LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

CI B.A.S.Z. ANTARCTlC RESEARCH EXPEDITION
from the literatnre available, Pygntoea has priority over Lichina which has beell in nse in recellt
years. The lichen Pygntaen certainly has pr:ority over Pygntaen IIoolr. f. (Pygnteo J. Ruch.)
in the Scrophdlariaceae. Thanl?iitlizcnt Tuclr. was based on Lichina ronfinis v. TVilleyi Tnck.
Thallus dwarf fruticose, ~.epeatedly branched, branches rouuld or flattened ; cortex a$pearing
somewhat pseudoparenchymatons; algae Gnlothriz, filaments zig-zag, twisted or straight parallel
to the long axis of the thallus; mednlla of longitudinal, thin-walled, septate hyphae. Apothecia
often terminal in a branch or gronped, immersed in the thallns and nearly circnlar in crow sectioi;
with a narrow, round or irregularly tori1 ostiole ; lecanorine with a thin hyaline parathecium ;
thecium gelified ; paraphyses filiform, eseptate, sparingly branched ; asci almost cylindric, thin-
walled, $-spored; ascospores hyaline, ellipsoidal, thin-uralled, uni- or bi-seriate, unicellular.
Spermogonia immersed, single or grouped near the apothecia, almost spherical with hyaline wall,
venter labyrinthiform ; spermatiophores slender, spermatia long.
LIOHINA ANTARCTICA Crombie.
Licltina antarctica Crombie, Jonr. Eot. Brit. For., 14, 21 ; 1876. Jour. Linn. Soe. Bol., 15, 181 ;
1876. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. [London], 168, 47; 1879. Rept. Sci. Results Voy. "Challenger"
Bot., 1, 2, 232 ; 1885.
Pygmaea a-ntarctica Zahlbr., IIedwigia, 31, 37; 1892.
Type: Kerguelen, Observatory Bay, on dry roclts near the sea; Swain's Bay, A. E. Eaton
(Venus Transit Exp.).
"At first sight not unlilre some small state of I,. confinis [2 mm. high or less]. Apothecia and
spermogones enclosed in subglobose, crowded, fastigiate cla\'uli ; spores ellipsoid [14-16 X 7-gr*] ;
spermatia oblong [3 X lP]."
Thallus prostrate or erect, filaments 18-12p in diameter, straight or curved with irregular?
slight constrictions, corticate with a single layer of coarse, septate dark greenish blaclr, thiclrwalled
hyphae, 4p in diameter, which often grow out as single branched filaments to serve as organs
of attachment. Apothecia snbspherical on tips of short, lateral branches about 75p in diameter,
corticate with more or less isodiametric cells; paraphyses slender, more or less discrete, few; asci
33 X 8p, tip not thickened, $-spored, cylindric-clavate ; ascospores submonostichons (immature in
our material).
At first sight, the appearance is suggestive of a minute Antarctic member of the Alectoria
pzibescens (L.) Howe group, but the algae are Myxophyceae and the apothecia quite distinct. The
thallus is much more fragile urheil dry, breaking cleanly at the slight constrictions, and the apthecia
easily breaking loose aail floating free.
Growing with Psoroma. lanuginosa, Stigonema and other Myxophyceae over sn~all, clead
mosses.
Kerguelen : Royal Sound, Robert Hall (Nat . Herb. 3Telbonrne Pfit. Card.)
Biphztlastrunt Miill.-Arg., Flora, 72, 143 ; 1889.
SPIIULASTRUM Miill-Arg.
Type species : 8. triste Miill.-Arg.
Thallus erect, dendroid, branches more or less compressed, corticate on all sides; central
cells loose with air spaces, peripheral cells dense, irregular, not longitudinal: algae blne-green
then olivaceous, in short chains, varionsly curved, here and there tnansversely not longitudinally
divided. Apothecia unknown.
Since no material has been available for comparison, I have hesitated to refer our material
to this genus, bnt it seems related. The above description is translated from Miiller-hrgau.