PNNL-13501 - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

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• The CO and CN stretching frequencies seem to be sensitive to the electronic effects of the thiolate substituent and protein backbone. These results can be used to understand CN and CO vibrational frequency changes upon protonation and hydrogen bonding interaction and upon conformational variations of in the hydrogenase active sites. 80 FY 2000 <strong>Laboratory</strong> Directed Research and Development Annual Report Reference Nui S and RL Ornstein. “The influences of the protein residues, protein backbone, and protonation on the active site models in the nickel-iron hydrogenase of Desulfovibrio gigas. A density functional theory investigation.” Journal of Physical Chemistry (submitted).
Study Control Number: PN99036/1364 Isoprostane-Mediated Tumor Promotion Thomas J. Weber Exposure to radiation has been associated with life-span shortening and cancer. The response of a living organism to radiation can be modified by many factors. The toxic response to ionizing radiation, as well as to numerous chemical contaminants at DOE sites, is associated with the generation of an oxidative stress. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the carcinogenic response to reactive oxygen species is not known. Project Description The toxic response to ionizing radiation, as well as numerous contaminants identified on DOE sites, is consistently associated with the generation of an oxidative stress. Thus, defining the effects of oxidative stress in mammalian systems is of central interest to DOE. Oxidative stress is known to play a role in physiologic and pathophysiologic processes such as cancer, aging, and neuronal degeneration. It is not clear whether low-level environmental exposure to radiation sources, or toxicants whose mechanism of action includes an oxidative stress component, will increase the risk of cancer. In the present study, we have investigated whether prototypical isoprostanes modulate anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of several in vitro model systems as an index of tumor promoting activity. We have found that the isoprostanes modulate anchoragedependent and -independent growth at extremely low concentrations (pM-nM), suggesting the biological activity of these compounds is physiologically relevant. Introduction Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of human diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. Oxidative stress is also central to the adverse effects of ionizing radiation. Recent experimental evidence indicates that arachidonic acid may be converted by reactive oxygen species into a new class of oxidized lipid metabolites, termed the isoprostanes. In several model systems, the isoprostanes have been shown to be biologically active and coupled to signal transduction pathways associated with carcinogenic processes. Therefore, it will be important to determine whether the formation of isoprostanes in response to ionizing radiation and other environmental associated toxic insults may increase cancer risk. The isoprostanes have been shown to signal through the inositol phospholipid/protein kinase C pathway, which in turn, is widely implicated in carcinogenic processes. Thus, the isoprostanes may represent a novel class of physiologically relevant tumor promoters. To test this hypothesis, we conducted preliminary studies to determine whether isoprostanes exhibit tumor promoting activity using an in vitro model of tumor promotion (JB6 cell). In addition, we have investigated whether prototypical isoprostanes modulate anchoragedependent and -independent growth of several in vitro model systems as an index of tumor promoting activity. We have found that the isoprostanes modulate anchoragedependent and -independent growth at extremely low concentrations (pM-nM), suggesting the biological activity of these compounds is physiologically relevant. Results and Accomplishments We previously showed that 8-iso-PGF2α increased the anchorage-independent growth of JB6 cells. We have extended our investigation to several other in vitro model systems and a second prototypical isoprostane (8-iso- PGE2) to determine whether the biological activity of the isoprostanes was generalizable. Increasing experimental evidence indicates that vascular smooth muscle cells are responsive to isoprostanes, and the biological response isoprostanes may be mediated by a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor (TP), or a putative novel isoprostane receptor. Studies were conducted to determine whether 8-iso-PGF2α and DDM-PGE2 modulate the proliferation of smooth muscle cells in vitro. Rat aortic smooth muscle cells were treated with a range of prostanoid concentrations and cell proliferation determined using a picogreen DNA quantitation assay and multiwell fluorescent plate reader (Cytofluor 4000) according to manufacturer’s directions. DNA synthesis was increased in a concentration-dependent fashion by 8-iso-PGF2α, but Biosciences and Biotechnology 81
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Laboratory Directed Research and De
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Laboratory Directed Research and De
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Computational Science and Engineeri
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Policy and Management Sciences Asse
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Introduction Department of Energy O
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5. After reviews by the Technical a
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• The Technical Council peer revi
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methods applicable to combustion, s
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Summary Each national laboratory mu
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Study Control Number: PN0004/1411 A
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Table 1. Positive and negative ions
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m/z Arbitrary Units Figure 1. Mass
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introduce low-volatility compounds
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arrangement, but the charge is reta
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two liquid chromatographic gradient
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Integrated Microfabricated Devices
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Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Io
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Molecular Beam Synthesis and Charac
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temperature distribution of the des
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expected to result in significant a
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Study Control Number: PN99069/1397
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Page 45 and 46: Seuss DT and KA Prather. 1999. “M
Page 47 and 48: Analysis of Receptor-Modulated Ion
Page 49 and 50: laboratory (Lu and Xie 1997; Lu et
Page 51 and 52: Automated DNA Fingerprinting Microa
Page 53 and 54: Comparison of 4 Xanthomonas Isolate
Page 55 and 56: Approach Hematopoietic (bone marrow
Page 57 and 58: Study Control Number: PN99005/1333
Page 59 and 60: Anti-Human lgG Human lgG Protein G
Page 61 and 62: Characterization of Global Gene Reg
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Page 65 and 66: identify novel proteins of importan
Page 67 and 68: Immunoprecipitaton of tyrosinephosp
Page 69 and 70: Coupled NMR and Confocal Microscopy
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Page 87 and 88: Fungal Conversion of Agricultural W
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Page 91 and 92: Summary and Conclusions We demonstr
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Page 99 and 100: Anchorage-Independent Growth (% con
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Invariant Discretization Methods fo
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Graphics, Inc., workstation. The co
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Mixed Hamiltonian Methods for Geoch
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guyanaite, and grimaldiite (see Fig
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in the Environmental Molecular Scie
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Simulation and Modeling of Electroc
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Summary and Conclusions We implemen
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Since the implementation of the gen
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asis of previous performance, perce
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Bioinformatics for High-Throughput
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Summary and Conclusions In previous
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User Cat - Supervisor (client) Anal
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The second goal was to research way
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Figure 1. A visualization technique
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and interactions. The flexibility o
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Figure 4. A filtered version of Fig
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Development of Modeling Tools for J
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Figure 2. Schematic of experimental
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Integrated Modeling and Simulation
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 1. Results o
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Thurman DA. August 2000. Collaborat
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MARC Input initial m esh and result
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(Johnson 1999; Colligan 1999; Gould
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Modeling of High-Velocity Forming f
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Global divergence error 1 10 -14 0
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that users were unlikely to appreci
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Earth System Science
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the lateral extent of the plume so
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Biogeochemical Processes and Microb
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Analyses of populations of viable a
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The first task was to establish fiv
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purged for 2 minutes. The gas sampl
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developing code architecture to min
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Berkowitz, CM. June 2000. “Atmosp
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environmental monitoring, 2) portab
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corresponded to a current density o
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Enhancing Emissions Pre-Processing
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Environmental Fate and Effects of D
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nitrogen and unpredictable eutrophi
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Figure 1. Ordinary kriging of 2 m d
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precipitation of calcite occurred i
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Interrelationships Between Processe
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phenanthrene resistant fraction con
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injection of an immiscible gas phas
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still some key kinetic issues that
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Application of a Crop Model The res
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The Nature, Occurrence, and Origin
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Particle number concentration, 1/cm
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geometry optimized AlOOH and FeOOH
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allowable parameters using thermody
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TCE + 3H + + 3Fe 2+ Fe)=> acetylene
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Use of Shear-Thinning Fluids for In
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concentration of 0.5% AMX was the m
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Roberts AL, LA Totten, WA Arnold, D
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tetra-scale computing, envisioned a
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Energy Technology and Management
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Figure 2. Setup for the second expe
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phase. The algorithms will be teste
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[Pb-212]/[Pb-212] final 100 10 1 0.
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Plasma Particle Dielectric Fiber El
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(species, sub-species, and sex), sp
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Figure 3. Relative risk of bone and
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Development of a Preliminary Physio
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Development of a Virtual Respirator
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Figure 3. Use of the chest cavity a
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Examination of the Use of Diazolumi
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Indoor Air Pathways to Nuclear, Che
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Source Building Release Observed re
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To illustrate the potential impact
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Non-Invasive Biological Monitoring
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Materials Science and Technology
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Figure 1. (a) - (c) Successive magn
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Component Fabrication and Assembly
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Development of a Low-Cost Photoelec
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elaxations, indicating the adequacy
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Promising chemical durability, as m
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Study Control Number : PN98028/1274
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High Power Density Solid Oxide Fuel
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Hybrid Plasma Process for Vacuum De
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Matson DW, PM Martin, WD Bennett, J
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We showed the proof-of-principle ap
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Bandgap Energy (eV) 2.9 2.85 2.8 2.
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Ultrathin Electrolyte Test Results
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Detailed Investigations on Hydrogen
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identified low energy step structur
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Development of Novel Photo-Catalyst
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-2 -1 Energy (eV) 0 1 2 Cu2O SrTiO3
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Here, we perform adsorption and des
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exceed those in the all-metal devic
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Intensity (a.u.) 0 100 200 300 400
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integrated voltage (V) 0.10 0.08 0.
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The first step was to implement thi
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Spontaneous Formation of Cu2O Nano-
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Actinide Chemistry at the Aqueous-M
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Figure 5. Close-up atomic force mic
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to 300°C and 400°C. Unfortunately
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Summary and Conclusions Transmutati
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Advanced Calibration/Registration T
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Figure 1a. Violet filter Figure 1b.
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Autonomous Ultrasonic Probe for Pro
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containing nitrous oxide, an optica
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Chemical Detection Using Cavity Enh
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Figure 3 is a color rendered simula
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appropriate study has been performe
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Exploitation of Conventional Chemic
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Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the impa
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enefits of using a modified spread-
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Single Channel Signal 0.0025 0.0020
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Therefore, in order to extract the
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A next-generation technology is nee
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Wind Dir. Figure 2. Negative ion co
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Volumetric Imaging of Materials by
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amplitude and peak frequency change
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Figure 3. 13 C NMR spectrum of corn
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Approach Two flow loops, one that o
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Modification of Ion Exchange Resins
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Permanganate Treatment for the Deco
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minimized by medium exchange. After
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Figure 1. Thermogravimetric analysi
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Validation and Scale-Up of Monosacc
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Concentration (g/100g solution) Con
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Analysis of High-Volume, Hyper-Dime
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ecent figure of merit values. Shoul
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Probabilistic Methods Development f
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a) Traditional PCA-based process co
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Acronyms and Abbreviations 2-D two-
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PNNL-13501 - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

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