The Upper Tisa Valley. Preparatory proposal for Ramsay

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The Upper Tisa Valley Preparatory proposal for Ramsar site designation and an ecological background Hungarian, Romanian, Slovakian and Ukrainian co-operation Contributing Organizations Ramsar Small Grants Fund for Wetland Conservation and Wise Use, Switzerland Regional Environmental Center, Budapest, Hungary Regional Water Works, Szolnok, Hungary Editors: Hamar, J. & A. Sárkány-Kiss Cover design and layout: Mária Bodolai Executive manager: József Hamar, Tisza Klub Published by Tisza Klub & Liga Pro Europa Printed by Tisza Nyomda Kft. 5000 Szolnok Himba út 5. Hungary ISSN 1418-0448 ISBN 963 03 7645 8 Tisza Klub for Environment and Nature 5001 Szolnok, Pf. 148, Hungary Liga Pro Europa 4300 Târgu Mureş, P.O. Box 1-154, Romania
Preface The River Tisa catchment area is one of the most important regions in the Danube River Basin. Since 1991, we have been studying the transboundary river valleys from their headwaters to their junctions with River Tisa. The Upper Tisza region is not just a culturally and ethnically unique territory, but also has a diverse natural and life history. Prospective social and economic changes, as a result of the transition from one economic and social system to another, now threaten this region where natural resources, forests, water, are of the greatest value to the people living there. This book is a case-study of the Upper-Tisa Valley, where besides surveying the ecological background, we have completed a proposal for the establishment of a 400 km long (about 140 000 ha) transboundary Ramsar Wetland System. The Project has been carried through by non-governmental organisations of four countries: Hungary, Romania, Ukraine and Slovakia. We hope our ambition can contribute to building the Pan-European Ecological Network, furthermore the natural and cultural heritage of the regions can be components of a sustainable development. József Hamar Tisza Klub Szolnok, Hungary Andrei Sárkány-Kiss Liga Pro Europa, Environmental Group Targu Mures, Romania 5
Page 1: TISCIA monograph series The Upper T
Page 4 and 5: TISCIA monograph series 1. J. Hamar
Page 9 and 10: Foreword The basic obligations of t
Page 11: The Upper Tisa Valley Preparatory p
Page 15 and 16: Date: September 28, 1998 Country: U
Page 17 and 18: River Chorna Tisa rises in the nort
Page 19 and 20: formed here, which, along with the
Page 21 and 22: «Radyansky Karpaty» - a forest re
Page 23: - the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve
Page 26 and 27: Aspleniaceae Asplenium adiantum-nig
Page 28 and 29: S. fluviatilis Wallb. S. fuchsii Gm
Page 30 and 31: Phyteuma orbiculare l. Ph. spicatum
Page 32 and 33: E. intersita Zinserl. E. palustris
Page 34 and 35: Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schr
Page 36 and 37: Marsileaceae Marsilea quadrifolia L
Page 38 and 39: Phleum alpinum L. Ph. hirsutum Honc
Page 40 and 41: A. subcrenata Bus. A. szaferi Pawl.
Page 42 and 43: Rh. serotinus (Schoenh.) Oborny Rh.
Page 44 and 45: Epilobietalia fleischeri Moor 58 Ep
Page 46 and 47: Caricion gracilis Neuhäusl 59 em.
Page 48 and 49: Alysso-Sedetalia Moravec 67 Alysso
Page 50 and 51: Piceetalia excelsae Pawłowski in P
Page 52 and 53: are mainly useful, since they consu
Page 54 and 55: 52 area, categorized as oligothroph
Page 56 and 57:
Physical features: within the bound
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The depth of River Tisa is 1.8 - 2.
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forests. Today these forests are in
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As to the fishes, 33 species have b
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Lasting until the end of December t
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Works of consolidation were no long
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- Scientists (researchers, museum s
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-the mayoralties of Remeţi, Săpâ
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Appendix List of Vertebrates Confir
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Columba palumbus palumbus (L.) 1758
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Calidris minuta (Leisl.) 1812 - Lit
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Chart 8. Ligneous Plants from the U
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Date: September 23, 1996 Country: U
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Down from the town of Hust River Ti
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island forests and basins attached
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of that flood. A furniture factory
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programme, in accordance with which
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Krocsko Gy. - Krocsko L.: Leafy for
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Pisces Acipenseridae Salmonidae Thy
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A. albifrons Scop. Pica pica L. A.
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Conservation measures Characteristi
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Carpathians’ fauna: its present s
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Physical features: The site is a ba
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102 Agriculture, mainly with fast-g
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Date: October 20, 1996 Country: Hun
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Salix eleagnos Iris pseudacorus Leu
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Current scientific research and fac
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112 represented by subcontinental c
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Current recreation and tourism: The
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116 The amount of yearly precipitat
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118 References: BOGOLY, J.: Király
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120 incision characteristics, with
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122 Agriculture, mainly with fast-g
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The Upper Tisa Valley Ecological ba
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128 Figure 1
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Site 3 Situated on River Bila Tisa,
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Table 1. Median grain size of sedim
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Hydrogeographical features of the U
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Figure 2 A schematic geological map
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Basin filled with Tertiary layers.
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their mass is concerned, because th
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Figure 6. Schematic valley length s
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Figure 8. Distribution of precipita
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Figure 10 Annual mean values of pre
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Figure 12 Monthly mean values of pr
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turn, may cause inestimable floodin
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Figure 14. A map of the density of
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Figure 15 The catchment area of Riv
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Figure 16 Terraces of the mountain-
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Anyhow, terraces are important comp
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Figure 17 A schematic delineation o
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high hilly region. Its rock composi
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Figure 18 Changes of the beds of Ri
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Figure 20. Average potential evapot
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Figure 21. Forest cover of the Uppe
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The floristic distribution of the v
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Reconstruction of flora, soil and l
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Fig.1. The geographical region with
Page 179 and 180:
The climate in this region has a st
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Fig.6. Location of coring site, Csa
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The next sediment layer is 298-234
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Fig.7B. Physical characteristics an
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other hand the low Sr:Ba ratio indi
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after approximately 9200 BP. The sp
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Radiocarbon analysis Four evenly sp
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Fig.9. Percentage pollen and charco
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Fig.10. Archaeological findspots ar
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Fig.11. Archaeological findspots ar
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Fig.12. Fig.10. Archaeological find
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Quercus/Ulmus/Corylus/Tilia/Fraxinu
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Edwards, K.J. 1982: Man, space and
Page 205 and 206:
Sherratt, A. 1982a: The development
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Appeal to the participants of the S
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Conception for the regeneration of
Page 211 and 212:
Grounds for Application The crisis-
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Table 2. Carpathian Forest Research
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from the Carpathian Biosphere Reser
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Tisa, especially in the dead branch
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Marsileaceae 7. Marsilea quadrifoli
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61. Saxifraga stellaris L.; BT (32)
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114. Andromeda polifolia L.;CT (!);
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158. Sambucus ebulus L.;UT (11); H,
Page 228 and 229:
210. Iris sibirica L.; UT (28,32);
Page 230 and 231:
266. Carex davalliana Sm.; BT (32,!
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Isoëto-nanojuncetea Br. -Bl. et Tx
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68. Frangulo-Salicetum cinereae Mal
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(P. 8.) Equisetum arvense L. 1753,
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(50) Ranunculus sardous Cr. 1763, H
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(231) Rosa afzeliana = dumalis Bech
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(395) Lathyrus tuberosus L. 1753, H
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(463) Parthenocissus inserta (Kern.
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(573) Galium mollugo L. 1753 et. G.
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Callitrichaceae (686) Callitriche p
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(784) Prunella vulgaris L. 1753, HT
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(894) Veronica prostrata L. 1753, H
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(1079) Rorippa X astylis (Rchb. 183
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(1222) Pulicaria dysenterica (L. 17
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(1385) Mycelis muralis (L. 1753 sub
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(1544) Chenopodium strictum Roth 18
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260 Salicetum triandrae, Glycyrrhiz
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(1730) Allium oleraceum L. 1753, HT
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(1903) Carex praecox Schreb. 1771,
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ass., Bidentetea, Echinochloo-Polyg
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- Lemno-spirodeletum W. Koch 1954,
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- Rudbeckio-Solidaginetum Tx. et Ra
Page 274 and 275:
Simon, T. (1952): Montán elemek az
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etc.), H. Zapalowicz (1889; etc.),
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Figure1. Map of studied area 276 Re
Page 280 and 281:
Alps. This index is twice as low fo
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B. virginianum (B. virginianum subs
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F.drymeja (F. montana) - RRL (IV) F
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Myricaria germanica (Tamarix german
Page 288 and 289:
S. hispanicum (S. glaucum) - RRL (I
Page 290 and 291:
Salicetum retuso-reticulatae Br.-Bl
Page 292 and 293:
Domin, K. (1929 -1931): Schedae ad
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Stojko, S.- Hadaè, E.- Simon, T.-
Page 296 and 297:
side tributaries of River Tisa (spe
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forests and all along the riverbed
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Porphyrellus pseudoscaber (Secr.) S
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mushrooms of the Upper Lăpuş) - T
Page 304 and 305:
302
Page 306 and 307:
304
Page 308 and 309:
306
Page 311 and 312:
Water developments and their impact
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Solovka and elsewhere with over 40
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ing dyke. Further flood defences ar
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Figure 3. The Tur/Túr catchment, f
Page 319 and 320:
The impacts of the Călineşti Oaş
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Figure 5. The Crasna/Kraszna catchm
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Reservoirs Following the large floo
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Figure 7. Increase of the annual mi
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Climate and hydrology are influence
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long and 23 m high consists of a 11
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the ratio of the monthly highest an
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Groundwaters From the viewpoint of
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e wider than 100 fold (Figure 12.).
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water. The levels of total nitrogen
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the 1993 December flood on the Uppe
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Chemical water quality of the upper
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General features Results and evalua
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Figure 7. Concentrations of differe
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Figure 10. Iron and manganese conce
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Table 2. Besides aluminium and merc
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Hygienic bacteriological valuation
Page 353 and 354:
Table 2. Results of the bacteriolog
Page 355:
References Csépai F.(1995): Data o
Page 358 and 359:
356 Material and methods Samples we
Page 360 and 361:
358 References Ádámosi et al. (19
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Table 1. continued 360
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During the summer and autumn journe
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Hungarian area of River Tisa 80 spe
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Table 3. Average hydrobiological pa
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Table 5. Average hydrobiological pa
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It is necessary to note that it is
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Table 7. Saprobiological characteri
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In practice, results of classificat
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conservation of the Carpathians bio
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Table 1. continue 378
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Table 1. continue 382 Notes: Pl - p
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with stagnant water, which were ass
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Monchenko V.I. (1983): Noviye dlia
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Table continue 388
Page 392 and 393:
Table continue 390
Page 395 and 396:
Zooplankton investigations in the U
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Fig. 1. Number of Rotatoria species
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References Bancsi I. 1986.: A kerek
Page 401:
Page 404 and 405:
402 Figure 1. Sampling places
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Page 408 and 409:
The species richness of chironomids
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A study of aquatic molluscs in the
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Table 1. Distribution of mollusc sp
Page 415 and 416:
Some considerations about the rheop
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The main types of benthic associati
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The high flood of the waters in the
Page 421 and 422:
References Barbosa, F.A.R., Găldea
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421
Page 425 and 426:
423
Page 427:
Page 430 and 431:
1998). Besides, Ujhelyi (1971) also
Page 432 and 433:
Table 1. (B) Synopsis of the Tricho
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432 1. Distribution of some species
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Figure 3. Activity graph of six cad
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436 3. Transformation of Trichopter
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Fish fauna of the Upper Tisa Ákos
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Fam. Acipenseridae 2. Ship Acipense
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We observed this species downstream
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Fam. Siluridae 43. Sheatfish Siluru
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57. Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (Li
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In addition to zonation, another si
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River Danube which is probaly why t
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Table: Fishes of the Upper Tisa 453
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Data to the fish fauna of River Tis
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were put back to the water after id
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600. - Tisza-Gravel-pit pond (Milot
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Szamos (Vásárosnamény): 05.07.19
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31. Pseudorasbora parva Schlegel, 1
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46. Salmo trutta m. fario Linnaeus,
Page 469 and 470:
56. Zingel zingel Linnaeus, 1758 Sz
Page 471 and 472:
Dévai, Gy., Miskolczi, M., Tóth,
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Biogeographical characterisation of
Page 475 and 476:
in the lack of sufficient data abou
Page 477 and 478:
on the flood plain. In Bagiszeg Per
Page 479:
References Bába K. (1969): Die Mal
Page 482 and 483:
480 Carychium minimum (Müller, 177
Page 484 and 485:
Thus, based on staying vs. migratin
Page 486 and 487:
484 Table1. Species composition and
Page 488 and 489:
486 Table 1. continue
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Vertebrates of the Subcarpathian se
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are active from March to November.
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Mammals/Mammalia Insectivores/Insec
Page 497 and 498:
are active at nightfall and at nigh
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Artiodactyla. The roebuck sheds its
Page 501 and 502:
newly planted forests and nurseries
Page 503 and 504:
Contents Preface...................
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