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Modification of Ion Exchange Resins for Removal of Soluble Sulfate from Hanford Tank Wastes Study Control Number: PN00069/1476 Shas V. Mattigod, Jun Liu There is a need for an effective technology for removing sulfate from Hanford tank wastes. This is a crucial process because vitrification has been chosen as the technology for immobilizing tank wastes in the form of low activity waste glass, and it has been recognized that high sulfate levels are detrimental to the vitrification process. Commercially available ion exchange resins are unable to effectively remove this sulfate and therefore separation systems are needed. Project Description The goal of this project was to develop modified ion exchange resins to remove sulfate from Hanford tank wastes. We modified six different types of commercial ion exchange resins and tested their efficiencies for removing sulfate from a simulated envelope C (containing very high sulfate concentrations) Hanford tank waste. The results from these tests showed that sulfate removal goals for envelope C wastes can be achieved using our modified resin technology. Introduction The privatization contractor for treatment of Hanford wastes has chosen vitrification as the treatment technology for making low activity waste glass. Their melter design focuses on low temperature glass compositions, which retain only very low levels of sulfate. Therefore, there is a crucial need for a technology to pretreat and effectively remove high concentrations of sulfate from the Hanford tank wastes. Many Hanford waste tanks contain high levels of sulfate in a matrix of a very complex mixture of chemicals that renders conventional ion exchange technologies practically useless. Typically, the tank wastes have very high salt concentrations, high pH, very high competing anion concentrations (nitrate, phosphate, etc.) and radiolytic conditions generated by radionuclides. Commercial ion exchange resins do not have the required selectivity for removing sulfate from such a matrix in the presence of other competing anions. Precipitation of sulfate has been proposed as a pretreatment step, but it is difficult to implement, because of stringent solid/liquid separation requirements. Specially designed resins that use ion-pair interactions are very expensive and the effectiveness of these resins has yet to be demonstrated. The goal of our project was to develop and refine an effective sulfate removal technology that could be deployed to pretreat the Hanford tank wastes. Approach The approach was to modify cation exchange resins to increase their affinity for sulfate ions. There are several advantages to this approach: 1) the process uses commercial resins and raw materials making the cost of sulfate treatment very low; 2) the commercial resins are available in appropriate engineered form and can be readily deployed in column operation; 3) the modified resin is stable and effective in removing sulfate from high pH solutions that are typical of tank wastes; and 4) the treatment process is very effective. Batch studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a number of modified exchange resins (Table 1) in removing SO4 from AN-107 waste simulants (Table 2). Table 1. Ion exchange resins modified for sulfate removal Resin Matrix/Functional Group Exch Capacity (meq/mL) AG 50W-12 Styrene divinylbenzene/sulfonate 2.1 AG 50W-8 Styrene divinylbenzene/sulfonate 1.7 Biorex 70 Acrylic/carboxylic 2.4 IRC 86 Polyacrylic copolymer/carboxylic 4.1 IMAC HP 333 Polyacrylic copolymer/carboxylic 3.8 CNP 80 WS Acrylic/carboxylic 4.3 Table 2. AN-107 waste tank simulants used in batch experiments Component 15% Res. CO3 Simulant (mM) 0% Res. CO3 Simulant (mM) Na2SO4 45 45 Na2CO3 100 0 NaNO3 3160 3160 NaNO2 960 960 NaOH 800 800 Separations and Conversions 429
Results and Accomplishments The data indicated that modified resins differed in their capacity to remove sulfate from AN-107 tank simulants (Figures 1 and 2). The results showed that all the modified resins were capable of removing sulfate from the waste tank simulants; however, three of the modified resins performed better than the others. Tests showed that better performing modified resins could be used to process a larger number of bed volumes of waste solutions to meet the 73 to 85% sulfate removal goal for envelope C type Hanford tank wastes. The data also showed that decreasing carbonate concentration engendered more effective sulfate removal and that the sulfate removal efficiency of these modified resins were unrelated to their exchange capacities. Summary and Conclusions Modified resins are effective for removing sulfate from high pH solutions that are typical of Hanford envelope C tank wastes. Modified resin technology can be used to reach 73 to 85% sulfate removal goal for AN-107 (envelope C) waste. There were no increases in treated waste volume. The sulfate removed by the modified resins could be easily separated from the resin matrix indicating potential ease of resin regeneration. 430 FY 2000 <strong>Laboratory</strong> Directed Research and Development Annual Report SO4 Rem oval (% Tank Simulant (IV) ~15% Residual CO3 - Resin Performance Comparison 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 Solution/Solid Ratio (ml/g) X-12 X-8 Biorex 70 IRC86 IMAC333 CNP80WS Figure 1. Performance comparison of modified resins for sulfate removal from tank simulant with 15% residual carbonate SO4 Removal (%) Tank Simulant (V) ~0% Residual CO3 - Resin Performance Comparison 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 Solution/Solid Ra tio (ml/g) X-12 X-8 Biorex 70 IRC86 IMAC333 CNP80WS Figure 2. Performance comparison of modified resins for sulfate removal from tank simulant with 0% residual carbonate
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Laboratory Directed Research and De
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Laboratory Directed Research and De
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Computational Science and Engineeri
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Policy and Management Sciences Asse
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Introduction Department of Energy O
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5. After reviews by the Technical a
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• The Technical Council peer revi
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methods applicable to combustion, s
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Summary Each national laboratory mu
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Study Control Number: PN0004/1411 A
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Table 1. Positive and negative ions
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m/z Arbitrary Units Figure 1. Mass
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introduce low-volatility compounds
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arrangement, but the charge is reta
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two liquid chromatographic gradient
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Integrated Microfabricated Devices
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Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Io
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Molecular Beam Synthesis and Charac
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temperature distribution of the des
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expected to result in significant a
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Study Control Number: PN99069/1397
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Seuss DT and KA Prather. 1999. “M
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Analysis of Receptor-Modulated Ion
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laboratory (Lu and Xie 1997; Lu et
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Automated DNA Fingerprinting Microa
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Comparison of 4 Xanthomonas Isolate
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Approach Hematopoietic (bone marrow
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Anti-Human lgG Human lgG Protein G
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Characterization of Global Gene Reg
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PCR products for immobilization on
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identify novel proteins of importan
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Immunoprecipitaton of tyrosinephosp
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Coupled NMR and Confocal Microscopy
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In the optical microscopy image, th
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Development and Applications of a M
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Figure 3. Hepa-1 cells undergoing a
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cellular processing (such as post-t
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8. Initial demonstration of an off-
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expression systems for several year
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accumulation of protein products, i
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Fungal Conversion of Agricultural W
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Fungal Conversion of Waste Glucose/
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Summary and Conclusions We demonstr
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are shown in Figure 1(a) and 1(b),
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Anchorage-Independent Growth (% con
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selection of seedlings demonstratin
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NMR-Based Structural Genomics Micha
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Solution-State Structure and Fold-C
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Plant Root Exudates and Microbial G
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98 99 100 6 7 10 3 1 12 11 15 16 17
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Summary and Conclusions • The gre
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Jones-Oliveira JB, JS Oliveira, HE
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• securely moves files to a targe
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Plenary invited lecture, “The Ele
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Figure 1. X3DGEN tetrahedral mesh o
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Figure 5a. OSO volume rendering of
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Development of Models of Cell-Signa
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SOS p 23 EGFR Professor Rodland at
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Oliveira JS, JB Jones-Oliveira, and
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Figure 2. Associating a dataset mar
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to 1) incorporate three-dimensional
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shown in Figure 1. Simulated result
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HostBuilder: A Tool for the Combina
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Invariant Discretization Methods fo
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Graphics, Inc., workstation. The co
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Mixed Hamiltonian Methods for Geoch
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guyanaite, and grimaldiite (see Fig
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in the Environmental Molecular Scie
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Simulation and Modeling of Electroc
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Summary and Conclusions We implemen
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Since the implementation of the gen
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asis of previous performance, perce
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Bioinformatics for High-Throughput
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Summary and Conclusions In previous
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User Cat - Supervisor (client) Anal
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The second goal was to research way
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Figure 1. A visualization technique
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and interactions. The flexibility o
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Figure 4. A filtered version of Fig
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Development of Modeling Tools for J
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Figure 2. Schematic of experimental
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Integrated Modeling and Simulation
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 1. Results o
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Thurman DA. August 2000. Collaborat
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MARC Input initial m esh and result
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(Johnson 1999; Colligan 1999; Gould
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Modeling of High-Velocity Forming f
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Global divergence error 1 10 -14 0
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that users were unlikely to appreci
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Earth System Science
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the lateral extent of the plume so
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Biogeochemical Processes and Microb
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Analyses of populations of viable a
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The first task was to establish fiv
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purged for 2 minutes. The gas sampl
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developing code architecture to min
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Berkowitz, CM. June 2000. “Atmosp
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environmental monitoring, 2) portab
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corresponded to a current density o
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Enhancing Emissions Pre-Processing
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Environmental Fate and Effects of D
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nitrogen and unpredictable eutrophi
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Figure 1. Ordinary kriging of 2 m d
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precipitation of calcite occurred i
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Interrelationships Between Processe
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phenanthrene resistant fraction con
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injection of an immiscible gas phas
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still some key kinetic issues that
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Application of a Crop Model The res
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The Nature, Occurrence, and Origin
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Particle number concentration, 1/cm
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geometry optimized AlOOH and FeOOH
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allowable parameters using thermody
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TCE + 3H + + 3Fe 2+ Fe)=> acetylene
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Use of Shear-Thinning Fluids for In
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concentration of 0.5% AMX was the m
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Roberts AL, LA Totten, WA Arnold, D
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tetra-scale computing, envisioned a
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Energy Technology and Management
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Figure 2. Setup for the second expe
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phase. The algorithms will be teste
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[Pb-212]/[Pb-212] final 100 10 1 0.
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Plasma Particle Dielectric Fiber El
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(species, sub-species, and sex), sp
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Figure 3. Relative risk of bone and
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Development of a Preliminary Physio
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Development of a Virtual Respirator
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Figure 3. Use of the chest cavity a
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Examination of the Use of Diazolumi
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Indoor Air Pathways to Nuclear, Che
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Source Building Release Observed re
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To illustrate the potential impact
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Non-Invasive Biological Monitoring
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Materials Science and Technology
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Figure 1. (a) - (c) Successive magn
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Component Fabrication and Assembly
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Development of a Low-Cost Photoelec
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elaxations, indicating the adequacy
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Promising chemical durability, as m
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Study Control Number : PN98028/1274
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High Power Density Solid Oxide Fuel
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Hybrid Plasma Process for Vacuum De
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Matson DW, PM Martin, WD Bennett, J
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We showed the proof-of-principle ap
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Bandgap Energy (eV) 2.9 2.85 2.8 2.
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Ultrathin Electrolyte Test Results
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Detailed Investigations on Hydrogen
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identified low energy step structur
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Development of Novel Photo-Catalyst
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-2 -1 Energy (eV) 0 1 2 Cu2O SrTiO3
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Here, we perform adsorption and des
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exceed those in the all-metal devic
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Intensity (a.u.) 0 100 200 300 400
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integrated voltage (V) 0.10 0.08 0.
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The first step was to implement thi
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Spontaneous Formation of Cu2O Nano-
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Actinide Chemistry at the Aqueous-M
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Figure 5. Close-up atomic force mic
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to 300°C and 400°C. Unfortunately
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Summary and Conclusions Transmutati
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