Fruits and Vegetables in Vietnam - International Food Policy ...

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3.3 Japan In the long term, Japan is a market of great potential. Japan imports US$ 5.8 billion in fruits and vegetables, making it the fourth largest importer in the world. The Japanese market is the most important destination for Thai fruits and vegetables, importing US$ 50-60 million of fresh fruits and vegetables and US$ 60-80 million of processed fruits and vegetables. At present, Vietnam's fruit and vegetable export value to Japan is modest. In 1999 it was US$ 11.7 million USD in 2000, much lower than the fruit and vegetable export value of Taiwan, Korea, southeast Asian countries, and China to this market (see Table 6-3). The biggest difficulty in exporting fruits and vegetables to Japan's market is that this market has very strict requirements on quality, food safety and hygiene, product forms, and styles. Moreover, there is strong competition among suppliers. However, the potential for fruit and vegetable export to Japan is great. Experience indicates that the best way to penetrate the Japanese market is by cooperating with Japanese companies to obtain guidance in selecting crop varieties, production methods, processing, packing and delivering. Some Vietnamese companies have applied this approach, including firms in Nam Dinh, Ho Chi Minh City, and Da Lat. It is estimated that the fruit and vegetable export value to Japan can reach US$ 150- 200 million in 2010. Box 6-2. Eggplants for export Farmers in Tan Ulyen district of Binh Duong province have been working with a Japanese company to produce eggplants (aubergines) for local consumption and for export. Under the scheme, Japan’s Matuso Company provides credit, successful strains, and standardized pesticides, while the Tan Ba cooperative provides technical assistance, and farmers implement the plan using their land and labor. Each hectare yields about 15 tons of eggplants which sell for about VND 3000 per kg. This implies an average revenue of about VND 45 million per hectare. Production costs are high, though, and Matsuo advances farmers about VND 20 million per hectare to cover the cost of inputs. The company handles all post-harvest operations, including salting, spicing, and cold storage. The eggplants are sold to restaurants (particularly those serving Japanese food) and supermarkets in Vietnam and some is exported directly to Japan. Source: Vietnam News Service, October 23, 2001 3.4 ASEAN countries The ASEAN countries are currently of modest importance to Vietnamese fruit and vegetable exporters 4 . Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia imported US$ 1-2 million each of Vietnamese fruits and vegetables in 2000. The advantages in exporting fruits and vegetables to ASEAN countries are 4 Some sources include spices (particularly pepper) in the statistics for fruits and vegetables. Under this broader definition, Singapore is an important market, importing over US$ 50 million in Vietnamese fruits, vegetables, and spices. Chapter 6. Fruit and vegetable exports Page 6-8
short distance, belonging to AFTA, and the liberal trading system. At the same time, the agroecological conditions in these countries is roughly similar to those of Vietnam, implying that these countries are often competitors rather than potential markets for Vietnamese horticulture. There is good potential for joint ventures between Vietnam and other ASEAN members to take advantage of the technology and skills from those countries and the lower-cost labor and growing conditions in Vietnam. 3.5 Other markets Australia: Vietnam's fruit and vegetable exports to Australia are modest, amounting to US$ 0.9 million in 1999 and US$ 1.4 million in 2000. This market has strict requirement on quality of fruits and vegetables, and particularly strict requirements on phyto-sanitary conditions. As an island nation with many unique fauna and flora, Australia is particularly careful to control the potential spread of pests and diseases from other countries. According to experts, if cooperation way is well-exploited Australia can be considered a potential market in the future. Europe: Because of the long distance and high transportation cost (and the availability of closer suppliers of fresh tropical products), European imports of Vietnamese horticultural products consist mainly of canned fruit and vegetables, fruit juices, and pepper. France, Netherlands, Italy, England, Switzerland and especially Germany import many canned pineapple products, fruit juices and other kinds of canned fruits and vegetables. Vietnam export fruits and vegetables and pepper to 15 countries in this region, with the value rising from US$ 30 million in 1999 to US$ 40 million in 2000. Box 6-3. Export subsidies The Ministry of Finance has announced the exporters of selected products will receive a bonus (or subsidy) for every dollar of exports they ship. In particular, exporters of rice, coffee, pork, and canned fruits and vegetables will receive a bonus worth VND 180-900 for each dollar of exports, based on the FOB value. The bonus is VND 400 for canned vegetables and VND 500 for canned fruit, representing 2.7 percent and 3.3 percent of the FOB value at current exchange rates. Fresh fruits and vegetables are not eligible for the export subsidy. Vietnam News Service, 5 July 2001. North America: The markets in this region are completely new for Vietnam's fruit and vegetable exporters. In some recent years, Vietnam has exported fruits and vegetables to some countries in this region. In 1999, Vietnam exported fruits and vegetables and pepper to the U.S, Canada, Mexico and Brazil with the value of US$ 13.5 million, of which the U.S accounted for US$ 12.2 million. This is a very small amount compared with this huge market. The United States is the largest importer of fruits and vegetables in the world, purchasing US$ 10.0 billion in 1999. Chapter 6. Fruit and vegetable exports Page 6-9
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Fruits and Vegetables in Vietnam: A
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Ta Minh Tuan SOFRI Data collection
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Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introd
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Chapter 5: Characteristics of fruit
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List of Tables Table 2-1: Trends in
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Table 5-7: Proportion of processors
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List of Figures Figure 2-1: Growth
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Chapter 1 Introduction This is the
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quality. In addition, they may face
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This, in turn, creates an incentive
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definition is also convenient becau
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Chapter 2 Patterns and trends in fr
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south, and different varieties of l
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fruits and vegetables. Because of t
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2.2 Characteristics of fruit and ve
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and to fruits, for which the corres
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2.4 Input use How widespread is the
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• The calculations do not take in
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Figure 2-6. Change in the percentag
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1993, the share of output sold was
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Table 2-1: Trends in planted area o
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Table 2-7: Trends in gross value of
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Table 2-10: Plan for fruit and vege
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Table 2-12: Percentage of rural hou
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Table 2-14. Distribution of farm ho
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Table 2-17: Share of fruit and vege
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Table 2-19: Share of growers sellin
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Table 2-21: Percentage of fruit and
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Table 2-23: Percentage of fruit and
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Table 2-25. Gross and net revenue f
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Table 2-27. Gross and net revenue f
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Table 2-29. Comparison of fruit and
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1 Introduction Chapter 3 Commercial
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2.4 Sources of revenue Survey respo
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that year, with similar patterns by
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The most popular tomato varieties a
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5.2 Culling of fruit Trees The majo
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Producers in Ha Noi, however, have
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The amount of manure used by dragon
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Producers generally do not rent sto
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For longan and litchi producers the
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contractors while 97 percent said t
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Box 3-3. Lam Dong farmers face risk
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percent had access to a telephone,
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9.3 Quality of Extension Organizati
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10.2 Credit sources As Table 3-40 s
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these laborers account for about ha
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Table 3-1 Sample Locations and Prod
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Table 3-6 Sources of revenue by reg
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Table 3-10 Profitability of Househo
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Table 3-12 Planting Profile for Cro
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Table 3-14 Production Profile for S
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Table 3-16 Fruit and Vegetable Mana
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Table 3-18 Propagation Methods for
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Table 3-22 Production, Sales, Consu
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Table 3-27 Sales of Fruit And Veget
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Table 3-32 Proportion of Crop Affec
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Table 3-36 Extension services provi
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Table 3-39 Credit Usage by Region R
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1 Introduction Chapter 4 Fruit and
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elated activities. The large differ
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traders (16.2). Wages paid by expor
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Figure 4-1. Percentage of traders r
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The average exporter was a member o
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About 85 percent of fruit and veget
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Only 17.0 and 28.7 percent of trade
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domestic traders. In the South, onl
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traders used refrigerated trucks to
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price information in domestic and i
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The average trader in employed 47 w
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Table 4-3. Percentage of traders us
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Table 4-6. Sources of post-startup
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Table 4-10. Types of post-harvest a
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Table 4-13. Types of post-harvest a
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Table 4-15. Characteristics of meas
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Table 4-19. Organizations that insp
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Table 4-23. Prevalence and characte
Page 161: Table 4-25. Characteristics of prof
Page 164 and 165: operating expenses, and profits of
Page 166 and 167: The daily wage varies from VND 34 t
Page 168 and 169: processors wanting to access more l
Page 170 and 171: private farms and traders, together
Page 172 and 173: processors taking no action to ensu
Page 174 and 175: The most common types of processed
Page 176 and 177: while 18 percent use a closed shed,
Page 178 and 179: Only 12 percent of the processors s
Page 180 and 181: all of the lending institutions (VN
Page 182 and 183: The main reason cited by processors
Page 184 and 185: 11.2 Perceived level of Competition
Page 186 and 187: Despite the fact that processors ut
Page 188 and 189: Table 5-3. Distribution of manager
Page 190 and 191: Table 5-9. Distribution of function
Page 192 and 193: Table 5-14. Percentage of processor
Page 194 and 195: Table 5-21. Capacity utilization (%
Page 196 and 197: Table 5-27. Proportion of sales to
Page 198 and 199: Table 5-33. Percent of processors r
Page 200 and 201: Table 5-38. Revenue and costs for d
Page 202 and 203: Table 5-40. Value added and asset r
Page 205 and 206: 1 Introduction Chapter 6 Fruit and
Page 207 and 208: Like other exports, fruit and veget
Page 209 and 210: Figure 6-1. Trend in exports of fru
Page 211: As a result, China is the largest e
Page 215 and 216: In September 1999, the government i
Page 217 and 218: Of course, expanding exports cannot
Page 219 and 220: The past five years, there has been
Page 221 and 222: Table 6-1: Trends in fruit and vege
Page 223 and 224: Table 6-3: Destination of Vietnames
Page 225 and 226: Table 6-5. Composition of Vietnames
Page 227 and 228: Table 6-7. Fruit tariff reduction s
Page 229 and 230: 1 Introduction Chapter 7 Fruit and
Page 231 and 232: the case of kohlrabi, which is cons
Page 233 and 234: Figure 7-2. Consumption of fruits a
Page 235 and 236: The results of the demand analysis
Page 237 and 238: Of the ten categories of fruits and
Page 239 and 240: 5 Retail marketing of fruits and ve
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Page 243 and 244: Table 7-1. Summary of fruit and veg
Page 245 and 246: Table 7-4 . Per capita consumption
Page 247 and 248: Table 7-8. Share of consumption fro
Page 249 and 250: Table 7-12. Determinants of Demand
Page 255: Table 7-24. Comparison of fruit and
Page 258 and 259: In recognition of the marketing pro
Page 260 and 261: was obliged to cover its cost with
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The company has a staff of 200 work
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Given this background, it would be
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4 Plant protection Plant protection
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attitudes toward pesticide risk, th
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options are understood, the final s
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gave them the contacts and marketin
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7 Summary and conclusions The insti
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combination of random testing in th
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just over half (54 percent) of the
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government institutions, particular
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The average gross revenue among the
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smaller processors experienced a gr
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household category (83 percent of w
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growers, forcing them to improve ef
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The government should facilitate pr
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countries are becoming increasingly
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Bibliography ANZDEC/IFPRI/Lincoln.
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Vietnam News Service. 2001. “Grow
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