Fruits and Vegetables in Vietnam - International Food Policy ...

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domestic traders or the exporters in the sample used cold storage to extend shelf life or irradiated their produce to kill bacteria to increase the shelf life of the fresh fruit and vegetables they sold. Figure 4-2. Percentage of farms involved in different post-harvest activities Any post-harvest activity Storage Cold storage Irradiation Labeling Packaging Bagging Grading Sorting Fumigation Washing 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percentage of traders Overall, traders in the South tend to undertake more post-harvest processing. For example, although low, about 10 percent of traders in the South and only about 2 percent of traders in the North fumigated their produce or facilities against pests and fungi. About 48 percent and 90 percent of fresh fruit and vegetable domestic traders and exporters in the South sorted and graded their produce, respectively. By comparison, only about 39 and 38 percent of traders in the North sorted and graded their produce, respectively. In addition, the level of processing differs somewhat between domestic traders and exporters in North and South Viet Nam. In the North, produce is primarily bagged before being sold to customers (64.8 percent). In the South, only about 22 percent of traders bag their produce. Rather, the majority of traders in the South package their produce. Though more expensive and time consuming, packaging has the advantage of helping to protect the fresh produce from vibration and poor handling, which helps retard the deterioration of the product and thereby extend its shelf life. The type of packaging used by traders in North and South may in part reflect differences in the packaging needs of the produce handled. For example, vegetables more commonly grown in the North like tay onions and potatoes, are heartier and require less protective packaging than fragile fruits like custard apples, mangosteens, and mangos which are predominantly grown in Southern Viet Nam. The type of post-harvest processing differs somewhat between fruits and vegetables as well. As shown in Table 4-11, vegetables in Viet Nam receive relatively little post-harvest processing. The most common activity is the bagging or re-bagging of vegetables for sale to customers (64.9 percent). Chapter 4. Fruit and Vegetable Traders Page 4-12
Only 17.0 and 28.7 percent of traders sort and grade their vegetables before being sold to customers. Cabbage, tomato, and cucumbers are the most commonly sorted and graded vegetables in Viet Nam, respectively. The cost of each post-harvest activity differs considerably based on the type of vegetable and the type of activity (see Table 4-12). As one would expect, fumigation is the most expensive of the post-harvest activities, and the sorting of cabbage and the grading of garlic and tomatoes, are the most expensive sorting and grading activities. In comparison, fresh fruit in Viet Nam receives considerably more post-harvest processing. As shown in Table 4-13, nearly 50 percent of fruit is sorted and about 87 percent graded by the trader before being sold to their customers. In addition, nearly all fruit is packaged, bagged, or rebagged before sale. Primarily in the South and unlike vegetables, fruit is more likely to be fumigated, labeled, and placed in cold storage. In terms of both time and money, post-harvest processing of fruit tends to be more expensive than that of vegetables (see Table 4-14). The wider use of post-harvest technologies to improve shelf life and the larger incidence of sorting and grading, reflects in part the large proportion of fruit exporters in the sample and the more developed and internationalized nature of fruit marketing and export in Viet Nam. In addition to post-harvest activities, fresh fruit and vegetable traders take a number of measures to help ensure that the produce that they sell is of acceptable quality. Overall, over 70 percent of traders took measure to ensure the quality of their produce. The number of traders taking measures differed considerably between domestic traders and exporters, and by location. While about 82 percent of traders in the South took measures to ensure produce quality, less than 60 percent of those in the North took measures. Similarly, all exporters and less than two-thirds of domestic traders used measures to ensure the quality of their fresh fruits and vegetables. In over 60 percent of the cases, fresh produce traders sought to help ensure the quality of their produce by specifying the variety of fruit or vegetable to be produced by the farmer, particularly exporters (p
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Fruits and Vegetables in Vietnam: A
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Ta Minh Tuan SOFRI Data collection
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Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introd
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Chapter 5: Characteristics of fruit
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List of Tables Table 2-1: Trends in
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Table 5-7: Proportion of processors
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List of Figures Figure 2-1: Growth
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Chapter 1 Introduction This is the
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quality. In addition, they may face
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This, in turn, creates an incentive
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definition is also convenient becau
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Chapter 2 Patterns and trends in fr
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south, and different varieties of l
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fruits and vegetables. Because of t
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2.2 Characteristics of fruit and ve
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and to fruits, for which the corres
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2.4 Input use How widespread is the
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• The calculations do not take in
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Figure 2-6. Change in the percentag
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1993, the share of output sold was
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Table 2-1: Trends in planted area o
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Table 2-7: Trends in gross value of
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Table 2-10: Plan for fruit and vege
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Table 2-12: Percentage of rural hou
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Table 2-14. Distribution of farm ho
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Table 2-17: Share of fruit and vege
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Table 2-19: Share of growers sellin
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Table 2-21: Percentage of fruit and
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Table 2-23: Percentage of fruit and
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Table 2-25. Gross and net revenue f
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Table 2-27. Gross and net revenue f
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Table 2-29. Comparison of fruit and
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1 Introduction Chapter 3 Commercial
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2.4 Sources of revenue Survey respo
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that year, with similar patterns by
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The most popular tomato varieties a
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5.2 Culling of fruit Trees The majo
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Producers in Ha Noi, however, have
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The amount of manure used by dragon
Page 85 and 86: Producers generally do not rent sto
Page 87 and 88: For longan and litchi producers the
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Page 91 and 92: Box 3-3. Lam Dong farmers face risk
Page 93 and 94: percent had access to a telephone,
Page 95 and 96: 9.3 Quality of Extension Organizati
Page 97 and 98: 10.2 Credit sources As Table 3-40 s
Page 99 and 100: these laborers account for about ha
Page 101 and 102: Table 3-1 Sample Locations and Prod
Page 103 and 104: Table 3-6 Sources of revenue by reg
Page 105 and 106: Table 3-10 Profitability of Househo
Page 107 and 108: Table 3-12 Planting Profile for Cro
Page 109 and 110: Table 3-14 Production Profile for S
Page 111 and 112: Table 3-16 Fruit and Vegetable Mana
Page 113 and 114: Table 3-18 Propagation Methods for
Page 115 and 116: Table 3-22 Production, Sales, Consu
Page 117 and 118: Table 3-27 Sales of Fruit And Veget
Page 119 and 120: Table 3-32 Proportion of Crop Affec
Page 121 and 122: Table 3-36 Extension services provi
Page 123 and 124: Table 3-39 Credit Usage by Region R
Page 125 and 126: 1 Introduction Chapter 4 Fruit and
Page 127 and 128: elated activities. The large differ
Page 129 and 130: traders (16.2). Wages paid by expor
Page 131 and 132: Figure 4-1. Percentage of traders r
Page 133 and 134: The average exporter was a member o
Page 135: About 85 percent of fruit and veget
Page 139 and 140: domestic traders. In the South, onl
Page 141 and 142: traders used refrigerated trucks to
Page 143 and 144: price information in domestic and i
Page 145 and 146: The average trader in employed 47 w
Page 147 and 148: Table 4-3. Percentage of traders us
Page 149 and 150: Table 4-6. Sources of post-startup
Page 151 and 152: Table 4-10. Types of post-harvest a
Page 153 and 154: Table 4-13. Types of post-harvest a
Page 155 and 156: Table 4-15. Characteristics of meas
Page 157 and 158: Table 4-19. Organizations that insp
Page 159 and 160: Table 4-23. Prevalence and characte
Page 161: Table 4-25. Characteristics of prof
Page 164 and 165: operating expenses, and profits of
Page 166 and 167: The daily wage varies from VND 34 t
Page 168 and 169: processors wanting to access more l
Page 170 and 171: private farms and traders, together
Page 172 and 173: processors taking no action to ensu
Page 174 and 175: The most common types of processed
Page 176 and 177: while 18 percent use a closed shed,
Page 178 and 179: Only 12 percent of the processors s
Page 180 and 181: all of the lending institutions (VN
Page 182 and 183: The main reason cited by processors
Page 184 and 185: 11.2 Perceived level of Competition
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Despite the fact that processors ut
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Table 5-3. Distribution of manager
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Table 5-9. Distribution of function
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Table 5-14. Percentage of processor
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Table 5-21. Capacity utilization (%
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Table 5-27. Proportion of sales to
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Table 5-33. Percent of processors r
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Table 5-38. Revenue and costs for d
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Table 5-40. Value added and asset r
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1 Introduction Chapter 6 Fruit and
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Like other exports, fruit and veget
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Figure 6-1. Trend in exports of fru
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As a result, China is the largest e
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short distance, belonging to AFTA,
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In September 1999, the government i
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Of course, expanding exports cannot
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The past five years, there has been
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Table 6-1: Trends in fruit and vege
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Table 6-3: Destination of Vietnames
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Table 6-5. Composition of Vietnames
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Table 6-7. Fruit tariff reduction s
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1 Introduction Chapter 7 Fruit and
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the case of kohlrabi, which is cons
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Figure 7-2. Consumption of fruits a
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The results of the demand analysis
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Of the ten categories of fruits and
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5 Retail marketing of fruits and ve
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ands, but additional products can b
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Table 7-1. Summary of fruit and veg
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Table 7-4 . Per capita consumption
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Table 7-8. Share of consumption fro
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Table 7-12. Determinants of Demand
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Table 7-24. Comparison of fruit and
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In recognition of the marketing pro
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was obliged to cover its cost with
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The company has a staff of 200 work
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Given this background, it would be
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4 Plant protection Plant protection
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attitudes toward pesticide risk, th
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options are understood, the final s
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gave them the contacts and marketin
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7 Summary and conclusions The insti
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combination of random testing in th
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just over half (54 percent) of the
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government institutions, particular
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The average gross revenue among the
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smaller processors experienced a gr
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household category (83 percent of w
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growers, forcing them to improve ef
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The government should facilitate pr
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countries are becoming increasingly
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Bibliography ANZDEC/IFPRI/Lincoln.
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Vietnam News Service. 2001. “Grow
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