LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

DODGE-LICHENS AND LICHEN PARASITES 137
treated in Lichina. Meanwhile Hoffmann (1796) recognized nine species of Sterewwlon, his section
Globifera now Sphaerophorw and his Tubermlora including two species of Pertusaria, one Lichina
and one Parmeliella with three species now recognized as belonging to Sioreoca.ulon, S. quisquilare,
8. condensatum and 8. pmchale. As S. quisquilare is sterile and sometimes reduced to synonymy,
it should be rejected in selecting a type. Either 8. condensaturn or S. paschale would conserve the
genus in the sense it has been used since Acharius, 1803. Since Acharius treats S. pmchale and
includes S. conde~atum in his doubtful species, I have chosen to regard S. paschale as the type.
Primary thallus almost cruutose, granular, verrucose or squamose, usually evanescent ; podetia
erect, usually branched, corticate or often more or less completely decorticate, covered with verrucae
or with phyllocladia, simple or branched, usually terete and corticate; medulla loosely woven, containing
colonies of protococcoid algae ; chondroid axis of thick-walled longitudinal hyphae ; usually
with characteristic cephalodia formed by Stigonma, Scytonew or Chroococcus. Apothecia
brown to black, lecideine, very rarely truly lecanorine, hypothecium usually hyaline, paraphyses
simple ; asci clavate to cylindric, 8-spored ; ascospores hyal.ine, long fusiform, to acicular, 4-severalcelled,
cells thin-walled, cylindric. Spermogonia terminal or lateral, immersed, ovoid to sphericai,
darkened about the ostiole ; spermatia filiform to cylindric, straight or curved.
STER~CAUIAIN LEPTALEUM Nyl.
Stereocaulon leptaleunt Nylander, Syn. M'eth. Lich., 1,251 ; 1860.
Type: Tasmania, ex Hb. Hooker, in Mus. Fan., 39,978.
Primary thallw granular, evanescent, poktia up to 1.0 cm. tall, base 0.25 mm. in diameter,
dying below, sparingly branched in the upper half, terete or somewhat flattened, tips of branches
granulate sorediate; decorticate with algae confined to the sorediate areas, cells up to llP in
diameter; chondroid axiq of densely woven hyphae about 4p in diameter ; cephalodia brownish
pruinose, stipitnte, cerebriform to botryose, 1-1.5 mm. in diameter with filaments of Stigonenla.
[Spermogonia terminal, black, spermatia straight or nearly so, 6-8 X 0.5p, fide Nylander. j
This species seems closely related to S. corticatulum Nyl. and S. detergens (Miill.-Arg.) Nyl.
but it is more slender, less branched and with large, conspicuous cephalodia. Collections from New
Zealand, Otago and Dunedin occur on micaceous rocks, while S. cortica.tulum grows among mosses.
In these specimens the lower portion of the thallus is imbedded in gjoil. A specimen from
Rangitoto, Auckland, on lava bloclrs, H. H. Allan, is still smaller with the lower portion of the
podetia creeping in the interstices, almost like rhizomorphs. Our Macquarie Island material is grow-
ing on a fragment of a greenish rock and is in rather poor condition, but seems to belong here
rather than in S. un-ticatzclum.
Macquarie Island, Highlands, 3rd December. 1930, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. 534-7.
STEREOCAULON CORTICATULUM Nyl.
Stereocau!on cvrtim.tzdunt Nyl., Flora, 61, 117 ; 1858.
Type : New Zealand, Colenso 5,144 in Mus. Fenn., co-type in Kew.
Primary thallus granular, evanescent; podetia 0-7-1.0 cm. tall, base up to 2 mm. in diameter,
3 mm. tall then repeatedly dichotomously branched and more or less compressed; forming a tuft of
branches, the fertile ones slender, about 0.5 mm. in diameter, the sterile somewhat thicker; cortex
more or less rimulose and verrucose, soon flaking off carrying most of the algal layer with it, the
few algal cells remaining proliferating to form the granular soredia, apparently fastigiate but
not clearly seen; algal layer thin, composed of scattered small colonies of Protococcus entangled in