The Upper Tisa Valley. Preparatory proposal for Ramsay

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476 Summary In the course of a 2 years long biological inventory carried out on the Szatmár- Bereg Plain, more than 4000 entities of land snails were identified and classified into 43 species. Consequently, we could enlarge our information about the range of land snail species with 218 data. On the basis of the outstanding 11% presence of Carphatian species within the 30% of Middle-European mountain elements found in the forests, we suggest that “Praecarpathicum”, as a new distinctive zoogeographical unit should be introduced. This zoogeographical unit developed between the foothill of Carpathians and lowland region, around the Carpathian forested mountain region, which called Carpathicum (Soós, 1943). Some fragments of the Carpathicum can be found on the side of rivers which spring from Carpathian mountain. The hidrochor spreading Mollusc species can colonise in these closed forested fragments (green corridor effect: Deli et al. 1994). Probably, the Praecarpathicum is a biogeographical fluctuation zone of Carpathian and Central European shade-loving Molluscan elements where the forest habitat loving molluscs can spread in the favourable, warm and wet climatic cycles of Quaternary and they could survive in some small oasis-like spots, which were the rest of temperate forests (the biogegoraphical islands of Carpathicum), during the unfavourable, cold and dry climatic cycles. The quartermalacological (Sümegi-Szabó, 1992) and recent malacological data suggest that some small diffusion forest spots developed in the Bereg Plain during the last glacial of Pleistocene. The shade-loving Mollusc elements (e.g. Vestia turgida, Cochlodina laminata, Perforatella vicina) could survive in these forest spots during the Weichselian glacial cold phases.Then these elements expanded from these small oasis spots (Willis et al 1998) at the transition of the lateglacial/postglacial time when an sharp and large increase developed in the temperature and humidity (Bennett et al. 1991, Kutzbach-Guetter, 1986, Willis et al. 1995). Based on the radiocarbon-dated quartermalacological records (Sümegi- Hertelendi, 1998) the best place for refugial forest population could be found between the foothill and floodplain zone where higher temperature microclimate on the southern slope associated with more humid microenvironment. Similar situation developed in the region of Bereg Plain where a wet floodplain has surrounded some small volcanic hills (e.g. Tipet-hill at Barabás, Nagy-hill at Tarpa). Thus the effect of the slope morphology and base-rock: the altitudinal microclimatic gradients and mosaic microenvironments (lithobiomes) were favourable for developing of relict forest populations during the Pleistocene glacial times. These results suggest that some important refugial spots of temperate trees with shade-loving mollusc species developed on the studied region. Although this forest refugial area was effectively an isolated community but importance of these refugial areas for both short-and long-term conservation of biodiversity cannot be overestimated (Willis, 1996). Thus present day diversity of the forest habitat loving fauna and flora on the Bereg Plain is probably related not only to its geographical situation (between the Carpathian mountains and the Great Hungarian Plain) and green corridor effects but also is refugial role.
References Bába K. (1969): Die Malakozoologie einiger Moorwalder in Alföld. - Opusc. Zool. 9. pp.71-76. Bába K. (1983): A Szatmár-Beregi sík szárazföldi csigái és környezetükre levonható következtetések. - Acta Acadaemica Pedagogiensis Szeged Ser. Biologica-Geographica, 12. pp. 27-41. Bennett, K.D.-Tzedakis, P.C.-Willis, K.J. (1991): Quaternary refugia of Northern Europe trees. - J. Biogeography, 18. pp. 103-115. Deli T.-Kiss J.-Sümegi P. (1993): Elõzetes adatok a barabási Kaszonyi-hegy Mollusca faunájához. - Malakológiai Tájékoztató, 12. pp. 75-77. Deli, T.-Dobó, T.-Kiss, J.-Sümegi, P. (1995): Hinweise über die Funktion eines “Grünnen Korridors” entlang der Tisza (Teiss) auf Grund der Molluskenfauna. - Malakológiai Tájékoztató, 14. pp. 29-32. Domokos T. (1992): A klíma hatása a Helicigona banatica csigafaj házának alaki jellemzõire egyik alföldi elõfordulási helyén. - Alföldi Tanulmányok, 11. pp. 46-57 Fintha I.-Sümegi P.-Szilágyi G. (1993): A Chilostoma banaticum faj új élõhelye Magyarországon. - Malakológiai Tájékoztató, 12. pp. 29-33 Huggett, R.J. (1995): Geoecology. - Routledge Press, London Kerney, M. P. - Cameron, R. A. D. - Jungbluth, J. H. (1983): Die Landschnecken Nord- und Mitteleuropas. - Parey Kiadó, Hamburg und Berlin Pintér, L. - Richnovszky, A. - Szigethy A. (1979): A magyarországi recens puhatestûek elterjedése. - Soosiana, Suppl. p. 350. Budapest Soós L. (1943): A Kárpát-medence Mollusca faunája. - Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest Sólymos, P. (1996): Ecological and biogeographical investigation of the recent mollusc fauna of Szársomlyó (S Hungary), southern side. - Malakológiai Tájékoztató, 15. pp. 61-67. Sólymos, P.-Nagy, A. (1997): The recent mollusc fauna of the Szársomlyó (S Hungary): spatial pattern and microclimate. - Malakológiai Tájékoztató, 16. pp. 35-42. Sümegi P.-Szabó E. (1992): Elsõ adatok a tarpai szigethegy löszének puhatestû (Mollusca) faunájáról. - Calandrella, 6. pp. 37-44. Sümegi P.-Hertelendi, E. (1998): Reconstruction of microenvironmental changes in Kopasz Hill loess area at Tokaj (Hungary) between 15.000-70.000 BP years. - Radiocarbon, 40. pp. 855-863. Willis, K.J. (1996): Where did all the flowers go? The fate of temperate European flora during glacial periods. - Endeavour, 20. pp.110-114. Willis, K.J.-Sümegi, P.-Braun, M.-Tóth, A. (1995): The late Quaternary environmental history of Bátorliget, N.E. Hungary. - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 118. pp. 25-47. Willis, K.J.-Rudner, E.-Sümegi, P. 1998. The full-glacial forests of central and southern Europe: Evidence from Hungarian palaeoecological records. submitted to Quaternary Research Tamás Deli Pál Sümegi Department of Zoology Department of Geology University L. Kossuth University L. Kossuth Debrecen Debrecen Hungary Hungary 477
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TISCIA monograph series The Upper T
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TISCIA monograph series 1. J. Hamar
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The Upper Tisa Valley Preparatory p
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Foreword The basic obligations of t
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The Upper Tisa Valley Preparatory p
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Date: September 28, 1998 Country: U
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River Chorna Tisa rises in the nort
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formed here, which, along with the
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«Radyansky Karpaty» - a forest re
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- the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve
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Aspleniaceae Asplenium adiantum-nig
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S. fluviatilis Wallb. S. fuchsii Gm
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Phyteuma orbiculare l. Ph. spicatum
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E. intersita Zinserl. E. palustris
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Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schr
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Marsileaceae Marsilea quadrifolia L
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Phleum alpinum L. Ph. hirsutum Honc
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A. subcrenata Bus. A. szaferi Pawl.
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Rh. serotinus (Schoenh.) Oborny Rh.
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Epilobietalia fleischeri Moor 58 Ep
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Caricion gracilis Neuhäusl 59 em.
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Alysso-Sedetalia Moravec 67 Alysso
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Piceetalia excelsae Pawłowski in P
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are mainly useful, since they consu
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52 area, categorized as oligothroph
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Physical features: within the bound
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The depth of River Tisa is 1.8 - 2.
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forests. Today these forests are in
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As to the fishes, 33 species have b
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Lasting until the end of December t
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Works of consolidation were no long
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- Scientists (researchers, museum s
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-the mayoralties of Remeţi, Săpâ
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Appendix List of Vertebrates Confir
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Columba palumbus palumbus (L.) 1758
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Calidris minuta (Leisl.) 1812 - Lit
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Chart 8. Ligneous Plants from the U
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Date: September 23, 1996 Country: U
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Down from the town of Hust River Ti
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island forests and basins attached
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of that flood. A furniture factory
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programme, in accordance with which
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Krocsko Gy. - Krocsko L.: Leafy for
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Pisces Acipenseridae Salmonidae Thy
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A. albifrons Scop. Pica pica L. A.
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Conservation measures Characteristi
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Carpathians’ fauna: its present s
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Physical features: The site is a ba
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102 Agriculture, mainly with fast-g
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Date: October 20, 1996 Country: Hun
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Salix eleagnos Iris pseudacorus Leu
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Current scientific research and fac
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112 represented by subcontinental c
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Current recreation and tourism: The
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116 The amount of yearly precipitat
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118 References: BOGOLY, J.: Király
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120 incision characteristics, with
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122 Agriculture, mainly with fast-g
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The Upper Tisa Valley Ecological ba
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128 Figure 1
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Site 3 Situated on River Bila Tisa,
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Table 1. Median grain size of sedim
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Hydrogeographical features of the U
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Figure 2 A schematic geological map
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Basin filled with Tertiary layers.
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their mass is concerned, because th
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Figure 6. Schematic valley length s
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Figure 8. Distribution of precipita
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Figure 10 Annual mean values of pre
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Figure 12 Monthly mean values of pr
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turn, may cause inestimable floodin
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Figure 14. A map of the density of
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Figure 15 The catchment area of Riv
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Figure 16 Terraces of the mountain-
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Anyhow, terraces are important comp
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Figure 17 A schematic delineation o
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high hilly region. Its rock composi
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Figure 18 Changes of the beds of Ri
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Figure 20. Average potential evapot
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Figure 21. Forest cover of the Uppe
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The floristic distribution of the v
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Reconstruction of flora, soil and l
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Fig.1. The geographical region with
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The climate in this region has a st
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Fig.6. Location of coring site, Csa
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The next sediment layer is 298-234
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Fig.7B. Physical characteristics an
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other hand the low Sr:Ba ratio indi
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after approximately 9200 BP. The sp
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Radiocarbon analysis Four evenly sp
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Fig.9. Percentage pollen and charco
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Fig.10. Archaeological findspots ar
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Fig.11. Archaeological findspots ar
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Fig.12. Fig.10. Archaeological find
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Quercus/Ulmus/Corylus/Tilia/Fraxinu
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Edwards, K.J. 1982: Man, space and
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Sherratt, A. 1982a: The development
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Appeal to the participants of the S
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Conception for the regeneration of
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Grounds for Application The crisis-
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Table 2. Carpathian Forest Research
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from the Carpathian Biosphere Reser
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Tisa, especially in the dead branch
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Marsileaceae 7. Marsilea quadrifoli
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61. Saxifraga stellaris L.; BT (32)
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114. Andromeda polifolia L.;CT (!);
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158. Sambucus ebulus L.;UT (11); H,
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210. Iris sibirica L.; UT (28,32);
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266. Carex davalliana Sm.; BT (32,!
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Isoëto-nanojuncetea Br. -Bl. et Tx
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68. Frangulo-Salicetum cinereae Mal
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(P. 8.) Equisetum arvense L. 1753,
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(50) Ranunculus sardous Cr. 1763, H
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(231) Rosa afzeliana = dumalis Bech
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(395) Lathyrus tuberosus L. 1753, H
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(463) Parthenocissus inserta (Kern.
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(573) Galium mollugo L. 1753 et. G.
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Callitrichaceae (686) Callitriche p
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(784) Prunella vulgaris L. 1753, HT
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(894) Veronica prostrata L. 1753, H
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(1079) Rorippa X astylis (Rchb. 183
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(1222) Pulicaria dysenterica (L. 17
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(1385) Mycelis muralis (L. 1753 sub
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(1544) Chenopodium strictum Roth 18
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260 Salicetum triandrae, Glycyrrhiz
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(1730) Allium oleraceum L. 1753, HT
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(1903) Carex praecox Schreb. 1771,
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ass., Bidentetea, Echinochloo-Polyg
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- Lemno-spirodeletum W. Koch 1954,
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- Rudbeckio-Solidaginetum Tx. et Ra
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Simon, T. (1952): Montán elemek az
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etc.), H. Zapalowicz (1889; etc.),
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Figure1. Map of studied area 276 Re
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Alps. This index is twice as low fo
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B. virginianum (B. virginianum subs
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F.drymeja (F. montana) - RRL (IV) F
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Myricaria germanica (Tamarix german
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S. hispanicum (S. glaucum) - RRL (I
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Salicetum retuso-reticulatae Br.-Bl
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Domin, K. (1929 -1931): Schedae ad
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Stojko, S.- Hadaè, E.- Simon, T.-
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side tributaries of River Tisa (spe
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forests and all along the riverbed
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Porphyrellus pseudoscaber (Secr.) S
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mushrooms of the Upper Lăpuş) - T
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302
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304
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306
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Water developments and their impact
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Solovka and elsewhere with over 40
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ing dyke. Further flood defences ar
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Figure 3. The Tur/Túr catchment, f
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The impacts of the Călineşti Oaş
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Figure 5. The Crasna/Kraszna catchm
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Reservoirs Following the large floo
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Figure 7. Increase of the annual mi
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Climate and hydrology are influence
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long and 23 m high consists of a 11
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the ratio of the monthly highest an
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Groundwaters From the viewpoint of
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e wider than 100 fold (Figure 12.).
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water. The levels of total nitrogen
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the 1993 December flood on the Uppe
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Chemical water quality of the upper
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General features Results and evalua
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Figure 7. Concentrations of differe
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Figure 10. Iron and manganese conce
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Table 2. Besides aluminium and merc
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Hygienic bacteriological valuation
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Table 2. Results of the bacteriolog
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References Csépai F.(1995): Data o
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356 Material and methods Samples we
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358 References Ádámosi et al. (19
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Table 1. continued 360
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During the summer and autumn journe
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Hungarian area of River Tisa 80 spe
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Table 3. Average hydrobiological pa
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Table 5. Average hydrobiological pa
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It is necessary to note that it is
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Table 7. Saprobiological characteri
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In practice, results of classificat
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conservation of the Carpathians bio
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Table 1. continue 378
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Table 1. continue 382 Notes: Pl - p
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with stagnant water, which were ass
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Monchenko V.I. (1983): Noviye dlia
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Table continue 388
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Table continue 390
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Zooplankton investigations in the U
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Fig. 1. Number of Rotatoria species
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References Bancsi I. 1986.: A kerek
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402 Figure 1. Sampling places
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The species richness of chironomids
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A study of aquatic molluscs in the
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Table 1. Distribution of mollusc sp
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Some considerations about the rheop
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The main types of benthic associati
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The high flood of the waters in the
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References Barbosa, F.A.R., Găldea
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421
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423
Page 427: Table 1. continue 425
Page 430 and 431: 1998). Besides, Ujhelyi (1971) also
Page 432 and 433: Table 1. (B) Synopsis of the Tricho
Page 434 and 435: 432 1. Distribution of some species
Page 436 and 437: Figure 3. Activity graph of six cad
Page 438 and 439: 436 3. Transformation of Trichopter
Page 441 and 442: Fish fauna of the Upper Tisa Ákos
Page 443 and 444: Fam. Acipenseridae 2. Ship Acipense
Page 445 and 446: We observed this species downstream
Page 447 and 448: Fam. Siluridae 43. Sheatfish Siluru
Page 449 and 450: 57. Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (Li
Page 451 and 452: In addition to zonation, another si
Page 453 and 454: River Danube which is probaly why t
Page 455 and 456: Table: Fishes of the Upper Tisa 453
Page 457 and 458: Data to the fish fauna of River Tis
Page 459 and 460: were put back to the water after id
Page 461 and 462: 600. - Tisza-Gravel-pit pond (Milot
Page 463 and 464: Szamos (Vásárosnamény): 05.07.19
Page 465 and 466: 31. Pseudorasbora parva Schlegel, 1
Page 467 and 468: 46. Salmo trutta m. fario Linnaeus,
Page 469 and 470: 56. Zingel zingel Linnaeus, 1758 Sz
Page 471 and 472: Dévai, Gy., Miskolczi, M., Tóth,
Page 473 and 474: Biogeographical characterisation of
Page 475 and 476: in the lack of sufficient data abou
Page 477: on the flood plain. In Bagiszeg Per
Page 482 and 483: 480 Carychium minimum (Müller, 177
Page 484 and 485: Thus, based on staying vs. migratin
Page 486 and 487: 484 Table1. Species composition and
Page 488 and 489: 486 Table 1. continue
Page 491 and 492: Vertebrates of the Subcarpathian se
Page 493 and 494: are active from March to November.
Page 495 and 496: Mammals/Mammalia Insectivores/Insec
Page 497 and 498: are active at nightfall and at nigh
Page 499 and 500: Artiodactyla. The roebuck sheds its
Page 501 and 502: newly planted forests and nurseries
Page 503 and 504: Contents Preface...................
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The Upper Tisa Valley. Preparatory proposal for Ramsay

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