50 B.A.N;Z. ANTARCTIC! RESEARCli EXPEDITION PORINA Ach. Porina Ach. emend. M'ul1.-Arg., Flora, 66, 320; 1883. Pori?zci Ach., Syn. Lich. 109; 1814 (pro parte minore, non Ach., K. Vetenslr. Akad. Nya Handl., 158 ; 1809. Lichmogr. TJniv., 60, 308 ; 1810. I~uylren, Telltamen I-Iist. Lich., 88 ; 1809). Porophora Zenlr. i11 Goebel and IZui~ze, Pharmazent. Waarenknnde, 1,180 ; 1827-9, non Porophora Meyer, Nebenstudien, 326; 1825. Sprengel, Syst. Veg., 4, 1, 237; 1827. Sperntatodium Trevis., Conspect. Verrnc., 10; 1860. Fke, Snppl. Essai Crypt. Ecorc. Officin., 49 ; 1837, nom. nud. Dichoporis Clements, Gen. Fm~g., 40; 1909. Diporina Clements, Gen. F~ung., 40; 1909. . See also synonymy of sections. \ Type: Porina nucula Ach. This genns should be added to the list of nonzina gmerica con- servanda, since the case is very similar to that of Verrucaria. Acharius based his name on Lichen pertusus L. and added P. leioplaca and P. chionea. DeCandolle had already made L. pertuszcs L. the type of his genns Pertusaria in 1805. P. leioplaca belongs in Pertusaria and P. chionea is now referred to Lecanora cinerea. Hence the first use of the name clearly falls into synonymy with Pertusaria. Other species were added in 1810 but it was not until Acharius added P. nzbczcla in 1814 that it contained a single pyrenocarp. During first half of the nineteenth century the genns was poorly defined, but gradnally the older species were transferred to Pertusaria and the newer species show a closer relationship to Porina in the modern usage. Strictly speaking, Porina Ach. is invalid according to Art. 61 of the International Rules of Nomenclature. However it has had such wide usage since Muller-Argau's emendation in 1883 that it is a proper candidate for a nonten genericum cowservandum. While the sectional names Segestria and Sa.gedia are also available as early generic names, the same problem arises in the case of Sagedia (see p. 51). Bpermatodium Trev. was based on 83 species and varieties belonging to quite discordant elements and no type designated. Thirty are now placed in Porina. Dkhoporis Clements was based on Porinu schizospma Vainio, usnally placed in the section Sngedia. Dipminu Clements was based on Porina subsimplicans Nyl., also in the section Sagedia. Thallns crustose, uniform, epi- or endophloedal, rarely epilithic, ecorticate, with Trentepohlia algae. Apothecia simple, sessile, scattered, with light or dark hemispheric or spherical walls and central ostiole ; paraphyses simple, rarely forlred near the tip, free ; asci 6-8-spored ; ascospores fnsiform to acicular, 2 or more celled with cylindrical cells, hyaline. Spermogonia small, spherical ; spermatiophores simple or somewhat branched; spermatia straight, long, fusiform to filiform. Stylospores 2-4-celled. Seyestria Fr., Syst. Orb. Veg., 1, 263; 1825. Sect. SEQESTRIA. Sphatrontphale Reichenb., Conspect. Regn. Veg., 1, 20; 1828. Segestrella Fr., Lichenogr. Eur., Ref. 460; 1831. Porina sect. Segestrella Mull.-Srg., Flora, 66, 322; 1883. Porina sect. Segest~.ia Vainio, Btude Lich., Brksil, 2, 220 ; 1890. Swedia sect. Segestrk Jatta, F1. Ital. Cryptog., 3,890 ; 1911. Type : Segestria Fr. was h.ed on S. 1ect.issima Fr. Segestrella Fr. was substitnted for Segestria by Fries without comment. Sphaerompha!e Reichenb. was based on Segestria Fr. non zoologorum,
DODGE-<strong><strong>LICHEN</strong>S</strong> <strong>AND</strong> <strong>LICHEN</strong> PA~ASITES 51 all invalid reason for changing the name. Segestria is available for Purim in case an Inter- llatiollal Congress rejects the latter as a nomen genericurn conserz~ondzrm since it contain Porina qlucula, Ach., the type of the latter i11 Miiller-Argau's emended sense. Apothecia nlostly immersed in the thallus, wall either light below and (lark above or wholly dark. PORINA INSUETA (Nyl.) Muller-Argau Porina instbeta (Nyl.) Mull.-Arg., Rev. Myc., 6, 20; 1884. Zahlbr., Deutsclle Siidpolar Exp., 8, 51; 1906. Verrzuaria, iqlszbeta Nyl. in Cron~bie, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot., 15, 192 ; 1877. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. ' [London], 168, 52; 1879. Rept.,Sci. Results Voy. "Challenger" Bot., 1,2, 241; 1885. Type : Kerguelen, Swain's Bay, A. E. Eaton (Venus Transit Esp.), also reported from Volage Bay, A. E. Eaton. Thallus 110-120p thick, white or stained ochraceous, rimulose areolate, areoles slightly convex, I