LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

DODGE--LICHENS AND LICHEN PARASITES 129
Apothecia not fully developed, confluent in lines along the margin of the cup, 0.1--0.13 mm. in
diameter ; amphithecium and parathecium not developed ; hypothecium cuneate, about 70-75r, tall,
not clearly differentiated from the thecium which is about 35p tall ; paraphyses slender, tips slightly
clavate, cutting off spherical cells about 34r, in diameter ; asci and ascospores not seen.
Spermogonia not seen in the type. Structures which resemble them in appearance have proved
to be the perithecia of a parasite, DidynzeUa Clafiae.
No. 531 seems to be a much older state, up to 5 mm. tall, main axis up to 2 mm. in diameter,
below blackened and decaying, nearly denuded of squamules, the lower cups almost obliterated by
proliferation from theyargin as well, so that the branching appears almost polytomous with some
of the squamules from tl;'e margin of the cup and sides of the podetia growing out, 2 X 1 mm.,
palmately divided and bearing the early stages of new podetia from their upper surface. Some
of the smaller proliferations appear subul6 but a careful examination shows them to be very
minutely scyphiferous before the cup has begun to expand. Spermogonia on short stipes, about 75/*
tall, from the upper surface of the sqnamules which are beginning to function as new primary thalli,
broadly conic, about 300p in diameter and 20OP tall, with a small, depressed ostiole, dark brown to
black ; spermatiophores 15-20p long, branched, bases ventricose, tips acuminate ; spermatia curved,
ends pointed, 7-8 X 0 - 5p.
No. 540a seems to be very young and very old material ; 531a consists of very old podetia which
seem to belong here, but no proliferation from cups has been seen, or it may be referable to some
state of C. fimbriata var. Bdfourii group, as a few branches seem to be truly subulate.
Macquarie Island : Highland, Sta. 81c, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. B534-4, type ; Featherbed Flat,
R.A.N.Z.A.R.E. B531-12, B531-13, B531-14, B531-15, B531-16.
CLAD~NIA SARMEN~OSA (Taylor) Dodge, comb. nov.
Cenomyce sqmentosa Taylor in Hook. f. & Taylor, London Jour. Bot., 3, 651 : 1844.
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Cenomyce ;cmocym v. graci!is Hook. f. & Taylor, Cryptog. Antarct., 85; 1845.
Cladonia scabriuscwla Nyl., C. R. Acad. Sci., 83, 88; 1876 non Del. in Duby, Bot. Gall., 2, 623;
1830.
? Cladonia cornuia f. gracilentior Nyl., C. R. Acad. Sci., 83, 88 ; 1876.
?,Cladonia chordalis f. soredians Nyl., Lich. Nov. Zeland., 18; 1888.
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:' ):
d'ladonia gracilis var. Ca.mpbelliuna Vainio, Acta Soc. Fauna-F1. Fenn., 10, 113; 1894. [Monog.
Cladoniarum Univ. 2.1
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Type : Lord Auclrland's group, among mosses on dry ground on the hills,. J. D. Hoolrer 1576
[fertile], 1569 [sterile] (Voy. "Erebus & Terror") in Taylor Herb. at Harvard TJniv.
C. gracilis var. Campbelliana (C. scabriwczda Nyl. non Del.) and C. cornuta var. gradentior
were based on collections from Campbell Island, Filhol C. chordalis var. soredians was based on
collections from New Zealand, Helms 157.
Primary thallus 2-3 mm. in diameter, ma-gins crenate to lacerate ~orediose, often parasi-
tized and soon evanescent*; cortex 35r, thick, fastigiate, soon gelified; algal layer 35p thick,
protococcoid cells mostly single, 7-8p in diameter ; medulla about 15OP thiclr, of loosely woven,
thick-walled, hyaline hyphae 4-5/* in diameter, some of those on the lower side becoming brownisli
*The "thallo foliaceo palmato-adscendente" of the orginal description applies to podetial squamules at
thc base of the living portion of the podetia at the top of th6 mosses, while the dead portion may be traced for
some distance (about 2 cm.) below these rather large squamdles.
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