Fruits and Vegetables in Vietnam - International Food Policy ...

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processors wanting to access more land in order to expand their business operations was highest amongst medium firms (24 percent). Of the businesses that are interested in gaining more land for expansion, over 80 percent (33 processors) were implementing this strategy by actively looking for land at the time of the survey. The average land area desired by those processors actively looking for more land is around 3.7 hectares. Only 5 of the surveyed processors (around 2 percent) had considered moving their processing business to an industrial park. These processors were all either medium or large processors. The most common reason for not considering moving to an industrial park was that the processor had no plans to expand production, and hence saw no need to change locations. Of the businesses that indicated that they had plans for expansion but had not considered moving to an industrial park, the most common reason for not wanting to move to an industrial park was that none existed in their location. 5 Processing equipment and other assets 5.1 Value of assets The total current value of assets ranged from VND 14.5 million to VND 137 billion with an average level of VND 2.44 billion. The total current asset value reported by processors increased as the size of processor increased, with the average current asset level of large processors being over 10 times greater than that of small processors. The average total current value of processing equipment owned by processors is around VND1.82 billion, or three-quarters of the total value of assets. The average varies from VND 383 million among small processor to VND 7.9 billion among large processors. Similarly, the value of processing equipment of processors in the South is substantially greater than that of processors in the North (VND 2.3 billion compared to VND 1.4 billion) (see Table 5-8). 5.2 Characteristics of processing equipment Processors have a number of different types of processing equipment that are used in the processing plants. The most common type of major equipment item was drying machines (30 percent of all equipment cited), followed by weighing machines (28 percent). These two types of equipment were the most common for all sizes of processor, in North and South, and in both fruit and vegetable processors (see Table 5-9). The average age of equipment used by processors was 5.5 years. Furthermore, the average age of equipment did not show much variation between small and large processors. On average the oldest types of equipment were juicing, concentrating and mixing machines and the newest types were grading and power generating machines. These figures are somewhat surprising, given that the food processing industry in Vietnam is often criticized for using old and obsolete equipment. Among the Chapter 5 Fruit and Vegetable Processors Page 5-6
processors interviewed for this survey, the designs may not be new, but the equipment itself is relatively new (see Table 5-10). Over 82 percent of the equipment was manufactured in Vietnam. Large processors were more likely to use imported equipment, with Russia, Taiwan, and China being the most often cited sources. Even for large processors, however, almost two-thirds of the equipment (65 percent) is Vietnamese (see Table 5-11). Viet Nam is the dominant country of source for all types of equipment, with the exception of sterilizing machines, quick freeze machines, juicing machines and concentrating machines. Almost all equipment specified by the processors (98 percent) was owned by the processors rather than rented. The only type of specified equipment that any of the processors rented was drying machines, with rented machinery accounting for almost 6 percent of drying machines. The major source of information used by processors is observation of equipment used by other processors. This information source is more important for small and medium processors, whilst large processors have a heavier reliance on equipment suppliers and customers for processing equipment information. The majority of processors (more than 87 percent) reported that they had experienced no major problems with equipment. The most common reported problems were that equipment was worn out, or that it was technically unable to produce good products. Similar proportions of small, medium and large processors reported problems with equipment (see Table 5-12). Around 51 percent of processors owned equipment other than transportation or processing equipment and 49 percent owned transportation equipment assets. These proportion increased as the size of processor increased. Almost all of the processors (98.8 percent) owned building assets of some type. The most common reported type of assets owned by processors were livestock, motorcycles and housing/cottages. 6 Input Procurement 6.1 Raw material purchases The quantity of raw materials used annually by processors varied between 182 kg annually and 57 thousand tons annually, with an average of around 1365 tons. Small processors used an average of about 100 tons per year, compared to 3688 tons for the large processors. The average amount of raw material utilized by Southern processors was substantially larger than that utilized by Northern processors (see Table 5-13). The value of purchased raw material inputs averaged around VND2.33 billion, whilst the average value of purchased and own produced inputs was around VND2.39 billion. Processors can obtain raw material inputs from a number of sources, including their own production, various domestic sources and imports. The most common sources of raw material inputs were from domestic Chapter 5 Fruit and Vegetable Processors Page 5-7
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Fruits and Vegetables in Vietnam: A
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Ta Minh Tuan SOFRI Data collection
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Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introd
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Chapter 5: Characteristics of fruit
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List of Tables Table 2-1: Trends in
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Table 5-7: Proportion of processors
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List of Figures Figure 2-1: Growth
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Chapter 1 Introduction This is the
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quality. In addition, they may face
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This, in turn, creates an incentive
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definition is also convenient becau
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Chapter 2 Patterns and trends in fr
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south, and different varieties of l
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fruits and vegetables. Because of t
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2.2 Characteristics of fruit and ve
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and to fruits, for which the corres
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2.4 Input use How widespread is the
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• The calculations do not take in
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Figure 2-6. Change in the percentag
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1993, the share of output sold was
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Table 2-1: Trends in planted area o
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Table 2-7: Trends in gross value of
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Table 2-10: Plan for fruit and vege
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Table 2-12: Percentage of rural hou
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Table 2-14. Distribution of farm ho
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Table 2-17: Share of fruit and vege
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Table 2-19: Share of growers sellin
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Table 2-21: Percentage of fruit and
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Table 2-23: Percentage of fruit and
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Table 2-25. Gross and net revenue f
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Table 2-27. Gross and net revenue f
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Table 2-29. Comparison of fruit and
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1 Introduction Chapter 3 Commercial
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2.4 Sources of revenue Survey respo
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that year, with similar patterns by
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The most popular tomato varieties a
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5.2 Culling of fruit Trees The majo
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Producers in Ha Noi, however, have
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The amount of manure used by dragon
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Producers generally do not rent sto
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For longan and litchi producers the
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contractors while 97 percent said t
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Box 3-3. Lam Dong farmers face risk
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percent had access to a telephone,
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9.3 Quality of Extension Organizati
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10.2 Credit sources As Table 3-40 s
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these laborers account for about ha
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Table 3-1 Sample Locations and Prod
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Table 3-6 Sources of revenue by reg
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Table 3-10 Profitability of Househo
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Table 3-12 Planting Profile for Cro
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Table 3-14 Production Profile for S
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Table 3-16 Fruit and Vegetable Mana
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Table 3-18 Propagation Methods for
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Table 3-22 Production, Sales, Consu
Page 117 and 118: Table 3-27 Sales of Fruit And Veget
Page 119 and 120: Table 3-32 Proportion of Crop Affec
Page 121 and 122: Table 3-36 Extension services provi
Page 123 and 124: Table 3-39 Credit Usage by Region R
Page 125 and 126: 1 Introduction Chapter 4 Fruit and
Page 127 and 128: elated activities. The large differ
Page 129 and 130: traders (16.2). Wages paid by expor
Page 131 and 132: Figure 4-1. Percentage of traders r
Page 133 and 134: The average exporter was a member o
Page 135 and 136: About 85 percent of fruit and veget
Page 137 and 138: Only 17.0 and 28.7 percent of trade
Page 139 and 140: domestic traders. In the South, onl
Page 141 and 142: traders used refrigerated trucks to
Page 143 and 144: price information in domestic and i
Page 145 and 146: The average trader in employed 47 w
Page 147 and 148: Table 4-3. Percentage of traders us
Page 149 and 150: Table 4-6. Sources of post-startup
Page 151 and 152: Table 4-10. Types of post-harvest a
Page 153 and 154: Table 4-13. Types of post-harvest a
Page 155 and 156: Table 4-15. Characteristics of meas
Page 157 and 158: Table 4-19. Organizations that insp
Page 159 and 160: Table 4-23. Prevalence and characte
Page 161: Table 4-25. Characteristics of prof
Page 164 and 165: operating expenses, and profits of
Page 166 and 167: The daily wage varies from VND 34 t
Page 170 and 171: private farms and traders, together
Page 172 and 173: processors taking no action to ensu
Page 174 and 175: The most common types of processed
Page 176 and 177: while 18 percent use a closed shed,
Page 178 and 179: Only 12 percent of the processors s
Page 180 and 181: all of the lending institutions (VN
Page 182 and 183: The main reason cited by processors
Page 184 and 185: 11.2 Perceived level of Competition
Page 186 and 187: Despite the fact that processors ut
Page 188 and 189: Table 5-3. Distribution of manager
Page 190 and 191: Table 5-9. Distribution of function
Page 192 and 193: Table 5-14. Percentage of processor
Page 194 and 195: Table 5-21. Capacity utilization (%
Page 196 and 197: Table 5-27. Proportion of sales to
Page 198 and 199: Table 5-33. Percent of processors r
Page 200 and 201: Table 5-38. Revenue and costs for d
Page 202 and 203: Table 5-40. Value added and asset r
Page 205 and 206: 1 Introduction Chapter 6 Fruit and
Page 207 and 208: Like other exports, fruit and veget
Page 209 and 210: Figure 6-1. Trend in exports of fru
Page 211 and 212: As a result, China is the largest e
Page 213 and 214: short distance, belonging to AFTA,
Page 215 and 216: In September 1999, the government i
Page 217 and 218: Of course, expanding exports cannot
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The past five years, there has been
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Table 6-1: Trends in fruit and vege
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Table 6-3: Destination of Vietnames
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Table 6-5. Composition of Vietnames
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Table 6-7. Fruit tariff reduction s
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1 Introduction Chapter 7 Fruit and
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the case of kohlrabi, which is cons
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Figure 7-2. Consumption of fruits a
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The results of the demand analysis
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Of the ten categories of fruits and
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5 Retail marketing of fruits and ve
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ands, but additional products can b
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Table 7-1. Summary of fruit and veg
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Table 7-4 . Per capita consumption
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Table 7-8. Share of consumption fro
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Table 7-12. Determinants of Demand
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Table 7-24. Comparison of fruit and
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In recognition of the marketing pro
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was obliged to cover its cost with
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The company has a staff of 200 work
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Given this background, it would be
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4 Plant protection Plant protection
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attitudes toward pesticide risk, th
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options are understood, the final s
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gave them the contacts and marketin
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7 Summary and conclusions The insti
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combination of random testing in th
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just over half (54 percent) of the
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government institutions, particular
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The average gross revenue among the
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smaller processors experienced a gr
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household category (83 percent of w
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growers, forcing them to improve ef
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The government should facilitate pr
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countries are becoming increasingly
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Bibliography ANZDEC/IFPRI/Lincoln.
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Vietnam News Service. 2001. “Grow
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