The Upper Tisa Valley. Preparatory proposal for Ramsay

side tributaries of River Tisa (species found in the latter sites but already enlisted in
the first chart are not included in the second chart).
The literature provides only few data about the mushrooms of the Upper-Tisa
Region. L. Hollós, in his works mentioned in the bibliography, gives an account of the
following Gasteromycetes: Itiphallus impudicus (L.) Fisch., Calvatia candida (Rostk.)
Hol., Lycoperdon furfuraceum Schaeff., L. hiemale (Bull. p.p.) emend Vitt.
From the Romanian territory of Maramuresh a total of 17 species (of that six
subterranean: Tuber aestivum Vitt., Choiromyces meandriformis Vitt., Picoa
carthusiana Tul., Elaphomyces hirtus Tul., E. aesperulus Vitt., Hysterangium fragile
Hesse) were found. Of these we found 3 species.
I started gathering and dissecting mushrooms for the Maramureshian Muzeum
in 1977; these species are the subject of the present study, while I used certain species
from the study published about my collecting trip with mycologist K. László. Some
species were re-examined (primarily the ones whose identification was difficult), or
classified by Margit Babos, Kálmán László and Dénes Pázmány, based on the material
and description sent to them. I hereby thank them for their help.
294
An account of the natural conditions influencing mushrooms
I. Along the Upper-Tisa
This region lies along the border of Romania and Ukraine, in the N-NW part of
Romania, stretching 62 km long and 50-900 m wide between the villages Valea
Viseului (at an altitude of 337 m) and Piatra (190 m). Administratively it belongs to
12 villages/towns in county Maramuresh.
Geomorphologically, data provided are from two regions: (a) the flood plain of
River Tisa, where abandoned river-beds, ox-bow lakes, tributaries and levees disrupt
the monotony of the relief, (b) terraces I-IV, with smaller or larger interruptions,
which can be traced along River Tisa.
Their substratum is Pleistocene, Holocene shales, sands, deluvium and colluvial
deposits. Their soil is usually acidic alluvial soil. In the flood plain it is rough gravelly
and sandy alluvial soil, on elevated parts it is alluvial soils humified to various
degrees, gley, pseudogley and marshy meadow soils. On the 'Livada' terrace region
there is yellowish brown forest soil.
Its climate belongs to the Df. b. k. sub-province according to Köppen, which is
characterized by a rainy, boreal climate, cold winters and cool summers - even in the
hottest month temperatures are below 22°C. The average annual temperature
calculated over many years is 8°C. The first day of the year with a temperature below
zero is October 6 on average, the last one is April 28. The average annual precipitation
is 948.6 mm.
As regards flora, plant communities in the flood plains along the Upper-Tisa
are influenced by water; their stands are steadily covered by water many times a year
(at spring thaw, at times of torrential rains and floods).