LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

112 ' B.A.N.Z. ANTARCTIC RESEARCH EXPEDITION
Toninia sect. Eutoninia Th. Fr., Lichenogr. Scand., 1, 330; 1874.
Lecidea sect. Z'oninia Tuck., Syn. N. Amer. Licb., 2, 61 ; 1888.
LecicEea subg. Toninia Vainio, Etude Lich. BrBsil, 2, 9 ; 1890.
Type: Lecidea cinereo-virews Schaer., L. squalida Ach. and Toninia fallasca Rlass. were
included in the original description. All three are still retained in the subgenus Ezitoninia.
Thallus crustose, squamulose, effigurate or with lobate margins, without rhizinae; cortex
amorphous or a palisade of thicli-walleil septate vertical hyphae; algae protococcoid. Apothecia
sessile, parathecium coloured or dark of radiating gelified hyphae which may become carboilaceoils ;
paraphyses clavate to capitate at the tips; asci thin-walled, %spored; ascospores long ellipsoidal
to linear, 4-many-celled, thin-walled. Spermogonia spherical to pyriform, spermatia acicular,
cnrved.
TONINIA KER.GUELENSIS Dodge, sp. nov.
? Lecidca assimi!ata Nyl. in Croinbie, Jonr. Liiin. Soc. Bot., 15, 187; 1876: Jour. Bot. Brit. For.,
15, 104 ; 1877 : Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. [London], 168,50 ; 1879 : Rept. Sci. Results Voy. "Chal-
lenger" Bot., 1, 2, 237; 1885 lion aliis locis.
Z Patellaria flavovivescens Miil1.-Arg., Bot. Jahrb. [Engler], 3, 56 ; 1883.
Type : Kerguelen, Greenland Harbour, H.A.N.Z.A.R.E. B177.
Thallus verrucose-areolatus vel subsquamulosus, marginibus effiguratis sed no11 lobatis;
albidus vel olivaceus, ferro tintus ; cortex amorphus ; algae protococcoideae 4-5p diametro.
Apothecia circiter 0.4 mm. diametro, solitaria vel caespitostr confluentiaque, nigra, marginibus
tenuibus subelevatis, disco plano dein coiivexo, nigro; parathecium carbonaceurn, 55p crassit~idine
ad marginem aut 75p crassitudine sub hypothecio; hypothecium circiter 15,~ crassitudine,
hyphis brnnneis subverticalibus non belie distinctum ; thecium 50-55p altitudine ; paraphyses
tenues, simplices, apicibus claratis terminali cum cellula obscure brunnea sphaerica 4p diametro ;
asci clavati, leptodermei, 50 X 7p; ascosporae aciculares, apicibus rotundatis, 1-heptatae, hyalinae,
8-12 X 34p.
Thallus verrucose areolate to subsquamulose, margin effigurate but not clearly lobed ; whitish
to olivaceous, becoming stained with iron; cortex amorphous; algae protococcoid, cells 4-5p in
diameter. Apothecia about 0.4 mm. in diameter, solitary or crowded and confluent, black, margin
s!ightly elevated, thin, disc plane becoming convex, blacli ; parathecium becoming carbonaceous,
5!5p thick at the margin, about 75p thick below the hypotheeium, sometimes proloilged downwnril
iii the centre, covered by a thin layer of thalline cortex and an occasional algal cell in a layer about
15;~ thiclr, but not a clearly developed anipithecium ; hypothecium about 15p thiclr, of more or less
vertical, brownish hyphae, not clearly differentiated; thecium 50-55p tall; psraphyses slender,
unbranched, tips with a clavate cell, cutting off a thick-walled dark brown spherical cell about 4p
in diameter; asci clavate, thin-walled, 50 X 7r ; ascospores acicular, cuds ronncled, 2-4-relled,
hyaline, 8-12 X 34,~.
This species has proved very difficult to study. Rock crystals have prevented cutting good
sections of the thallus; the ascospores are mostly 2-celled while still in the ascus, but a few floating
free seem to be 4.-celled. The presence of a poorly developed amphithecium might warrant its
reference to Lecania. We have cited Lecidea assimilata as a possible synonym as Nylander's
original description based on Scandinavian plants agrees with our plants fairly well except for
spores being unicellular. Crombie's reference to Kerguelen material was based on Lecidea
aromatics Hoolr. f. & Tayl., London Jour. Bot., 3, 636; 1844, from Christmas Harbour. No
material under this name was found in the Taylor herbarium, but a specimen in Tuckerman's