna of the Upper Tisa Ákos
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Fam. Acipenseridae 2. Ship Acipense
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We observed this species downstream
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Fam. Siluridae 43. Sheatfish Siluru
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57. Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (Li
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In addition to zonation, another si
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River Danube which is probaly why t
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Table: Fishes of the Upper Tisa 453
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Data to the fish fauna of River Tis
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were put back to the water after id
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600. - Tisza-Gravel-pit pond (Milot
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Szamos (Vásárosnamény): 05.07.19
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31. Pseudorasbora parva Schlegel, 1
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46. Salmo trutta m. fario Linnaeus,
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56. Zingel zingel Linnaeus, 1758 Sz
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Dévai, Gy., Miskolczi, M., Tóth,
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Biogeographical characterisation of
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in the lack of sufficient data abou
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on the flood plain. In Bagiszeg Per
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References Bába K. (1969): Die Mal
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480 Carychium minimum (Müller, 177
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Thus, based on staying vs. migratin
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484 Table1. Species composition and
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486 Table 1. continue
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Vertebrates of the Subcarpathian se
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are active from March to November.
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Mammals/Mammalia Insectivores/Insec
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are active at nightfall and at nigh
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Artiodactyla. The roebuck sheds its
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newly planted forests and nurseries
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Contents Preface...................
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The Upper Tisa Valley. Preparatory proposal for Ramsay

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