PNNL-13501 - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

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exceed those in the all-metal device by a few degrees. This may be due to the lower thermal mass and lower heat loss associated with the plastic unit. The metal-plastic composite adsorber combines the superior qualities of each of the other units. The temperature profile shows rapid heat transfer to the adsorber bed, the rate of temperature change exceeding the all-metal device after ~15 seconds. The metal-plastic composite also attained a slightly higher maximum temperature than the all-metal device, suggesting relatively low heat loss. The profiles of gas evolution from these three devices (Figure 4b) show similar trends. Gas desorption was fastest in the metal-plastic device and slowest in the all-plastic unit. The results suggest that heat transfer rather than mass transfer is the primary limitation in the regeneration process of these microscale adsorbers. Adsorber Temperature (C) Gas Volume Fraction Desorbed 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Metal-Plastic All Metal All Plastic All Plastic Metal-Plastic All Metal (a) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Elapsed Time (s) (b) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Elapsed Time (s) Figure 4. (a) Thermal and (b) mass transfer performance of three microscale adsorber assemblies during desorption In Figure 4b, the gas volume fractions represent the absolute gas volumes normalized by the total volume desorbed. In general, we observed that the absolute volume of CO2 desorbed per cycle, the working capacity, was higher in all-metal adsorbers (up to 93% of theoretical) than in devices containing plastic (maximum of 62% of theoretical). We believe this is due primarily to lower device conditioning temperatures used with plasticbearing units (~125°C) compared with all-metal devices (~195°C). Water vapor, which is sorbed on zeolite 13X during assembly of adsorbers exposed to atmospheric conditions, is difficult to strip from the adsorbent at low temperatures because of the strong affinity of zeolite for water. Even at 195°C some water is strongly adhered to zeolite. The working capacity for an all-metal device (Figure 3) conditioned in a 195°C oven was ~81% of theoretical. Additional conditioning of the zeolite-filled adsorber at 195°C, including treatment in a nitrogen purged vacuum oven, resulted in a working capacity increase to ~93% of theoretical. These CO2 recovery results are very promising but also indicate precautions that must be taken against water poisoning for lowtemperature operations with zeolite sorbents. Of course, the adsorption devices developed here are not specific to zeolite adsorbents (or CO2 processing), and other adsorbents that are less sensitive to water may be available. Summary and Conclusions Microscale adsorbers were successfully designed, fabricated, and tested in rapid thermal-swing adsorption experiments. The single-channel devices, using conventional zeolite 13X adsorbent, were effective at scrubbing CO2. Multichannel devices of similar design should provide equivalent performance (cycle time and relative working capacity) and increased absolute gasscrubbing capacity. Because of the rapid cycling and continual regeneration of the sorbent in the microscale adsorbers, the mass of sorbent needed to treat a given volume of feed gas is reduced from conventional processing schemes. The important findings include • effective adsorption/desorption cycles on the order of 1 minute were readily attained with current device designs • devices can be fabricated from plastic and metalplastic composites to reduce adsorber mass relative to all-metal units • the adsorbent in the metal-plastic adsorbers heated (and cooled) more quickly than the metal devices, and metal-plastic devices provide reduced thermal mass much like the all-plastic units Micro/Nano Technology 345
• adsorption/desorption cycle frequency appears to be heat-transfer limited, not mass-transfer limited • working capacities of all-metal units were somewhat better (up to about 93% of theoretical) than plasticcontaining units (maximum about 62% of theoretical), most likely due to differences in preconditioning and water uptake. References Kohl AL and RB Nielsen. 1997. Gas purification, 5th Edition. Gulf Publishing Company, Houston. 346 FY 2000 <strong>Laboratory</strong> Directed Research and Development Annual Report Reichle D et al. 1999. Separation and capture of carbon dioxide, in carbon sequestration, state of the science. Draft, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. Trent RE. 1995. Fundamentals of adsorption. Proceedings of Gas Conditioning Conference, Zeochem, Norman, Oklahoma. Presentation Rassat SD, DP Mendoza, DD Caldwell, WE TeGrotenhuis, and RS Wegeng. 2000. “Microchemical and thermal sorption systems for gas purification.” Poster presented at the DOE-OTT Program Review, Richland, Washington.
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Laboratory Directed Research and De
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Laboratory Directed Research and De
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Computational Science and Engineeri
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Policy and Management Sciences Asse
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Introduction Department of Energy O
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5. After reviews by the Technical a
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• The Technical Council peer revi
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methods applicable to combustion, s
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Summary Each national laboratory mu
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Study Control Number: PN0004/1411 A
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Table 1. Positive and negative ions
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m/z Arbitrary Units Figure 1. Mass
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introduce low-volatility compounds
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arrangement, but the charge is reta
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two liquid chromatographic gradient
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Integrated Microfabricated Devices
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Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Io
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Molecular Beam Synthesis and Charac
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temperature distribution of the des
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expected to result in significant a
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Study Control Number: PN99069/1397
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Seuss DT and KA Prather. 1999. “M
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Analysis of Receptor-Modulated Ion
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laboratory (Lu and Xie 1997; Lu et
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Automated DNA Fingerprinting Microa
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Comparison of 4 Xanthomonas Isolate
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Approach Hematopoietic (bone marrow
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Anti-Human lgG Human lgG Protein G
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Characterization of Global Gene Reg
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PCR products for immobilization on
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identify novel proteins of importan
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Immunoprecipitaton of tyrosinephosp
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Coupled NMR and Confocal Microscopy
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In the optical microscopy image, th
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Development and Applications of a M
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Figure 3. Hepa-1 cells undergoing a
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cellular processing (such as post-t
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8. Initial demonstration of an off-
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expression systems for several year
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accumulation of protein products, i
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Fungal Conversion of Agricultural W
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Fungal Conversion of Waste Glucose/
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Summary and Conclusions We demonstr
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are shown in Figure 1(a) and 1(b),
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Anchorage-Independent Growth (% con
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selection of seedlings demonstratin
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NMR-Based Structural Genomics Micha
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Solution-State Structure and Fold-C
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Plant Root Exudates and Microbial G
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Summary and Conclusions • The gre
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Jones-Oliveira JB, JS Oliveira, HE
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• securely moves files to a targe
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Plenary invited lecture, “The Ele
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Figure 1. X3DGEN tetrahedral mesh o
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Figure 5a. OSO volume rendering of
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Development of Models of Cell-Signa
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SOS p 23 EGFR Professor Rodland at
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Oliveira JS, JB Jones-Oliveira, and
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Figure 2. Associating a dataset mar
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to 1) incorporate three-dimensional
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shown in Figure 1. Simulated result
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HostBuilder: A Tool for the Combina
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Invariant Discretization Methods fo
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Graphics, Inc., workstation. The co
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Mixed Hamiltonian Methods for Geoch
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guyanaite, and grimaldiite (see Fig
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in the Environmental Molecular Scie
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Simulation and Modeling of Electroc
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Summary and Conclusions We implemen
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Since the implementation of the gen
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asis of previous performance, perce
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Bioinformatics for High-Throughput
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Summary and Conclusions In previous
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User Cat - Supervisor (client) Anal
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The second goal was to research way
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Figure 1. A visualization technique
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and interactions. The flexibility o
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Figure 4. A filtered version of Fig
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Development of Modeling Tools for J
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Figure 2. Schematic of experimental
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Integrated Modeling and Simulation
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 1. Results o
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Thurman DA. August 2000. Collaborat
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MARC Input initial m esh and result
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(Johnson 1999; Colligan 1999; Gould
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Modeling of High-Velocity Forming f
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Global divergence error 1 10 -14 0
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that users were unlikely to appreci
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Earth System Science
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the lateral extent of the plume so
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Biogeochemical Processes and Microb
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Analyses of populations of viable a
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The first task was to establish fiv
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purged for 2 minutes. The gas sampl
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developing code architecture to min
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Berkowitz, CM. June 2000. “Atmosp
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environmental monitoring, 2) portab
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corresponded to a current density o
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Enhancing Emissions Pre-Processing
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Environmental Fate and Effects of D
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nitrogen and unpredictable eutrophi
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Figure 1. Ordinary kriging of 2 m d
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precipitation of calcite occurred i
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Interrelationships Between Processe
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phenanthrene resistant fraction con
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injection of an immiscible gas phas
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still some key kinetic issues that
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Application of a Crop Model The res
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The Nature, Occurrence, and Origin
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Particle number concentration, 1/cm
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geometry optimized AlOOH and FeOOH
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allowable parameters using thermody
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TCE + 3H + + 3Fe 2+ Fe)=> acetylene
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Use of Shear-Thinning Fluids for In
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concentration of 0.5% AMX was the m
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Roberts AL, LA Totten, WA Arnold, D
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tetra-scale computing, envisioned a
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Energy Technology and Management
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Figure 2. Setup for the second expe
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phase. The algorithms will be teste
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[Pb-212]/[Pb-212] final 100 10 1 0.
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Plasma Particle Dielectric Fiber El
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(species, sub-species, and sex), sp
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Figure 3. Relative risk of bone and
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Development of a Preliminary Physio
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Development of a Virtual Respirator
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Figure 3. Use of the chest cavity a
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Examination of the Use of Diazolumi
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Indoor Air Pathways to Nuclear, Che
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Page 310 and 311: Figure 1. (a) - (c) Successive magn
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Single Channel Signal 0.0025 0.0020
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Therefore, in order to extract the
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A next-generation technology is nee
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Wind Dir. Figure 2. Negative ion co
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Volumetric Imaging of Materials by
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amplitude and peak frequency change
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Figure 3. 13 C NMR spectrum of corn
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Approach Two flow loops, one that o
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Modification of Ion Exchange Resins
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Permanganate Treatment for the Deco
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minimized by medium exchange. After
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Figure 1. Thermogravimetric analysi
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Validation and Scale-Up of Monosacc
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Concentration (g/100g solution) Con
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Analysis of High-Volume, Hyper-Dime
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ecent figure of merit values. Shoul
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Probabilistic Methods Development f
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a) Traditional PCA-based process co
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Acronyms and Abbreviations 2-D two-
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PNNL-13501 - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

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