Fruits and Vegetables in Vietnam - International Food Policy ...

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in coffee area, but tea, sugarcane, and other tree crops have also grown. Currently, fruit crops are planted on 496 thousand hectares, which represents about 27 percent of perennial crop area and 4 percent of the total crop area (see Table 2-3 and Figure 2-1). Figure 2-1. Growth in planted area over 1990-99 All crops Annual crops Food crops Veg. & beans Annual ind. crops Perennial crops Fruit Other perennials 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Annual growth in area (percent) The Mekong Delta is by far the most important fruit growing area in Vietnam. In the mid- 1990s, it accounted for over half of the total fruit area in the country. Since 1995, the Mekong fruit area continues to expand, but less rapidly than in other regions, so its share of the national total has fallen to 38 percent. The fruit area in the Northern Uplands has grown more quickly in the 1990s, so that its share in the total has risen to 23 percent 1 . This expansion reflects the growing demand for fruit in Hanoi and by Chinese consumers. The Southeast has also seen its fruit area grow rapidly (11 percent per year) other region whose fruit area has grown faster than the national average in the 1990s is the Southeast. This area has been the center of dynamic growth in agro-industry, producing fresh and processed fruit products for consumers in Ho Chi Minh City and for export (see Table 2-4). One of the largest and fastest-growing fruit sectors is longan, litchi, and rambuttan 2 . As recently as 1993, statistics on these crops were not even reported in the statistical yearbooks. Since 1994, the area planted to these three fruits has grown four-fold or 37 percent per year. These fruits represent 26 percent of the total fruit area. Litchis are primarily grown in the north, rambuttan in the 1 Part of the very high growth rate over the 1990s is due to an unusually low figure for 1990. Given the stability of tree crop area over time, this may reflect a statistical anomaly. 2 These three related crops are combined in Vietnamese statistics. Chapter 2. Patterns and trends in fruit and vegetable production Page 2-2
south, and different varieties of longan are grown in the north and south. Bananas are also an important fruit crop, accounting for 19 percent of the fruit area, but banana area remains essentially unchanged since 1990. As will be discussed later, bananas are grown largely for home consumption. Furthermore, the urban demand for bananas is not very income elastic, meaning that as consumer incomes rise, demand for bananas is only moderately affected. Pineapple area has actually declined over the 1990s, perhaps reflecting the collapse of the COMECON market for canned and fresh pineapple around 1989-91. In contrast, the areas allocated to citrus and mango have grown at 18 percent and 11 percent per year, respectively (see Table 2-5 and Figure 2-2). These fruit crops (longan, litchi, rambuttan, banana, pineapple, citrus, and mango) account for about 73 percent of the area planted with fruits in Vietnam. Figure 2-2. Growth in different fruit crops over the 1990s Area (1000 ha) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Citrus Banana Mango Chapter 2. Patterns and trends in fruit and vegetable production Page 2-3 Pineapple Litchi/L/R The trends in the volume of fruit production are very similar to the trends in fruit area: longan, litchi, and rambuttan output is growing rapidly, as is production of citrus, while banana production has been stagnant and pineapple output has fallen. It is worth noting that for all the major fruit crops, the growth in area exceeds the growth in output (see Table 2-6). This indicates that yields have fallen in all the major fruit crops over the 1990. Some of the reasons for this decline are discussed later. In addition, the production figures highlight the collapse of pineapple production, which fell from 468 thousand tons in 1990 to 185 thousand tons in 1995. This represents a 60 percent drop in pineapple
Page 1: Fruits and Vegetables in Vietnam: A
Page 4 and 5: Ta Minh Tuan SOFRI Data collection
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introd
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 5: Characteristics of fruit
Page 11 and 12: List of Tables Table 2-1: Trends in
Page 13 and 14: Table 5-7: Proportion of processors
Page 15 and 16: List of Figures Figure 2-1: Growth
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 Introduction This is the
Page 19 and 20: quality. In addition, they may face
Page 21 and 22: This, in turn, creates an incentive
Page 23 and 24: definition is also convenient becau
Page 25: Chapter 2 Patterns and trends in fr
Page 29 and 30: fruits and vegetables. Because of t
Page 31 and 32: 2.2 Characteristics of fruit and ve
Page 33 and 34: and to fruits, for which the corres
Page 35 and 36: 2.4 Input use How widespread is the
Page 37 and 38: • The calculations do not take in
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2-6. Change in the percentag
Page 41 and 42: 1993, the share of output sold was
Page 43 and 44: Table 2-1: Trends in planted area o
Page 49 and 50: Table 2-7: Trends in gross value of
Page 51 and 52: Table 2-10: Plan for fruit and vege
Page 53 and 54: Table 2-12: Percentage of rural hou
Page 55 and 56: Table 2-14. Distribution of farm ho
Page 57 and 58: Table 2-17: Share of fruit and vege
Page 59 and 60: Table 2-19: Share of growers sellin
Page 61 and 62: Table 2-21: Percentage of fruit and
Page 63 and 64: Table 2-23: Percentage of fruit and
Page 65 and 66: Table 2-25. Gross and net revenue f
Page 67 and 68: Table 2-27. Gross and net revenue f
Page 69 and 70: Table 2-29. Comparison of fruit and
Page 71 and 72: 1 Introduction Chapter 3 Commercial
Page 73 and 74: 2.4 Sources of revenue Survey respo
Page 75 and 76: that year, with similar patterns by
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The most popular tomato varieties a
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5.2 Culling of fruit Trees The majo
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Producers in Ha Noi, however, have
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The amount of manure used by dragon
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Producers generally do not rent sto
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For longan and litchi producers the
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contractors while 97 percent said t
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Box 3-3. Lam Dong farmers face risk
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percent had access to a telephone,
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9.3 Quality of Extension Organizati
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10.2 Credit sources As Table 3-40 s
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these laborers account for about ha
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Table 3-1 Sample Locations and Prod
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Table 3-6 Sources of revenue by reg
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Table 3-10 Profitability of Househo
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Table 3-12 Planting Profile for Cro
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Table 3-14 Production Profile for S
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Table 3-16 Fruit and Vegetable Mana
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Table 3-18 Propagation Methods for
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Table 3-22 Production, Sales, Consu
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Table 3-27 Sales of Fruit And Veget
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Table 3-32 Proportion of Crop Affec
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Table 3-36 Extension services provi
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Table 3-39 Credit Usage by Region R
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1 Introduction Chapter 4 Fruit and
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elated activities. The large differ
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traders (16.2). Wages paid by expor
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Figure 4-1. Percentage of traders r
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The average exporter was a member o
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About 85 percent of fruit and veget
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Only 17.0 and 28.7 percent of trade
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domestic traders. In the South, onl
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traders used refrigerated trucks to
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price information in domestic and i
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The average trader in employed 47 w
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Table 4-3. Percentage of traders us
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Table 4-6. Sources of post-startup
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Table 4-10. Types of post-harvest a
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Table 4-13. Types of post-harvest a
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Table 4-15. Characteristics of meas
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Table 4-19. Organizations that insp
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Table 4-23. Prevalence and characte
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Table 4-25. Characteristics of prof
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operating expenses, and profits of
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The daily wage varies from VND 34 t
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processors wanting to access more l
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private farms and traders, together
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processors taking no action to ensu
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The most common types of processed
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while 18 percent use a closed shed,
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Only 12 percent of the processors s
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all of the lending institutions (VN
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The main reason cited by processors
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11.2 Perceived level of Competition
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Despite the fact that processors ut
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Table 5-3. Distribution of manager
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Table 5-9. Distribution of function
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Table 5-14. Percentage of processor
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Table 5-21. Capacity utilization (%
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Table 5-27. Proportion of sales to
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Table 5-33. Percent of processors r
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Table 5-38. Revenue and costs for d
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Table 5-40. Value added and asset r
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Like other exports, fruit and veget
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Figure 6-1. Trend in exports of fru
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As a result, China is the largest e
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short distance, belonging to AFTA,
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In September 1999, the government i
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Of course, expanding exports cannot
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The past five years, there has been
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Table 6-1: Trends in fruit and vege
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Table 6-3: Destination of Vietnames
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Table 6-5. Composition of Vietnames
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Table 6-7. Fruit tariff reduction s
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the case of kohlrabi, which is cons
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Figure 7-2. Consumption of fruits a
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The results of the demand analysis
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Of the ten categories of fruits and
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5 Retail marketing of fruits and ve
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ands, but additional products can b
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Table 7-1. Summary of fruit and veg
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Table 7-4 . Per capita consumption
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Table 7-8. Share of consumption fro
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Table 7-12. Determinants of Demand
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Table 7-24. Comparison of fruit and
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In recognition of the marketing pro
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was obliged to cover its cost with
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The company has a staff of 200 work
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Given this background, it would be
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4 Plant protection Plant protection
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attitudes toward pesticide risk, th
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options are understood, the final s
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gave them the contacts and marketin
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7 Summary and conclusions The insti
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combination of random testing in th
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just over half (54 percent) of the
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government institutions, particular
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The average gross revenue among the
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smaller processors experienced a gr
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household category (83 percent of w
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growers, forcing them to improve ef
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The government should facilitate pr
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countries are becoming increasingly
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Bibliography ANZDEC/IFPRI/Lincoln.
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Vietnam News Service. 2001. “Grow
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