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PNNL-13501 - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

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0.9 psig, indicated the injection process does not cause a<br />

significant decrease in permeability to the system.<br />

Pressure (psig)<br />

80<br />

60<br />

40<br />

20<br />

References<br />

Water (0.76 cm/min)<br />

Water (7.0 cm/min)<br />

Begin Slurry Injection<br />

(7.0 cm/min)<br />

Begin Water Flush<br />

(0.85 cm/min)<br />

Begin Pretreatment<br />

(7.0 cm/min)<br />

0<br />

0 2 4 6 8 10<br />

Pore Volumes<br />

Figure 4. Inlet back pressure before, during, and after<br />

slurry injection<br />

Cantrell KC and DI Kaplan. 1999. In-Situ Chemical<br />

Barrier and Method of Making. Patent Number<br />

5,857,810.<br />

Cantrell KJ and DI Kaplan. 1998. “Sorptive barriers for<br />

groundwater remediation.” In The Encyclopedia of<br />

Environmental Analysis and Remediation. RA Meyers<br />

ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.<br />

Cantrell KJ, DI Kaplan and TJ Gilmore. 1997a.<br />

“Injection of colloidal Fe 0 particles in sand columns with<br />

shearthining fluids.” J. Environ. Eng. 123:786-791.<br />

Cantrell KJ, DI Kaplan and TJ Gilmore. 1997b.<br />

“Injection of colloidal size particles of Fe 0 in porous<br />

media with shearthining fluids as a method to emplace a<br />

permeable reactive zone.” Land Contamination &<br />

Reclamation 5(3):253-257.<br />

Cantrell KJ, and DI Kaplan. 1997. “Zero-valent iron<br />

colloid emplacement in sand columns.” J. Environ. Eng.<br />

123:499-505.<br />

Cantrell KJ, DI Cantrell and TW Wietsma. 1995. “Zerovalent<br />

iron as a material for the remediation of selected<br />

metals from contaminated groundwater.” J. Haz. Mat.<br />

42:201-212.<br />

Chhabra RP. 1993. Bubbles, drops and particles in nonnewtonian<br />

fluids. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.<br />

EPA. 1999. Field Application of In Situ Remediation<br />

Technologies: Permeable Reactive Barriers, EPA 542-R-<br />

99-002, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,<br />

Washington, D.C.<br />

Fairweather V. 1996. “When toxics meet metal.” Civil<br />

Eng, May, 44-48.<br />

Gillham RW and SF O’Hannesin. 1994. “Enhanced<br />

degradation of halogenated aliphatics by zero-valent<br />

iron.” Ground Water, 32, 958-967.<br />

Gillham RW, DW Blowes, CJ Ptacek and<br />

SF O’Hannesin. 1994. “Use of zero-valent metals in insitu<br />

remediation of contaminated ground water.” In Insitu<br />

remediation: Scientific Basis for Current and Future<br />

Technologies (eds. GW Gee and NR Wing), pp. 913-930.<br />

Battelle Press, Columbus, Ohio.<br />

Gould JP. 1982. “The kinetics of hexavalent chromium<br />

reduction by metallic iron.” Water Resour 16, 871-877.<br />

Hofstetter TB, CG Heijman, SB Haderlein, C Holliger,<br />

and RP Schwarzenbach. 1999. “Complete reduction of<br />

TNT and other (poly)nitroaromatic compounds under<br />

iron-reducing subsurface conditions.” Environ. Sci.<br />

Technol. 33, 1479-1487.<br />

Kaplan DI, KJ Cantrell, TW Wietsma, and MA Potter.<br />

1996. “Formation of a chemical barrier with zero-valent<br />

iron colloids for groundwater remediation.” J. Environ<br />

Qual 25, 1086-1094.<br />

Kaplan DI, KJ Cantrell, and TW Wietsma. 1994.<br />

“Formation of a barrier to groundwater contaminants by<br />

the injection of zero-valent iron colloids: Suspension<br />

properties.” In In-situ remediation: Scientific basis for<br />

current and future technologies (eds. GW Gee and<br />

NR Wing), pp. 820-838. Battelle Press, Columbus, Ohio.<br />

Matheson LJ, and PG Tratnyek. 1994. “Reductive<br />

dehalgenation of chlorinated methanes by iron metal.”<br />

Environ Sci Technol 28, 2045-2053.<br />

Orth WC and RW Gillham. 1996. “Dechlorination of<br />

trichloroethene in aqueous solution using Fe0.” Environ<br />

Sci Technol, 30, 66-71.<br />

Puls RW, RM Powell, and CJ Paul. 1995. “In situ<br />

remediation of ground water contaminated with chromate<br />

and chlorinated solvents using zero-valent iron: A field<br />

study.” Preprint of Extended Abstracts from the 209th<br />

ACS <strong>National</strong> Meeting, Anaheim, California 35, 788-791.<br />

Div of Environ Chem, Am. Chem Soc, Washington, D.C.<br />

Earth System Science 257

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