LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

126 B.A.N.Z. ANTARCTIC RESEARCH EXPEDITION
leaving the chondroid axis bare, but not truly sorediose, pale olive buff to white ; promptly yellow
then slowly fuscescent with KOH ; verrucae and medulla P bright yellow to orange, tips of a few
verrucae miniate red; cortex 20p thick, fastigiate, highly gelified; algal layer about 75,~ thick,
nearly continuous at first, then rounding up into groups of small colonies as the verrucae form
by unequal growth, protococcoid, cells 8-lop in diameter, somewhat angular from mutual pressure;
medulla 20-25p thick of longitudinal, thick-walled hyphae, similar to those of the chondroid
,axis but less conglutinate and more deeply staining; chondroid axis 150p thick, of thickwalled,
conglutinate, longitudinal hyphae, about 4p in diameter.
Apothecia maroon or darker, 0.1 mm. in diameter or confluent in lines about the margin of
the shallow cup, very convex, amphithecium and parathecium not developed ; hypothecium about
100p tall, of slender, vertical hyphae, passing into paraphyses, asci not yet developed ; paraphyses
unbranched, tips not inflated nor cutting off cells.
Spermogonia ovoid to subcylindric on tips of acuminate podetia, not constricted at the base,
spermatiophores dichotomous at the base, slightly ventricose, about 15p long and 1-5p in greatest
diameter; spermatia 5-6 X 0.5p, cylindrical, slightly curved.
The above description of the primary thallus is taken from the original description and
Vainio's notes, evidently from the duplicate at Kew, as I have been unable to find the primary
thallus in the specimen in Taylor's herbarium, unless a larger basal squamule or a crushed podetium
has been mistaken for the primary thallus.
Nylander, Syn. Meth. Lich., 224 ; 1860 and C. R. Acad. Sci., 83, 88 ; 1876, was probably right
in referring this species to the Cocciferae, as the paraphyses and spermogonia suggest that group
rather than Cladonia pyzidata, where it was later referred by Taylor, or C. sqzaamosa, where it
was referred by Miiller-Argau, Flora, 71, 18; 1888. Vainio, Monog. Clad., 1, 509 ; 1887, first
recognized it as a species related to C. plezbrophylla or perhaps C. pityrophylla Nyl. Later, Monog.
Clad., 2, 461; 1894, he referred it to C. szrbsqwlmosa. In habit and microscopic structure it is
close to C. acuta (Taylor) Hue, in which I have been unable to find apothecia. Both resemble some
species of Stereocadon in habit, but are clearly not that genus on closer examination. C. acuta is
more easily denuded of verrucae and fails to react with KOH. Certainly C. rigida., and perhaps
C. aczbtu are related to C. .rzbbdigitata.
CLADONIA ACUTA (Taylor) Hue.
Cladon& acuta (Taylor) Hue, Lich. Exot., 43 ; 1892.
Canomyce aczlta Taylor, London Jour. Bot., 6, 1847; Nylander, Syn. Meth. Lich., 196; 1858.
Cladonia squamosa var. acuta Miil1.-Arg., Flora, 71, 19 ; 1888.
Type : Idznds of the Pacific, IIooker Herb. in Taylor Herb. at Farlow Herbaripm, Harvard
University.
Primary thallus not seen. Podetia in dense tufts, at least 4 cm. in diameter, proliferating abore
and dying at the base, 2 cm. tall and 1 mm. in diameter; branching occasionally dichotomous below,
polychotomous above, or irregular, branches mostly inflated above the axil, then tapering gradually
to a blunt point (acute if tipped by a spei-mogonium), axils imperforate (occasional circular holes
occur on the sides of the podetia which seem to result from a broken branch which has been partly
concealed by the growth of the nearby verrucae), cartilaginous and pellucid where decorticate,
especially below, above covered with pnlvinate verrucae and isidiose squamules (resembling the
phyllocladia of Stereocazbhz) , tips densely covered with spinulose isidia, then completely denuded ;
tawny olive to cinnamoil buff, ICOH-; axis P-, verrncae P slowly orange becoming felsrnginons;