PNNL-13501 - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

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Matson DW, PM Martin, WD Bennett, JW Johnston, DC Stewart, and CC Bonham. 2000. “Sputtered coatings for microfluidic applications.” Presented at the 46 th International Symposium of the American Vacuum Society, October 25-29, Seattle. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A--Vacuum, Surfaces and Films 18(4):1677-1680. 324 FY 2000 <strong>Laboratory</strong> Directed Research and Development Annual Report
Study Control Number: PN98049/1295 Micropit Surface Technology Demonstration John G. DeSteese, Zenen I. Antoniak Micropit surface technology has many applications. As a passive and durable means of increasing heat transfer, the concept is applicable generally to the thermal management design of many energy conversion and delivery systems. Project Description Surface modifications and associated miniature technology can modify thermal emissivity and provide other advantageous surface properties to essentially any device or product. The focus of this project was to demonstrate: 1) the potential emissivity enhancement of objects, and 2) the function of microstructures that can be activated to change surface emission and appearance characteristics. The basic elements of the concept were incorporated into test specimens giving them the ability to switch the thermal emissivity of their surfaces between high and low values, on command or under design conditions. These specimens were also used to show effects such as heat flow control, programmable thermal camouflage, and identification schemes at the proof-ofprinciple level. Approach We constructed test specimens to determine the effects of surface thermal emissivity enhancement. Test pieces were made from aluminum, 25-mm square and 5- to 7-mm thick. Simple test rigs were assembled to compare the emissivity of treated surfaces with otherwise identical, untreated surfaces. The test apparatus consisted of electrical heaters, thermocouples, and an infrared camera to permit evaluation of the test surfaces over a range of temperatures representing the potential application environment. Thermal emission observations recorded by the infrared camera and a computerized data logger were compared with thermocouple measurements and electrical power input to account for the energy balance during each test run. These measurements and the recorded infrared images allowed the net influence of the surface treatments to be distinguished from other heat flow components. Results and Accomplishments New aluminum test pieces were designed and fabricated to illustrate additional aspects of the concept. The first of the new samples was used to evaluate the optimal surface treatment producing the emissivity enhancement effect. The surface modification process was applied as a rectilinear matrix of treated areas with step-wise changes in the magnitude of the treatment. The test piece was heated in air through the temperature range 25ºC to 220ºC by a flat, insulated element attached to the unmodified rear surface of the aluminum block. As in previous work, an infrared camera was used to record radiant heat flux, temperatures, and surface images. Temperatures were confirmed and compared with indications provided by miniature thermocouples attached at various locations on the block. Surface emissivities were estimated and related to the degree of modification applied at each treatment site. This provided a measure of treatment effectiveness versus investment and the diminishing return point of the process. A second test block was fabricated to investigate emissivity switching by microelements placed below the surface. This is in contrast with work reported previously that showed microstructures on and above the surface to be effective. Holes were drilled through the test block to provide access to the treated surface from the back of the block. Several devices were introduced through the holes and were energized in a manner that enabled them to interfere mechanically with the treated surface. The devices were activated by both mechanical linkages and air pressure to effectively turn the emissivity enhancement effect on and off. This was demonstrated for the array as a whole and for individual pixels. Summary and Conclusions We demonstrated emissivity enhancement, thermal camouflage, identification effects, and remote controlled emissivity switching. To meet cost objectives, work in this project was performed at a scale large enough to allow the use of conventional machine tools for the preparation of the test specimens. Materials Science and Technology 325
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Laboratory Directed Research and De
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Laboratory Directed Research and De
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Computational Science and Engineeri
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Policy and Management Sciences Asse
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Introduction Department of Energy O
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5. After reviews by the Technical a
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• The Technical Council peer revi
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methods applicable to combustion, s
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Summary Each national laboratory mu
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Study Control Number: PN0004/1411 A
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Table 1. Positive and negative ions
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m/z Arbitrary Units Figure 1. Mass
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introduce low-volatility compounds
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arrangement, but the charge is reta
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two liquid chromatographic gradient
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Integrated Microfabricated Devices
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Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Io
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Molecular Beam Synthesis and Charac
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temperature distribution of the des
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expected to result in significant a
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Study Control Number: PN99069/1397
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Seuss DT and KA Prather. 1999. “M
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Analysis of Receptor-Modulated Ion
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laboratory (Lu and Xie 1997; Lu et
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Automated DNA Fingerprinting Microa
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Comparison of 4 Xanthomonas Isolate
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Approach Hematopoietic (bone marrow
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Anti-Human lgG Human lgG Protein G
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Characterization of Global Gene Reg
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PCR products for immobilization on
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identify novel proteins of importan
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Immunoprecipitaton of tyrosinephosp
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Coupled NMR and Confocal Microscopy
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In the optical microscopy image, th
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Development and Applications of a M
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Figure 3. Hepa-1 cells undergoing a
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cellular processing (such as post-t
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8. Initial demonstration of an off-
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expression systems for several year
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accumulation of protein products, i
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Fungal Conversion of Agricultural W
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Fungal Conversion of Waste Glucose/
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Summary and Conclusions We demonstr
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are shown in Figure 1(a) and 1(b),
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Anchorage-Independent Growth (% con
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selection of seedlings demonstratin
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NMR-Based Structural Genomics Micha
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Solution-State Structure and Fold-C
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Plant Root Exudates and Microbial G
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Summary and Conclusions • The gre
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Jones-Oliveira JB, JS Oliveira, HE
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• securely moves files to a targe
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Plenary invited lecture, “The Ele
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Figure 1. X3DGEN tetrahedral mesh o
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Figure 5a. OSO volume rendering of
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Development of Models of Cell-Signa
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SOS p 23 EGFR Professor Rodland at
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Oliveira JS, JB Jones-Oliveira, and
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Figure 2. Associating a dataset mar
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to 1) incorporate three-dimensional
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shown in Figure 1. Simulated result
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HostBuilder: A Tool for the Combina
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Invariant Discretization Methods fo
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Graphics, Inc., workstation. The co
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Mixed Hamiltonian Methods for Geoch
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guyanaite, and grimaldiite (see Fig
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in the Environmental Molecular Scie
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Simulation and Modeling of Electroc
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Summary and Conclusions We implemen
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Since the implementation of the gen
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asis of previous performance, perce
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Bioinformatics for High-Throughput
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Summary and Conclusions In previous
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User Cat - Supervisor (client) Anal
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The second goal was to research way
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Figure 1. A visualization technique
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and interactions. The flexibility o
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Figure 4. A filtered version of Fig
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Development of Modeling Tools for J
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Figure 2. Schematic of experimental
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Integrated Modeling and Simulation
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 1. Results o
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Thurman DA. August 2000. Collaborat
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MARC Input initial m esh and result
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(Johnson 1999; Colligan 1999; Gould
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Modeling of High-Velocity Forming f
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Global divergence error 1 10 -14 0
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that users were unlikely to appreci
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Earth System Science
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the lateral extent of the plume so
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Biogeochemical Processes and Microb
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Analyses of populations of viable a
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The first task was to establish fiv
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purged for 2 minutes. The gas sampl
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developing code architecture to min
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Berkowitz, CM. June 2000. “Atmosp
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environmental monitoring, 2) portab
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corresponded to a current density o
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Enhancing Emissions Pre-Processing
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Environmental Fate and Effects of D
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nitrogen and unpredictable eutrophi
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Figure 1. Ordinary kriging of 2 m d
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precipitation of calcite occurred i
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Interrelationships Between Processe
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phenanthrene resistant fraction con
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injection of an immiscible gas phas
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still some key kinetic issues that
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Application of a Crop Model The res
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The Nature, Occurrence, and Origin
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Particle number concentration, 1/cm
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geometry optimized AlOOH and FeOOH
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allowable parameters using thermody
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TCE + 3H + + 3Fe 2+ Fe)=> acetylene
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Use of Shear-Thinning Fluids for In
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concentration of 0.5% AMX was the m
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Roberts AL, LA Totten, WA Arnold, D
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tetra-scale computing, envisioned a
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Energy Technology and Management
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Figure 2. Setup for the second expe
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phase. The algorithms will be teste
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Page 284 and 285: Plasma Particle Dielectric Fiber El
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Page 324 and 325: High Power Density Solid Oxide Fuel
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Figure 1a. Violet filter Figure 1b.
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Autonomous Ultrasonic Probe for Pro
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containing nitrous oxide, an optica
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Chemical Detection Using Cavity Enh
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Figure 3 is a color rendered simula
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appropriate study has been performe
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Exploitation of Conventional Chemic
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Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the impa
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enefits of using a modified spread-
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Single Channel Signal 0.0025 0.0020
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Therefore, in order to extract the
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A next-generation technology is nee
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Wind Dir. Figure 2. Negative ion co
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Volumetric Imaging of Materials by
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amplitude and peak frequency change
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Figure 3. 13 C NMR spectrum of corn
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Approach Two flow loops, one that o
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Modification of Ion Exchange Resins
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Permanganate Treatment for the Deco
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minimized by medium exchange. After
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Figure 1. Thermogravimetric analysi
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Validation and Scale-Up of Monosacc
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Concentration (g/100g solution) Con
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Analysis of High-Volume, Hyper-Dime
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ecent figure of merit values. Shoul
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Probabilistic Methods Development f
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a) Traditional PCA-based process co
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Acronyms and Abbreviations 2-D two-
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PNNL-13501 - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

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