LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

2 LO B.A.N.Z. ANTARCTIC RESEARCH EXPEDITION
of the awospores are ejected). In such sections, colonies of a small-celled Trentepohh are found
at the outer surface. Hence it seems probable that these small cells are aplanospores (transformed
zoospores on account of the high viscosity of the gel in which they are liberated) which make thcir
way to the surface of the thallus and start small colonies which serve to disseminate the alga apart
from the fungus. In the sterile TI. hereroensis and U. mossamedana, Vainio reported the algae as
Trenteplwlia and assigned them to RwceUa. Darbishire, Ann. Crypt. Exot., 5, 160-166. pl. 4;
1932, after a study of the types, concluded that the algae were probably Protococcus, although his
figures of "autospores" (pl. 4, figs. 9, 10) are strikingly similar to the aplanospores of Trente-
pohlia figured by Meyer (Bot. Zeitung, 67, pl. 2, figs. 4447; 1909). The protoplast seems to be
cup-shaped or perhaps a single wide parietal band, thus differing from that usual in Trentepohlia.,
so that our alga may represent a new genus of the Trentepohliaceae. The yellow-orange pigment
and branching, filamentous structure are very characteristic of the Trentepohliaceae.
Surface of chondroid axis lacerate, the algae penetrating the lacunae, colour yellow to orange,
tips blackened as in subgenus Neuropogon.
Fertile, branches relatively few and erect . . . . . . . . U. Taylori
Sorediose, densely branched and spreading
Soralia round, slightly elevated, large, plane to somewhat eroded . U. insdaris
Soralia minute on tips of abundant elevated warts . . . . U. Crombii
Surface of chondroid axis not lacerate ; sorediose
Surface tuberculate; cortex 90.w thick, fertile with large apothecia . . U. floriformis
Surface smooth; cortex 2OP; soredia germinating in situ as propagula . . U. propagulifera
USNEA TAYLORI Hook. f.
Usnea TayLori Hook f., London Jour. Bot., 3,657 ; 1884: Cryptog. Antarct., 215,1845 : F1. Antarct.,
2, 521 ; pl. 195, 1847 : Miill.-Arg., Bot. Jahrb. [Engler] , 3, 54 ; 1883 : Reinke, Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.
[Pringsheim] ,28, 396 ; fig. 116, 117 iii, 1895 : Wilson, MBm. Herb. Boissier, 18, 87 ; 1900 :
Zahlbr. in Schenck, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsche Tiefsee Exp., 2, 1, 37; 1905 : Du Rietz, Svensk.
Bot. Tidskr., 20,91; 1926 : Bouly detesdain, Ann. Crypt. Exot., 4, 101 ; 1931 : Motyka, Lich.
Gen. Usnea Stud. Monog., 1,26 ; 1936.
Neuropogon Taylori Nyl., Syn. Meth. Lich., 1, 273 ; 1860 : Crombie, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot., 15, 183 ;
1876 : Jour. Bot. Brit. For., 15, 103 ; 1877 : Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. [London], 168, 48 ; 1879 :
Rept. Sci. Results Voy. "Challenger" Bot., 1 2, 233; 1885: Zukal, Sitzungsber. Math. Naturw.
Cl., K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Abt. I, 104, 45; pl. 1, fig. 3; 1895: Lamb, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot., 52,
214; 1939.
Type : Kerguelen, Christmas Harbour, J. D. Hooker (Voy. "Erebus & Terror") in Taylor
Herb., cotypes widely distributed.
Several plants arising from a common base, 8-10 cm. tall, erect, sparingly dichotomous!y
branched below, more frequently above, primary branches 1.4-3.5 mm. in diameter, slightly
attenuate below, expanding into a common hapteron; surface dull, cinnamon buff to pinkish buff,
darkening to tawny olive in old plants and finally black, maculote with ivory yellow to colonial buff
(suggesting soredia but not so, even in blackened, moribund plants) ; upper branches shining, black
maculate but not annulate, with primrose yellow, slender tips, short and obtuse ; eramulose ; cortex
sometimes enbannularly cracked but never annulate [a single plant shows verruculose pseudo-
cyphelloid cortex with some verrucae elongate on the upper part of the apothecial branches, and
the apothecia have similar verrucae on the lower side], not black punctuate [as Motyka states for