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Prof. Dr.nat.techn. Oliver Englhardt Institute of Building Construction Graz University of Technology Copyright © with the authors. All rights reserved. Summary Waved Wooden Wall Hanno Stehling, Dipl.-Ing. Architekt SIA designtoproduction Zurich, stehling@designtoproduction.com Fabian Scheurer, Dipl.-Informatiker SIA designtoproduction Zurich, scheurer@designtoproduction.com This paper is a case-study on how a consortium consisting of a Norwegian and a Swiss timber contractor, a Norwegian boat builder, a Swiss timber engineer and designtoproduction as consultants and planners developed a modular timber façade system for the doubly curved waterfront façade of the KILDEN PERFORMING ARTS CENTER in Kristiansand, Norway. The whole project is based on tightly integrated teamwork between all involved parties, resulting in a continuously digital production chain from detail development until CNC-fabrication. The core of the process was a parametric CAD-model holding more than 14,000 individual building components and over 60,000 connection details. Keywords: Geometries, Assembling/Mounting, Opaque, Materials, Curved, modular, digital pre-fabrication, CNC, timber 1 Introduction Figure 1: The Kilden Performing Arts Center in Kristiansand (ALA Architekter) - 1 -
Advanced Building Skins The Kilden Performing Arts Center in Kristiansand, Norway, designed by Finnish architects ALA and opened in March 2012, provides facilities for the Kristiansand Symphony Orchestra, Opera South and a number of local theatre groups. The building volume is more or less a rectangular box – with one exception: a 100 m wide and 22 m high overhanging and undulating timber wall that looms over the foyer areas and defines the building’s face towards the waterfront. The doubly curved wall cantilevers up to 35m and is bisected by a vertical steel/glass façade into both an exterior and an interior part. It is clad with oak boards that feature a continuous pattern of 10mm wide gaps along the whole façade, demanding a meticulous finish. The original construction concept put out to tender consisted of curved steel tubes defining the shape of the façade and welded to straight steel beams suspended from the building’s concrete structure. Several thin layers of timber substructure and finally the oak skin would be attached on site. However, a mock-up of several square meters did not meet the high demands in terms of precision as well as visible and tangible quality. The on-site assembly of the cladding boards – which were straight, but twisted and had to be slightly tapered between the curved (longer) bottom edge and the straight (shorter) top edge of the façade – proved to be immensely laborious. But the most serious problem lay in the substructure: 3000 running meters of shape-defining steel tubes had to be bent with continuously changing radii in order to follow the wave form. As the only machines capable of bending tubes with the required cross sections were limited to fixed radii, the geometry had to be approximated by short arc segments, welded together on-site. At this point, a consortium around the Norwegian timber contractor Trebyggeriet decided to suggest an alternative construction concept based on prefabricated façade elements. 2 Higher Precision through Prefabrication Instead of building the façade as one continuous structure on-site, it is divided into 126 elements with rectangular footprints. The elements bring their own stiff substructure, which consists of two straight and a maximum of 13 single-curved glue-laminated timber beams, to which the cladding boards are then attached. These up to 50 sqm large elements can be pre-assembled off-site and hoisted directly into the primary steel structure, reducing on-site labor to an absolute minimum. Figure 2: Explosion drawing of a façade element (designtoproduction) - 2 -
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