LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

150 B.A.N.Z. ANTARCTIC HESEAItCH EXPEDITlON
30p thick, fastigiate, hyphae 5-6p in diameter, lumen abont lp, cutting off brown, isodianletric cells
above (brown layer 10-15p thiclr) ; algal layer about 30p thick, of scattered, protococcoid cells up
to 8p in diameter or in small colonies; medulla very variable in thickness, very loosely woven, of
hyaline hyphae, 6-7p, lnmen lp in diameter, the lower 15-25p of periclinal hyphae 3-Sp in dia-
meter, very compact ; lower cortex fastigiate, brown, about 18p thick, of hyphae 5-6p in diameter,
cutting off isodiametric to slightly ellipsoidal cells. Apothecia and spermogoilia not seen.
On rocks with Lecanora Johnstoni, Alectoria, congesta, Buellia dendritica and Rinodilla
f rigida.
King George V Land: Cape Denison, J. G. IIuiiter A.A.E. 70, also A.A.E. 90-1,104-2,147,148,
1,054 ; B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. 536-26, 536-26, 536-27, 536-28 ; Madigan Nnnatalr ca. 2,400 f t., 30 miles
east of Winter Quarters C. F. Laseron A. A. E. 254,41-2.
Queen Mary Land : Possession Nunatalr, C. T. Harrisson, A.A.E. 60 ; Hippo Nunatak, A.A.E.
65-2.
CHARCOTIA Hue.
Charcotia Hue, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 62, 16; 1915: 2me Exp. Antarct. Frang. Lich, 185; 1915.
Type : Unzbilicaria rufidula Hue.
Thallus foliose, mono- or polyphyllous, attached by a central hapteron, heteromerous, underside
smooth or rhizinose; upper cortex fastigiate, often appearing pseudoparenchymatous, covered by
an amorphous layer of dead cells ; algae protococcoid ; medulla of coarse, thick-walled hyphae ;
lower cortex similar to the upper cortex. Apothecia lecanorine, disc smooth or slightly rongh, not
gyrose plicate ; asci 8-spored ; ascospores 2-celled, hyaline. Spermogonia immersed, with dark
brown wall; spermatiophores septate, moniliform; spermatia short, cylindric.
The interpretation cf the morphology of the apothecium is difficult. The amphithecial cortex
and medulla are continuous with those of the thallns. A few algal cells are found under the
apothecial cortex but apparently soon die out. The parathecium is thick and dark brown below,
thinning toward the margin, where it merges with the amphithecial cortex. This may be interpreted
as a lecanoriile apothecium. On the other hand, one may consider it to be a leddeiile
apothecinm immersed in a thalline wart, as sometimes two or more such apothecia coalesce, separated
only by the very thin parathecia, and are immersed in the same thalline wart. In other cases, the
several abothecia seem to be proliferations from the disintegrating thecium of an original single
apothecium. We face the same problem in some of the Kerguekn species of Aspicilia and in
Rinodina.
Lamb in litt. interprets the type species, C. rz~fiduk,, as having a lecideine apotheci~nn and
suggets that it is a parasitic Xcutula on Tlntbilica~ia antalrctica Frey &Lamb. Such an explanation
does not account for the pecnliar spermogonia with septate, moniliform spermatiophores
present on the thallus of C. rufidula, which are certainly not those of an Untbilicar;~. In our
material, the apothecia are always submarginal, not erratically distributed as one would expect in
a parasite, nor is there any suggestion of parasitism. Apothecia have been found on nearly all
the large thalli.
CHARCOTIA CEREBRIFORMIS (Dodge & Baker) Dodge, comb. nov.
Um.bilicaria cerebrifornlis Dodge & Balrer, Ann. Mo. Bot. Card., 25, 562; 1938.
Type : Marie Byrd Land, Edsel Ford Range, Skua Gull Peak, P. Siple & S. Corey 72W-15.
Thallus monophyllous, 34 cm. in diameter, surface rugose-reticulate to cerebriform, minutely
areolate elevated, with rounded, shallow lobes, very fragile, hence margins appearing somewhat