The Upper Tisa Valley. Preparatory proposal for Ramsay

Tisa, especially in the dead branches of the river, in the swamps and marshes, peat
bogs and springs in the immediate proximity of the Upper Tisa.
From the 1224 species which were identified from the sources of River Tisa to
its confluence with River Szamos, approximatively 750 species grow in the Carpathian
sector and 830 grow in the extra-Carpathian one (about 350 species are common to
both). Hoiwever, we point out the fact that for the Carpathian sector there all
discovered and identified species in the River Tisa basin were taken into account,
while for the extra-Carpathian sector species only from the river meadow and the first
terrace of River Tisa were counted.
We note, as especially interesting spots of phytogeographical significance, the
peat bog Ciorne Bahno at the village Chorna Tisa, the Kuzij natural reservation, and
the Narcissum-meadows at Kiresi (257 ha) and at Bustino. In the latter a very special
cenosis of Molinia coerulea with much Spiraea salicifolia, a rare species in the
Ukrainian flora, is found.
Along the Upper Tisa, from its sources to the confluence with River Szamos,
the flora and vegetation is distributed in accordance with levels, due to
geomorphological relief characteristics and to the climatic features.
Thus, on the subalpine and alpine levels (1600 - 2061 m a.s.l.) typical
phytocenoses of rocky regions occur, with weeds and lawns belonging to the following
vegetal associations: Juncetum trifidi with fac. cetrariosum, Oreochloo-Juncetum
trifidi, Polytrichetum sexangularis, Luzuletum alpino- pilosae, Festucetum pictae,
Poaetum deylii, Diantho tenuifolii-Festucetum amethystinae, (Seslerio heuflerianae)-
Caricetum sempervirentis, Primulo-Caricetum curvulae, Festucetum sudeticae with
subass. nardetosum and vaccinietosum and fac. gnaphaliosum, (Seslerio)- Festucetum
versicoloris, Diantho compacti-Festucetum porcii, Seslerietum coerulantis, Hyperico
grisebachii-Calamagrostietum villosae, Rumicii-Deschampsietum caespitosae,
Adenostylo-Doronicetum austriacii a.o. Among subalpine and alpine shrubs we note:
Vaccinio-Pinetum mugi with subass. calamagrostietosum villosae, rumicetosum
carpaticae and sphagnetosum and fac. athyriosum and cetrariosum, Vaccinio-
Juniperetum nanae with fac. deschampsiosum and calamagrostidosum, Rhododendro-
Vaccinietum, Pulmonario filarszkyanae- Alnetum viridis with fac. athyriosum,
Cetrario-Vaccinietum myrtilli, Cetrario- Vaccinietum gaultherioidis, Loiseleurietum
procumbentis, Salicetum herbaceae, Soldanello hungaricae-Salicetum kitaibelianae.
At the mountain level (400 - 600 m a.s.l.) forests are dominant; they are
replaced, on relatively small surfaces, by secondary lawns. These forests are: beech
forests between (400) 500-1000 (1100) m a.s.l., mixed forests of deciduous (leafy) and
resinous trees between 800 m-1300 m a.s.l., and spruce firs between (1000) 1100-1600
(1665) m a.s.l. The most extensive forest types belong to the following associations:
Symphyto cordati-Fagetum with subass. asperuletosum and mercurialetosum and fac.
dentariosum, Phyllitidi-Fagetum, Abieti-Fagetum with fac. oxalidosum, athyriosum
and galeobdolosum, Leucanthemo waldsteinii- Piceo-Fagetum with subass.
mercurialetosum, asperuletosum and fac. petasitosum and stellariosum nemori,
Hieracio rotundati- Piceetum, Luzulo silvaticae-Piceetum, Oxalo-Piceetum, Vaccinio
myrtilli-Piceetum with fac. muscosum and Sphagno-Piceetum. To these, shrubs
belonging the associations Coryletum avellanae, Spiraeetum ulmifoliae, Sambucetum
nigrae, Salici capreae-Sambucetum racemosae are added. The lawns, used especially
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