Fruits and Vegetables in Vietnam - International Food Policy ...

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while 18 percent use a closed shed, 15 percent use either frozen storage facilities or a sealed warehouse, and 10 percent use chilled storage facilities. Chilled or frozen storage facilities are used by about 11 percent of the processors, though more often by large processors (25 percent) and mixed fruit and vegetable processors (25 percent). Chilled and frozen storage are also more common in the South (17 percent) than in the North (3 percent). The average storage capacity of processors was 222 tons, ranging from 42 tons among small processors to 427 tons among large processors. The vast majority of the storage facilities used by processors (97 percent) are owned by the processor, and a similar share (98 percent) are for exclusive use by that processor rather than being shared. Only 5 respondents indicated that they shared storage facilities. The majority of processors (97 percent) were satisfied with the amount of storage space they had. The average storage quantity for processed produce was 36.3 tons, with a maximum of 57 tons. The average quantity stored ranged between 75 tons for large processors down to 6.3 tons for small processors. Storage losses appear to be quite modest. Processors reported only a 0.51 percent loss in quantity and a 1.5 percent loss in quality. The loss in quantity and quality did not vary substantially across processor size and type. The most common cause of loss in quantity in stored produce was humidity and rodents (36 and 33 percent of respondents respectively). The most common cause of loss in quality in stored produce was humidity and transport related problems (63 and 22 percent of respondents). As a result of the very low losses in storage, the majority of processors (77 percent of respondents) take no action to reduce storage losses (see Table 5-26). 8.2 Marketing channels Processors can make sales of products through a number of different channels, both domestically and on the export market. Small processors sell primarily to supermarkets (79 percent), while medium-sized processors sell to supermarkets (38 percent) and exporters (37 percent). Large processors sell to exporters (32 percent) and export directly (44 percent). Overall, somewhat more than half of the sales of the fruit and vegetable processors surveyed were for export, either directly or through exporters. Southern processors and vegetable processors were more export oriented than others. Vegetable processors were more likely to export through an exporter, while fruit processors were more likely to export directly. This may reflect the larger size of the average fruit processors compared to vegetable processors. Products with the longest average transportation distance are juice (594 km) and died products (684 km). Around 58 percent (139) of the processors exported products, either directly or through selling to exporters or dealing with licensed exporters or agents. Of the processors exporting products, less than a quarter (36) of the processors were involved in directly selling the products for Chapter 5 Fruit and Vegetable Processors Page 5-14
export themselves. Small and medium-sized processors sold to exporters, while larger processors exported directly. The export channels for processors in the North and South were similar (see Table 5-27). Processors exporting directly had an average of 4 foreign customers. The main methods of meeting foreign customers were through a relative or friend or during previous work experience with a state-owned enterprise. In addition, large processors made contacts at trade exhibitions. All of the processors who exported directly were aware of the country of destination of their exports, However, none of the processors who exported through other channels (either selling to exporters or through dealing with export agencies) had any knowledge of what the country of destination of their products was. Among those processors that could name the destination of their exports, the most commonly cited countries were Taiwan, Japan and China, accounting for around 50 percent of total. China is more important destination for exports from medium processors, and Japan and Taiwan being relatively more important for large processors. 8.3 Transportation Of the 241 processors in the survey, 214 respondents, or 89 percent, said that they use some form of transport to buy and sell fruits and vegetables. Although the majority of processors use some form of transportation in buying and selling fruits and vegetables, large processors of fruit are more likely to use transportation than small processors of vegetables. The most common forms of transport were truck, van or minivan, boat and motorbikes (36, 18, 10 and 10 percent of respondents respectively). Small processors mainly used vans or minivans (30 percent of respondents) and motorbikes (19 percent). In contrast, medium-size and large processors mainly used trucks (42 percent and 48 percent, respectively). Nearly all processors rent some form of transport (93 percent of respondents) and this is consistent across all types of processor and across all business sizes. Trucks were the most common form of rented transport (50 percent of respondents) followed by vans and minivans (22 percent) and cars (11 percent). Over one-third of the processors (36 percent) indicated that they had experienced transport restrictions of some form. These restrictions were mainly targeted towards larger processors, perhaps due to their size making them more readily identifiable. Forty-four percent of medium and large processors experienced some form of restrictions compared with 20 percent of small processors. Processors were asked to identify the two most important restrictions that negatively affected their business. The half the respondents (50 percent) indicated that police conduct was the most important restriction while inter-province blocks were cited by 24 percent and tolls by 15 percent (see Table 5- 28). Chapter 5 Fruit and Vegetable Processors Page 5-15
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Fruits and Vegetables in Vietnam: A
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Ta Minh Tuan SOFRI Data collection
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Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introd
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Chapter 5: Characteristics of fruit
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List of Tables Table 2-1: Trends in
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Table 5-7: Proportion of processors
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List of Figures Figure 2-1: Growth
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Chapter 1 Introduction This is the
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quality. In addition, they may face
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This, in turn, creates an incentive
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definition is also convenient becau
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Chapter 2 Patterns and trends in fr
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south, and different varieties of l
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fruits and vegetables. Because of t
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2.2 Characteristics of fruit and ve
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and to fruits, for which the corres
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2.4 Input use How widespread is the
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• The calculations do not take in
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Figure 2-6. Change in the percentag
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1993, the share of output sold was
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Table 2-1: Trends in planted area o
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Table 2-7: Trends in gross value of
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Table 2-10: Plan for fruit and vege
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Table 2-12: Percentage of rural hou
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Table 2-14. Distribution of farm ho
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Table 2-17: Share of fruit and vege
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Table 2-19: Share of growers sellin
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Table 2-21: Percentage of fruit and
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Table 2-23: Percentage of fruit and
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Table 2-25. Gross and net revenue f
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Table 2-27. Gross and net revenue f
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Table 2-29. Comparison of fruit and
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1 Introduction Chapter 3 Commercial
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2.4 Sources of revenue Survey respo
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that year, with similar patterns by
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The most popular tomato varieties a
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5.2 Culling of fruit Trees The majo
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Producers in Ha Noi, however, have
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The amount of manure used by dragon
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Producers generally do not rent sto
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For longan and litchi producers the
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contractors while 97 percent said t
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Box 3-3. Lam Dong farmers face risk
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percent had access to a telephone,
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9.3 Quality of Extension Organizati
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10.2 Credit sources As Table 3-40 s
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these laborers account for about ha
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Table 3-1 Sample Locations and Prod
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Table 3-6 Sources of revenue by reg
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Table 3-10 Profitability of Househo
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Table 3-12 Planting Profile for Cro
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Table 3-14 Production Profile for S
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Table 3-16 Fruit and Vegetable Mana
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Table 3-18 Propagation Methods for
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Table 3-22 Production, Sales, Consu
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Table 3-27 Sales of Fruit And Veget
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Table 3-32 Proportion of Crop Affec
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Table 3-36 Extension services provi
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Table 3-39 Credit Usage by Region R
Page 125 and 126: 1 Introduction Chapter 4 Fruit and
Page 127 and 128: elated activities. The large differ
Page 129 and 130: traders (16.2). Wages paid by expor
Page 131 and 132: Figure 4-1. Percentage of traders r
Page 133 and 134: The average exporter was a member o
Page 135 and 136: About 85 percent of fruit and veget
Page 137 and 138: Only 17.0 and 28.7 percent of trade
Page 139 and 140: domestic traders. In the South, onl
Page 141 and 142: traders used refrigerated trucks to
Page 143 and 144: price information in domestic and i
Page 145 and 146: The average trader in employed 47 w
Page 147 and 148: Table 4-3. Percentage of traders us
Page 149 and 150: Table 4-6. Sources of post-startup
Page 151 and 152: Table 4-10. Types of post-harvest a
Page 153 and 154: Table 4-13. Types of post-harvest a
Page 155 and 156: Table 4-15. Characteristics of meas
Page 157 and 158: Table 4-19. Organizations that insp
Page 159 and 160: Table 4-23. Prevalence and characte
Page 161: Table 4-25. Characteristics of prof
Page 164 and 165: operating expenses, and profits of
Page 166 and 167: The daily wage varies from VND 34 t
Page 168 and 169: processors wanting to access more l
Page 170 and 171: private farms and traders, together
Page 172 and 173: processors taking no action to ensu
Page 174 and 175: The most common types of processed
Page 178 and 179: Only 12 percent of the processors s
Page 180 and 181: all of the lending institutions (VN
Page 182 and 183: The main reason cited by processors
Page 184 and 185: 11.2 Perceived level of Competition
Page 186 and 187: Despite the fact that processors ut
Page 188 and 189: Table 5-3. Distribution of manager
Page 190 and 191: Table 5-9. Distribution of function
Page 192 and 193: Table 5-14. Percentage of processor
Page 194 and 195: Table 5-21. Capacity utilization (%
Page 196 and 197: Table 5-27. Proportion of sales to
Page 198 and 199: Table 5-33. Percent of processors r
Page 200 and 201: Table 5-38. Revenue and costs for d
Page 202 and 203: Table 5-40. Value added and asset r
Page 205 and 206: 1 Introduction Chapter 6 Fruit and
Page 207 and 208: Like other exports, fruit and veget
Page 209 and 210: Figure 6-1. Trend in exports of fru
Page 211 and 212: As a result, China is the largest e
Page 213 and 214: short distance, belonging to AFTA,
Page 215 and 216: In September 1999, the government i
Page 217 and 218: Of course, expanding exports cannot
Page 219 and 220: The past five years, there has been
Page 221 and 222: Table 6-1: Trends in fruit and vege
Page 223 and 224: Table 6-3: Destination of Vietnames
Page 225 and 226: Table 6-5. Composition of Vietnames
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Table 6-7. Fruit tariff reduction s
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1 Introduction Chapter 7 Fruit and
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the case of kohlrabi, which is cons
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Figure 7-2. Consumption of fruits a
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The results of the demand analysis
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Of the ten categories of fruits and
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5 Retail marketing of fruits and ve
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ands, but additional products can b
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Table 7-1. Summary of fruit and veg
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Table 7-4 . Per capita consumption
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Table 7-8. Share of consumption fro
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Table 7-12. Determinants of Demand
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Table 7-24. Comparison of fruit and
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In recognition of the marketing pro
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was obliged to cover its cost with
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The company has a staff of 200 work
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Given this background, it would be
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4 Plant protection Plant protection
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attitudes toward pesticide risk, th
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options are understood, the final s
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gave them the contacts and marketin
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7 Summary and conclusions The insti
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combination of random testing in th
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just over half (54 percent) of the
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government institutions, particular
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The average gross revenue among the
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smaller processors experienced a gr
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household category (83 percent of w
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growers, forcing them to improve ef
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The government should facilitate pr
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countries are becoming increasingly
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Bibliography ANZDEC/IFPRI/Lincoln.
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Vietnam News Service. 2001. “Grow
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