The State of Minority- and Women- Owned ... - Cleveland.com

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List of Tables Table AC.32. Industry Group Utilization, Availability, and Disparity Results for City of Cleveland Commodities Contracting (Major Procurements) (Dollars Paid) ................. 609 Table AC.33. Industry Group Utilization, Availability, and Disparity Results for City of Cleveland Construction Contracting (Minor Procurements) (Dollars Awarded) .......... 624 Table AC.34. Industry Group Utilization, Availability, and Disparity Results for City of Cleveland Construction Contracting (Minor Procurements) (Dollars Paid) .................. 627 Table AC.35. Industry Group Utilization, Availability, and Disparity Results for City of Cleveland AE-CRS Contracting (Minor Procurements) (Dollars Awarded) ................ 630 Table AC.36. Industry Group Utilization, Availability, and Disparity Results for City of Cleveland AE-CRS Contracting (Minor Procurements) (Dollars Paid) ........................ 631 Table AC.37. Industry Group Utilization, Availability, and Disparity Results for City of Cleveland Services Contracting (Minor Procurements) (Dollars Awarded) ................. 632 Table AC.38. Industry Group Utilization, Availability, and Disparity Results for City of Cleveland Services Contracting (Minor Procurements) (Dollars Paid) ......................... 647 Table AC.39. Industry Group Utilization, Availability, and Disparity Results for City of Cleveland Commodities Contracting (Minor Procurements) (Dollars Awarded) ......... 661 Table AC.40. Industry Group Utilization, Availability, and Disparity Results for City of Cleveland Commodities Contracting (Minor Procurements) (Dollars Paid) ................. 676 NERA Economic Consulting xii
Executive Summary A. Introduction Executive Summary To ensure compliance with constitutional mandates and M/WBE best practices, NERA Economic Consulting was commissioned to examine the past and current status of minorityowned business enterprises (“MBEs”) and women-owned business enterprises (“WBEs”) (collectively “M/WBEs”) in the geographic and product markets for City of Cleveland contracting and procurement. The Study finds both statistical and anecdotal evidence of business discrimination against M/WBEs in the City’s relevant market area. The results of NERA’s Study provide the evidentiary record necessary for the City’s consideration of whether to implement renewed Minority Business Enterprise (“MBE”), Female Business Enterprise (“FBE”), and Cleveland Area Small Business (“CSB”) policies that comply with the requirements of the courts and to assess the extent to which previous efforts have assisted M/WBEs and CSBs to participate on a fair basis in the City’s contracting and procurement activities. The Study will also assist the City to narrowly tailor existing race- and gender-based measures and any new measures that may be considered. 1 B. Legal Standards for Local Government Race- and Gender-Based Affirmative Action Contracting Programs To be effective, enforceable, and legally defensible, a race- and gender-based program must meet the judicial test of constitutional “strict scrutiny.” Strict scrutiny requires a “compelling interest” in remedying discrimination, which has been defined as a “strong basis in evidence” of the persistence of discrimination, and any remedies adopted must be “narrowly tailored” to address that discrimination. Applying these terms to government affirmative action contracting programs is complex, and cases are quite fact specific. Since 1989, federal appellate and district courts have developed parameters for establishing a state or local government’s compelling interest in remedying discrimination and evaluating whether the remedies adopted to address that discrimination are narrowly tailored. This Study follows the guidelines promulgated by the National Academy of Sciences, which the NERA team was proud to develop. 2 Chapter II of the Study provides a detailed and up-to-date overview of current constitutional standards and case law and outlines the legal and program development issues the City must consider in evaluating its CSB/MBE/FBE Program and any future initiatives, with emphasis on critical issues and evidentiary concerns. 1 At the City of Cleveland, the acronym “FBE” includes women-owned business enterprises regardless of race. The more common “WBE” usage includes only nonminority women-owned business enterprises. Both terms appear in this report. The term “FBE” is used primarily referring to program related aspects of the City’s CSB/MBE/FBE Program. In most of the statistical tables and discussion, however, the term “WBE” is used in order to avoid double counting and for consistency with USDOT DBE Program guidelines. 2 Wainwright, J. and C. Holt (2010), Guidelines for Conducting a Disparity and Availability Study for the Federal DBE Program, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, NCHRP Report, Issue No. 644. NERA Economic Consulting 1
Page 1 and 2: The State of Minority- and Women- O
Page 3: About the Project Team NERA Economi
Page 6 and 7: Notice This report sets forth the i
Page 8 and 9: Contents C. Race and Gender Dispari
Page 10 and 11: List of Tables Table 4.5. Services
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Page 16 and 17: List of Tables Table 8.10. Percent
Page 20 and 21: C. Defining the Relevant Markets Ex
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Legal Standards for Government Affi
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B. Preparing the Master Contract/Su
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Defining the Relevant Markets Table
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• Franklin County, OH (Columbus)
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NAICS Industry Group NAICS Descript
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Defining the Relevant Markets In AE
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NAICS Industry Group 8112 5412 5324
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NAICS Industry Group Source: See Ta
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NAICS Industry Group 4233 NAICS Des
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M/WBE Availability in the City of C
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NAICS Industry Group M/WBE Availabi
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Detailed Industry Group Navigationa
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Table 4.24. Detailed M/WBE Availabi
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Detailed Industry Group M/WBE Avail
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Detailed Industry Group General Med
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Detailed Industry Group Machine Sho
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Detailed Industry Group Products Me
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Table 4.28. Detailed DBE Availabili
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Table 4.30. Detailed DBE Availabili
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Market-Based Disparities in Busines
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VI. Statistical Disparities in Capi
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B. Theoretical Framework and Review
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Statistical Disparities in Capital
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D. Qualitative Evidence Statistical
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Table 6.7. Types of Problems Facing
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Table 6.9. Determinants of Loan Den
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Table 6.10. Alternative Models of L
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Table 6.13. Models of Interest Rate
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1. Qualitative Evidence Statistical
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) Prejudice against women. c) Preju
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Table 6.19. Determinants of Loan De
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Table 6.21. Models of Interest Rate
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2. Differences in Loan Denial Rates
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Table 6.26. Determinants of Loan De
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Table 6.28. Models of Credit Card U
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Table 6.31. Determinants of Interes
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B. M/WBE Utilization M/WBE Utilizat
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M/WBE Utilization and Disparity in
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Anecdotal Evidence of Disparities i
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The City of Cleveland’s Cleveland
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Blanchflower, D. G., P. Levine and
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References Fairlie, R. W. (1999),
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References Ladd, H. F. (1998), “E
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References U.S. Census Bureau (2004
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Appendix A. Glossary Demand-side: R
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Appendix A. Glossary NSSBF or SSBF.
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Appendix B. Master M/WBE Directory
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Appendix B. Master M/WBE Directory
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Appendix C. Detailed Utilization, A
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NERA Economic Consulting Barton Cre
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