The State of Minority- and Women- Owned ... - Cleveland.com

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Market-Based Disparities in Business Formation and Business Owner Earnings trillion (column 2). Of these 26.29 million firms, 5.19 million had one or more employees (column 3) and these 5.19 million firms had overall sales and receipts of $10.015 trillion (column 4). Column (5) shows a total of 56.63 million employees on the payroll of these 5.19 million firms and a total annual payroll expense of $1.941 trillion (column 6). The remaining rows in Panel A provide comparable statistics for nonminority male-owned, women-owned, and minority-owned firms. For example, Table 5.13 shows that there were 1.9 million African American-owned firms counted in the SBO, and that these 1.9 million firms registered $135.7 billion in sales and receipts. It also shows that 106,566 of these African American-owned firms had one or more employees, and that they employed a total of 909,552 workers with an annual payroll total of $23.33 billion. Panel A of Table 5.14 provides comparable information for Ohio. The SBO counted 869,343 firms in Ohio, of which 443,907 were nonminority male-owned, 249,180 were female-owned; 52,136 were African American-owned; 9,722 were Hispanic-owned; 18,198 were Asian-owned; and 2,989 were Native American-owned. Panel B in each Table converts the figures in Panel A to percentage distributions within each column. For example, Column (1) in Panel B of Table 5.14 shows that nonminority male-owned firms were 51.06 percent of all firms in Ohio, female-owned firms were 28.66 percent, and African American-owned firms were 6.00 percent. Additionally, 1.12 percent of firms were Hispanic-owned, 2.09 percent were Asian-owned, and 0.34 percent were Native Americanowned. Column (2) in Panel B provides the same percentage distribution for overall sales and receipts. Table 5.14, for example, shows that although nonminority male-owned firms were 51.06 percent of all firms, they accounted for 78.03 percent of all sales and receipts. African American-owned firms, in contrast, were 6.00 percent of all firms in Ohio, but they accounted for only 1.22 percent of all sales and receipts. Similarly, women accounted for 28.66 percent of all firms in Ohio but earned only 10.64 percent of sales and receipts. Similar results are obtained when the survey results are restricted to firms with one or more paid employees. Column (3) in Table 5.14, for example, shows that nonminority male-owned firms accounted for 63.19 percent of all employer firms but earned 79.42 percent of all sales and receipts. African American-owned employer firms accounted for 1.69 percent of all employer firms but only 1.05 percent of all sales and receipts. Women-owned employer firms accounted for 16.16 percent of all employer firms but only 10.12 percent of all sales and receipts. Large disparities between the fraction of firms that are minority- or women-owned and their fraction of sales and receipts in Ohio are observed not only for African Americans and women, but also for Hispanic-owned firms, Asian-owned firms, and Native American-owned firms. The disparity indices are presented in Panel C of each table. Disparity indices of approximately 80 percent or less indicate disparate impact consistent with business discrimination (0 percent being complete disparity and 100 percent being full parity). In Ohio (Table 5.14), the sales and receipts disparity indices (in columns 2 and 4) fall at or beneath the 80 percent threshold in 9 out NERA Economic Consulting 176
Market-Based Disparities in Business Formation and Business Owner Earnings of 10 cases. All of these disparity indices are statistically significant within a 95 percent confidence interval. Table 5.13. Disparity Ratios from the 2007 Survey of Business Owners, United States, All Industries Panel A. Levels Number of Firms Sales and Receipts ($000s) Employer Firms Sales and Receipts ($000s) Employees Payroll ($000s) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) All Firms 26,294,860 10,949,461,874 5,189,968 10,015,142,962 56,626,554 1,940,572,944 Nonminority Male 10,943,636 7,725,275,376 2,753,871 7,255,760,511 37,138,139 1,386,782,737 Female 7,792,115 1,196,608,004 909,661 1,014,366,348 7,520,121 214,673,400 African American 1,921,864 135,739,834 106,566 97,144,898 909,552 23,334,792 Hispanic 2,260,269 350,661,243 248,852 279,920,707 1,908,161 54,295,508 Asian 1,549,559 506,047,751 397,426 453,574,194 2,807,771 79,230,459 Native Hawaiian/Pac. Islander 37,687 6,319,357 4,151 5,250,301 37,801 1,217,138 Am. Indian & Alaska Native 236,691 34,353,842 23,662 27,494,075 185,037 5,930,247 Panel B. Column Percentages All Firms 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% Nonminority Male 41.62% 70.55% 53.06% 72.45% 65.58% 71.46% Female 29.63% 10.93% 17.53% 10.13% 13.28% 11.06% African American 7.31% 1.24% 2.05% 0.97% 1.61% 1.20% Hispanic 8.60% 3.20% 4.79% 2.79% 3.37% 2.80% Asian 5.89% 4.62% 7.66% 4.53% 4.96% 4.08% Native Hawaiian/Pac. Islander 0.14% 0.06% 0.08% 0.05% 0.07% 0.06% Am. Indian & Alaska Native 0.90% 0.31% 0.46% 0.27% 0.33% 0.31% Panel C. Disparity Ratios (2) vs. (1) (4) vs. (3) (5) vs. (3) (6) vs. (3) Nonminority Male 169.52 136.54 123.60 134.68 Female African American Hispanic Asian Native Hawaiian/Pac. Islander Am. Indian & Alaska Native Source: NERA calculations using 2007 SBO. 36.88 16.96 37.26 78.43 40.27 34.86 57.79 75.77 63.12 47.24 78.23 58.56 58.29 70.28 58.35 59.14 64.75 53.32 65.54 83.46 78.42 60.21 71.67 67.03 Notes: (A) Figures are rounded. Rounding was performed subsequent to any mathematical calculations. (B) Excludes publiclyowned, foreign-owned, and not-for-profit firms. (C) “n/a” indicates that data were not disclosed due to confidentiality or other publication restrictions. NERA Economic Consulting 177
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The State of Minority- and Women- O
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About the Project Team NERA Economi
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Notice This report sets forth the i
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Contents C. Race and Gender Dispari
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List of Tables Table 4.5. Services
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List of Tables Table 5.14. Disparit
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List of Tables Table 7.10. M/WBE Ut
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List of Tables Table 8.10. Percent
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List of Tables Table AC.32. Industr
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C. Defining the Relevant Markets Ex
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Table A. Overall Current Availabili
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Executive Summary disparity analysi
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Executive Summary • A greater sha
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Executive Summary Table C. Utilizat
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Contracting Category/ M/WBE Type Ex
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Executive Summary contract performa
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I. Introduction Introduction The Ci
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Legal Standards for Government Affi
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B. Preparing the Master Contract/Su
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Defining the Relevant Markets Table
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• Franklin County, OH (Columbus)
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NAICS Industry Group NAICS Descript
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Defining the Relevant Markets In AE
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NAICS Industry Group 8112 5412 5324
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NAICS Industry Group Source: See Ta
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NAICS Industry Group 4233 NAICS Des
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M/WBE Availability in the City of C
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NAICS Industry Group M/WBE Availabi
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Page 144 and 145: M/WBE Availability in the City of C
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2. Differences in Loan Denial Rates
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Table 6.26. Determinants of Loan De
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Table 6.28. Models of Credit Card U
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Statistical Disparities in Capital
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Table 6.31. Determinants of Interes
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Statistical Disparities in Capital
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B. M/WBE Utilization M/WBE Utilizat
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M/WBE Utilization and Disparity in
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Anecdotal Evidence of Disparities i
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The City of Cleveland’s Cleveland
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Blanchflower, D. G., P. Levine and
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References Fairlie, R. W. (1999),
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References Ladd, H. F. (1998), “E
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References U.S. Census Bureau (2004
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Appendix A. Glossary Demand-side: R
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Appendix A. Glossary NSSBF or SSBF.
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Appendix B. Master M/WBE Directory
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Appendix B. Master M/WBE Directory
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Appendix C. Detailed Utilization, A
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NERA Economic Consulting Barton Cre
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