The State of Minority- and Women- Owned ... - Cleveland.com

Contents
C. Race and Gender Disparities in Business Formation .......................................................163
D. Expected Business Formation Rates—Implications for Current M/WBE Availability ..173
E. Evidence from the Survey of Business Owners ...............................................................175
VI. Statistical Disparities in Capital Markets ...........................................................................182
A. Introduction ......................................................................................................................182
B. Theoretical Framework and Review of the Literature .....................................................184
C. Empirical Framework and Description of the Data .........................................................187
D. Qualitative Evidence ........................................................................................................192
E. Differences in Loan Denial Rates by Race, Ethnicity or Gender ....................................196
F. Differences in Interest Rates Charged on Approved Loans .............................................206
G. Loan Approval Rates and Access to Credit .....................................................................209
H. Analysis of Credit Market Discrimination in the U.S. in 1998 .......................................213
I. Analysis of Credit Market Discrimination in the U.S. in 2003 .......................................223
J. Further Analysis of Credit Market Discrimination: NERA Surveys 1999-2007 .............231
K. Conclusions ......................................................................................................................234
VII. M/WBE Utilization and Disparity in City of Cleveland Contracting Activity .................237
A. Introduction ......................................................................................................................237
B. M/WBE Utilization ..........................................................................................................238
C. Disparity Analysis ............................................................................................................251
D. Current Availability versus Expected Availability ..........................................................263
VIII. Anecdotal Evidence of Disparities in the City of Cleveland’s Market Area ...................266
A. Introduction ......................................................................................................................266
B. Business Experience Surveys ..........................................................................................267
C. Business Owner Interviews ..............................................................................................283
D. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................288
IX. The City of Cleveland’s Cleveland Small Business, Minority Business Enterprise, and
Female Business Enterprise Program: Overview and Feedback Interviews ...................289
A. MBE, FBE, and CSB Program Overview ........................................................................289
B. Business Owner Interviews ..............................................................................................302
C. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................312
References ....................................................................................................................................313
Appendix A. Glossary ...............................................................................................................321
Appendix B. Master M/WBE Directory Sources .....................................................................326
A. Entities with lists of M/WBE firms that were duplicative of previously collected lists ..326
B. Entities that had no directory, or their directory did not identify race and gender ..........326
C. Entities that were unresponsive to repeated contacts .......................................................328
D. Entities that refused to provide the requested information ..............................................328
Appendix C. Detailed Utilization, Availability & Disparity Tables .........................................329
NERA Economic Consulting ii