PNNL-13501 - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

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Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the impact of that uncertainty on modeled geometry. We observed severe distortion in the PhotoModeler and FotoG objects. A biased elevation distortion was evident in the FotoG site model that has objects either under (southwest end) or above (northeast end) the surface of what in actuality is a very flat dry lake bed. This feature, using a geometric primitive to constrain the photogrammetrically derived geometry, is the core of the hybrid geometry- and image-based sitemodeling approach described below. Figure 3. Partial three-dimensional model of the HAZMAT Spill Center constructed and photo-rendered with PhotoModeler Pro—although line/face continuity for constructing objects is easily maintained during on-screen construction, geometric distortion cannot be controlled. Model geometry can be exported to computer aided design. Figure 4. Partial three-dimensional model of the HAZMAT Spill Center constructed and rendered in AutoCAD from linked FotoG-FMS—geometry can be constructed only from points, single lines (not polylines), and cylinders, so construction of faces and objects must be done in AutoCAD after point/line/cylinder generation from the imagery. Geometry here again is distorted; the ground surface is effectively flat, so the features should “sit” on it, the trailer should be rectangular and square, etc. Rendering of this model with photographs must be done in a separate visualization program such as 3D Studio. Hybrid Geometry- and Image-Based System. Debevec (1996) and Debevec et al. (1996) described a hybrid geometry- and image-based approach to “creating realistic synthetic views of existing architectural scenes from a sparse set of still photographs.” This approach, similar in principle (but much more sophisticated) to that used by RapidScene for National Technical Means imagery, depends on fitting geometric primitives (rectangular planes, boxes, pyramids, etc.) to features in the photographs, and using knowledge of those shapes to assist in photogrammetric calculations and determining overall site geometry. Expansion of this approach to use genetically meaningful primitives representing weapons process components, and to allow creation in computer aided design of site features similar to the geometry-based approaches, would make it the system-of-choice for site-modeling applications. This object-based approach would provide a basis for hyperlinking (e.g., Feiner et al. 1995) with object-based site three-dimensional computer aided design templates and all other sources of information. Ground-Truth Sensor Development and Demonstration We developed and demonstrated an improved groundtruth chemical sensor, as well as the associated analysis software for determination of nuclear, biological, chemical-type weapons. To this end, a commercial Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was obtained and employed for proliferation determination using passive infrared sensing. We transported its spectrometer and ancillary detection equipment to the Nevada test site for data measurement and acquisition, and have subsequently analyzed the data via introduction of a graphical user interface software package for data reduction. The Owl 2000 campaign for remote detection of chemical signatures was carried out at the test range under the auspices of LLNL. The campaign consisted of monitoring a number of controlled releases from the HAZMAT Spill Center and test range stacks (see Figure 1) by several ground-sensing techniques as well as from two airborne platforms (General Dynamics H-57 “Canberra” and DeHavilland DHC-6 “Twin Otter” aircraft). Our Laboratory’s chemical remote sensing system consisted primarily of a Midac model M2401-C emission interferometer; the Midac FTIR was equipped with ZnSe optics and a mercury-cadmium-telluride detector with spectral response to 16 µm in the long-wave infrared. The infrared data were augmented by meteorological data from the test site, as well as stack and background temperatures and estimated flow release rates for the release species under investigation. In addition to the measurement campaign, the software for chemical retrieval information has been under development and continues to undergo further refinement. Sensors and Electronics 395
Summary and Conclusions Correlation of Chemical and Other Information We explored two approaches to quantitative threedimensional site modeling using three commercial, offthe-shelf software systems: two were optimized for computer aided design-based site geometric reconstruction, and one was optimed for hybrid, objectbased site virtual-reality representation and visualization. All require extensive manual intervention from the analyst, and the two geometry-based computer aided design systems further require precise knowledge of camera parameters, full-frame images, and substantial effort to create computer aided design objects representing the site. Geometric primitives used by the hybrid system are too limited for application to National Technical Means facilities, and the entire system does not obviously support computer aided design-based featurebuilding in addition to the general geometric reconstruction for visualization purposes. This latter observation is preliminary, because the software is currently unavailable and testing was done with what may be an obsolete demonstration package. For the purposes of creating a three-dimensional computer aided design model of a weapons facility, none of these systems was a complete solution. However, by combining the two approaches with the mensuration capabilities innate in National Technical Means imagery, a basis can be hypothesized for object-based site modeling and functional characterization. Such a hybrid site modeling system, built on a hybrid geometry- and image-based approach derived from Debevec et al. (1996), augmented with geometry-based computer aided design-modeling capability and weapons-object relevant primitives hyperlinked to their physical-world counterparts for information-correlation purposes as discussed by Feiner et al. (1995), and geospatially controlled by the inherent National Technical Means mensuration capability, would become a valuable asset in the site functional analysis community. 396 FY 2000 Laboratory Directed Research and Development Annual Report Ground-Truth Sensor Development and Demonstration We also developed and demonstrated an improved ground-truth chemical sensor, as well as the associated analysis software and graphical user interface for determining chemical identity. We obtained a commercial Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and evaluated it, the analysis software, and the graphical user interface for use in proliferation determination using passive infrared sensing in field tests at the OWL 2000 initiative. The Laboratory team acquired data at the Nevada Test Site, and subsequently analyzed them using the new software system and graphical user interface. Results agreed well with known test conditions, with noted differences; the result of predictable and expected effects of variations between test conditions and geometry and assumed database conditions. The result of this software and hardware development and field evaluation was a robust ground-truth measurement system that will provide participation in and data from future community infrared-spectroscopy field-experiment campaigns. References Debevec PE. 1996. Modeling and Rendering Architecture from Photographs. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 140 pp. Debevec PE, CJ Taylor, and J Malik. 1996. Modeling and Rendering Architecture from Photographs: A Hybrid Geometry- and Image-Based Approach. Technical Report UCB//CSD-96-893, Computer Science Division, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 33 pp. Feiner SK, AC Webster, TE Krueger III, B MacIntyre, and EJ Keller. 1995. “Architectural Anatomy.” Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 4(3): 318-326.
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Laboratory Directed Research and De
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Laboratory Directed Research and De
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Computational Science and Engineeri
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Policy and Management Sciences Asse
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Introduction Department of Energy O
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5. After reviews by the Technical a
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• The Technical Council peer revi
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methods applicable to combustion, s
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Summary Each national laboratory mu
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Study Control Number: PN0004/1411 A
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Table 1. Positive and negative ions
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m/z Arbitrary Units Figure 1. Mass
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introduce low-volatility compounds
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arrangement, but the charge is reta
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two liquid chromatographic gradient
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Integrated Microfabricated Devices
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Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Io
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Molecular Beam Synthesis and Charac
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temperature distribution of the des
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expected to result in significant a
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Study Control Number: PN99069/1397
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Seuss DT and KA Prather. 1999. “M
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Analysis of Receptor-Modulated Ion
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laboratory (Lu and Xie 1997; Lu et
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Automated DNA Fingerprinting Microa
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Comparison of 4 Xanthomonas Isolate
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Approach Hematopoietic (bone marrow
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Anti-Human lgG Human lgG Protein G
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Characterization of Global Gene Reg
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PCR products for immobilization on
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identify novel proteins of importan
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Immunoprecipitaton of tyrosinephosp
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Coupled NMR and Confocal Microscopy
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In the optical microscopy image, th
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Development and Applications of a M
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Figure 3. Hepa-1 cells undergoing a
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cellular processing (such as post-t
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8. Initial demonstration of an off-
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expression systems for several year
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accumulation of protein products, i
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Fungal Conversion of Agricultural W
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Fungal Conversion of Waste Glucose/
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Summary and Conclusions We demonstr
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are shown in Figure 1(a) and 1(b),
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Anchorage-Independent Growth (% con
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selection of seedlings demonstratin
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NMR-Based Structural Genomics Micha
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Solution-State Structure and Fold-C
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Plant Root Exudates and Microbial G
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98 99 100 6 7 10 3 1 12 11 15 16 17
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Summary and Conclusions • The gre
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Jones-Oliveira JB, JS Oliveira, HE
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• securely moves files to a targe
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Plenary invited lecture, “The Ele
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Figure 1. X3DGEN tetrahedral mesh o
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Figure 5a. OSO volume rendering of
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Development of Models of Cell-Signa
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SOS p 23 EGFR Professor Rodland at
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Oliveira JS, JB Jones-Oliveira, and
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Figure 2. Associating a dataset mar
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to 1) incorporate three-dimensional
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shown in Figure 1. Simulated result
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HostBuilder: A Tool for the Combina
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Invariant Discretization Methods fo
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Graphics, Inc., workstation. The co
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Mixed Hamiltonian Methods for Geoch
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guyanaite, and grimaldiite (see Fig
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in the Environmental Molecular Scie
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Simulation and Modeling of Electroc
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Summary and Conclusions We implemen
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Since the implementation of the gen
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asis of previous performance, perce
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Bioinformatics for High-Throughput
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Summary and Conclusions In previous
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User Cat - Supervisor (client) Anal
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The second goal was to research way
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Figure 1. A visualization technique
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and interactions. The flexibility o
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Figure 4. A filtered version of Fig
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Development of Modeling Tools for J
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Figure 2. Schematic of experimental
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Integrated Modeling and Simulation
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 1. Results o
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Thurman DA. August 2000. Collaborat
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MARC Input initial m esh and result
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(Johnson 1999; Colligan 1999; Gould
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Modeling of High-Velocity Forming f
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Global divergence error 1 10 -14 0
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that users were unlikely to appreci
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Earth System Science
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the lateral extent of the plume so
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Biogeochemical Processes and Microb
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Analyses of populations of viable a
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The first task was to establish fiv
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purged for 2 minutes. The gas sampl
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developing code architecture to min
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Berkowitz, CM. June 2000. “Atmosp
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environmental monitoring, 2) portab
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corresponded to a current density o
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Enhancing Emissions Pre-Processing
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Environmental Fate and Effects of D
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nitrogen and unpredictable eutrophi
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Figure 1. Ordinary kriging of 2 m d
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precipitation of calcite occurred i
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Interrelationships Between Processe
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phenanthrene resistant fraction con
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injection of an immiscible gas phas
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still some key kinetic issues that
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Application of a Crop Model The res
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The Nature, Occurrence, and Origin
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Particle number concentration, 1/cm
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geometry optimized AlOOH and FeOOH
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allowable parameters using thermody
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TCE + 3H + + 3Fe 2+ Fe)=> acetylene
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Use of Shear-Thinning Fluids for In
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concentration of 0.5% AMX was the m
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Roberts AL, LA Totten, WA Arnold, D
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tetra-scale computing, envisioned a
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Energy Technology and Management
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Figure 2. Setup for the second expe
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phase. The algorithms will be teste
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[Pb-212]/[Pb-212] final 100 10 1 0.
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Plasma Particle Dielectric Fiber El
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(species, sub-species, and sex), sp
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Figure 3. Relative risk of bone and
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Development of a Preliminary Physio
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Development of a Virtual Respirator
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Figure 3. Use of the chest cavity a
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Examination of the Use of Diazolumi
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Indoor Air Pathways to Nuclear, Che
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Source Building Release Observed re
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To illustrate the potential impact
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Non-Invasive Biological Monitoring
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Materials Science and Technology
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Figure 1. (a) - (c) Successive magn
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Component Fabrication and Assembly
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Development of a Low-Cost Photoelec
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elaxations, indicating the adequacy
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Promising chemical durability, as m
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Study Control Number : PN98028/1274
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High Power Density Solid Oxide Fuel
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Hybrid Plasma Process for Vacuum De
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Matson DW, PM Martin, WD Bennett, J
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We showed the proof-of-principle ap
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Bandgap Energy (eV) 2.9 2.85 2.8 2.
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Ultrathin Electrolyte Test Results
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Detailed Investigations on Hydrogen
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identified low energy step structur
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ecent figure of merit values. Shoul
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Probabilistic Methods Development f
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a) Traditional PCA-based process co
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Acronyms and Abbreviations 2-D two-
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