PNNL-13501 - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

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Analyses of populations of viable anaerobic bacteria showed significant populations of anaerobic bacteria during both sampling periods. These populations included nitrate-respiring, sulfate-reducing (Table 1), and ferric iron-reducing bacteria. Table 1. Population estimates of viable anaerobic bacteria in Columbia River hyporheic sediments sampled by freezecore (FC) and ambient hand auger (AC) Sample ID Denitrifying Bacteria Fe(III)reducing Bacteria Sampling Date cells g -1 sediment FC1 3/23/2000 10 3 FC2 >10 4 FC3 >10 4 AC1 3/23/2000 >10 4 AC2 >10 4 AC3 >10 4 FC4 5/2/2000 10 4 FC5 >10 6 FC6 10 5 AC4 5/2/2000 >10 6 AC5 >10 6 AC6 >10 6 River water (cells mL -1 ) Pore Water Geochemistry Sulfatereducing Bacteria 202 FY 2000 <strong>Laboratory</strong> Directed Research and Development Annual Report 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 >10 3 10 1 >10 3 10 2 10 2 >10 3 >10 3 5/2/2000 10 4 >10 4 10 3 >10 4 >10 4 10 4 10 4 10 3 10 5 10 4 10 4
Development and Validation of Mesocosms for Experimentally Investigating Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Wetlands Study Control Number: PN00027/1434 Ron Thom, Michael Huesemann, Dana Woodruff Carbon dioxide, the principal greenhouse gas emitted by fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, adds annually about 3.5 billion metric tonnes of carbon to the atmosphere. Soil carbon sequestration is needed to reduce accumulation of carbon in the atmosphere to reduce risks of climatic change. Restoration of wetlands, fertilization, hydrological manipulation, and other methods might allow wetlands to sequester an additional 0.1 to 0.7 billion metric tonness per year. Project Description Restoration of wetlands is a potental method for sequestering large amounts of carbon in the soil, thereby reducing accumulation of atmospheric carbon. Recently, the <strong>National</strong> Panel on Carbon Sequestration (Reichle et al. 1999) estimated that wetland carbon sequestration could be substantially increased. Restoration may be the least costly and least uncertain alternative for sequestering carbon in wetlands. However, no comprehensive program has studied how such restorative actions affect carbon sequestration rates. This project examined the use of mesocosms to measure carbon sequestration in natural and restored wetlands. This study also demonstrated the use of mesocosms for evaluating enhanced carbon sequestration in wetlands, developed new methods for assessing soil organic carbon, and established the groundwork for verifying enhanced carbon sequestration via remote sensing on regional and larger scales. We conducted greenhouse experiments where hydrology and salinity were manipulated in small mesocosms, collected and analyzed soil samples from several restored and natural tidal marshes as well as eelgrass meadows of varying post-restoration age marshes, investigated the use of spectral radiance in monitoring differences in the amounts of carbon stored in wetland systems, and constructed a prototype automated gas flux mesocosm. Greenhouse mesocosms did not show increased total organic carbon content after a 5-month study period, but did show total organic carbon content similar to that of field-sampled plots. Total organic carbon measured from natural and restored marsh systems indicated that restoration of tidal flooding resulted in a recovery of soil total organic carbon to natural levels after about 10 years following restoration. Several indices used to measure crop stress and photosynthetic function were applied to our spectral reflectance data, including the normalized difference vegetation index, the red-edge vegetation stress index, and the photosynthetic reflectance index. The photosynthetic reflectance index appeared most promising and may be an indicator of photosynthetic radiation use and net CO2 uptake. Construction of the automated gas flux mesocosm was completed. Introduction No comprehensive studies have determined whether wetland restoration affects carbon sequestration rates. This project examined the use of mesocosms to measure carbon sequestration in natural and restored wetlands. We wanted to know how well mesocosms compare to field conditions and resolve differences in carbon sequestration. To this end, we tested the following hypotheses: Ho1: Organic carbon storage is the same in mesocosms as compared with natural wetland systems. Ho2: Restoration of hydrologically altered wetlands does not enhance carbon sequestration. Ho3: Spectral radiance does not differ between systems differing in carbon sequestration rate. We expected that the mesocosms would provide a good match to natural systems and that restoration would result in enhanced carbon sequestration. Approach The technical approach focused on five tasks that addressed our three hypotheses. Earth System Science 203
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Laboratory Directed Research and De
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Laboratory Directed Research and De
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Computational Science and Engineeri
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Policy and Management Sciences Asse
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Introduction Department of Energy O
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5. After reviews by the Technical a
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• The Technical Council peer revi
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methods applicable to combustion, s
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Summary Each national laboratory mu
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Study Control Number: PN0004/1411 A
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Table 1. Positive and negative ions
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m/z Arbitrary Units Figure 1. Mass
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introduce low-volatility compounds
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arrangement, but the charge is reta
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two liquid chromatographic gradient
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Integrated Microfabricated Devices
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Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Io
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Molecular Beam Synthesis and Charac
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temperature distribution of the des
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expected to result in significant a
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Study Control Number: PN99069/1397
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Seuss DT and KA Prather. 1999. “M
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Analysis of Receptor-Modulated Ion
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laboratory (Lu and Xie 1997; Lu et
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Automated DNA Fingerprinting Microa
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Comparison of 4 Xanthomonas Isolate
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Approach Hematopoietic (bone marrow
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Anti-Human lgG Human lgG Protein G
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Characterization of Global Gene Reg
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PCR products for immobilization on
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identify novel proteins of importan
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Immunoprecipitaton of tyrosinephosp
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Coupled NMR and Confocal Microscopy
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In the optical microscopy image, th
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Development and Applications of a M
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Figure 3. Hepa-1 cells undergoing a
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cellular processing (such as post-t
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8. Initial demonstration of an off-
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expression systems for several year
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accumulation of protein products, i
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Fungal Conversion of Agricultural W
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Fungal Conversion of Waste Glucose/
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Summary and Conclusions We demonstr
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are shown in Figure 1(a) and 1(b),
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Anchorage-Independent Growth (% con
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selection of seedlings demonstratin
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NMR-Based Structural Genomics Micha
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Solution-State Structure and Fold-C
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Plant Root Exudates and Microbial G
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98 99 100 6 7 10 3 1 12 11 15 16 17
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Summary and Conclusions • The gre
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Jones-Oliveira JB, JS Oliveira, HE
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• securely moves files to a targe
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Plenary invited lecture, “The Ele
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Figure 1. X3DGEN tetrahedral mesh o
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Figure 5a. OSO volume rendering of
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Development of Models of Cell-Signa
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SOS p 23 EGFR Professor Rodland at
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Oliveira JS, JB Jones-Oliveira, and
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Figure 2. Associating a dataset mar
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to 1) incorporate three-dimensional
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shown in Figure 1. Simulated result
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HostBuilder: A Tool for the Combina
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Invariant Discretization Methods fo
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Graphics, Inc., workstation. The co
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Mixed Hamiltonian Methods for Geoch
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guyanaite, and grimaldiite (see Fig
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in the Environmental Molecular Scie
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Simulation and Modeling of Electroc
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Summary and Conclusions We implemen
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Page 164 and 165: Since the implementation of the gen
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Page 170 and 171: Summary and Conclusions In previous
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Page 174 and 175: The second goal was to research way
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Page 188 and 189: Figure 2. Schematic of experimental
Page 190 and 191: Integrated Modeling and Simulation
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Page 200 and 201: Modeling of High-Velocity Forming f
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Page 208 and 209: the lateral extent of the plume so
Page 210 and 211: Biogeochemical Processes and Microb
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Page 250 and 251: Application of a Crop Model The res
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TCE + 3H + + 3Fe 2+ Fe)=> acetylene
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Use of Shear-Thinning Fluids for In
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concentration of 0.5% AMX was the m
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Roberts AL, LA Totten, WA Arnold, D
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tetra-scale computing, envisioned a
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Energy Technology and Management
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Figure 2. Setup for the second expe
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phase. The algorithms will be teste
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[Pb-212]/[Pb-212] final 100 10 1 0.
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Plasma Particle Dielectric Fiber El
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(species, sub-species, and sex), sp
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Figure 3. Relative risk of bone and
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Development of a Preliminary Physio
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Development of a Virtual Respirator
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Figure 3. Use of the chest cavity a
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Examination of the Use of Diazolumi
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Indoor Air Pathways to Nuclear, Che
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Source Building Release Observed re
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To illustrate the potential impact
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Non-Invasive Biological Monitoring
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Materials Science and Technology
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Figure 1. (a) - (c) Successive magn
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Component Fabrication and Assembly
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Development of a Low-Cost Photoelec
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elaxations, indicating the adequacy
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Promising chemical durability, as m
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Study Control Number : PN98028/1274
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High Power Density Solid Oxide Fuel
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Hybrid Plasma Process for Vacuum De
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Matson DW, PM Martin, WD Bennett, J
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We showed the proof-of-principle ap
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Bandgap Energy (eV) 2.9 2.85 2.8 2.
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Ultrathin Electrolyte Test Results
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Detailed Investigations on Hydrogen
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identified low energy step structur
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Development of Novel Photo-Catalyst
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-2 -1 Energy (eV) 0 1 2 Cu2O SrTiO3
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Here, we perform adsorption and des
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exceed those in the all-metal devic
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Intensity (a.u.) 0 100 200 300 400
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integrated voltage (V) 0.10 0.08 0.
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The first step was to implement thi
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Spontaneous Formation of Cu2O Nano-
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Actinide Chemistry at the Aqueous-M
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Figure 5. Close-up atomic force mic
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to 300°C and 400°C. Unfortunately
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Summary and Conclusions Transmutati
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Advanced Calibration/Registration T
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Figure 1a. Violet filter Figure 1b.
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Autonomous Ultrasonic Probe for Pro
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containing nitrous oxide, an optica
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Chemical Detection Using Cavity Enh
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Figure 3 is a color rendered simula
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appropriate study has been performe
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Exploitation of Conventional Chemic
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Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the impa
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enefits of using a modified spread-
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Single Channel Signal 0.0025 0.0020
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Therefore, in order to extract the
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A next-generation technology is nee
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Wind Dir. Figure 2. Negative ion co
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Volumetric Imaging of Materials by
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amplitude and peak frequency change
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Figure 3. 13 C NMR spectrum of corn
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Approach Two flow loops, one that o
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Modification of Ion Exchange Resins
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Permanganate Treatment for the Deco
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minimized by medium exchange. After
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Figure 1. Thermogravimetric analysi
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Validation and Scale-Up of Monosacc
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Concentration (g/100g solution) Con
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Analysis of High-Volume, Hyper-Dime
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ecent figure of merit values. Shoul
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Probabilistic Methods Development f
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a) Traditional PCA-based process co
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Acronyms and Abbreviations 2-D two-
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PNNL-13501 - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

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