LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

136 B.A.N.Z. ANTARCTIC RESEARCH EXPEDITION
Podetia cylindrical at first, wholly scyphiferous, cup not dilated, bottom moderately concave,
margin smooth and slightly brownish ; then dilating gradually upward, pellucid, areolate corticate,
rapidly passing into farinose sorediose above; then the cup dilates rapidly above, becoming about
20 mm. tall, cups up to 12 mm. broad, occasionally proliferating from the margins of the cup, or
more commonly from the side of the old podetjum, and wholly farinose sorediose; cortex absent,
algal layer breaking up into spherical colonies, 20-35p in diameter, corticated by one or two layers
of fungal hyphae and breaking away as soredia, leaving a few loosely woven, medullary hyphae;
chondroid axis 110-150~ thiclr, of densely woven, thick-walled, conglutinate hyphae.
Apothecia immature, about 0-2 mm. in diameter, sessile in the margin of the cup, very coilvex ;
parathecium not devkloped; hypothecium obconic, about 120p tall, of vertieal hyphae radiating
from what appears to be the remains of an old spermogonium, of slender, thin-walled, slightly
brownish hyphae which are continued above as paraphyses with broad elavate tips, cutting off
thick-walled, subspherical cells about 4~ in diameter ; forming a dark brown epithecium about 15,~
thick ; asci not developed.
In the case of the apparent proliferatioil from the sides of the podetia, it is not clear whether
the podetia arise from a soredium developing in situ, or by true proliferation, as the base consists
of a contorted squamule with several other, subascendant, almost isidioid squamules nearly
contiguous with that bearing the podetium.
Our plants seem to belong in the species, or group of species from the southern hemisphere,
related to ClaclolLia jimbriata and C. pityrea;. Fortunately the cofiection is abundant, with many
different stages of development. If one had only the young podetia, it might be referred to
C. pyzkiata v. pocillum, in spite of the thinner cortex and pellucid wall of the podetium where
it is visible between the areolae. If one has an old, somewhat lacerate podetium, proliferating,
with squamules about the base of the proliferation, it might be referred to C. squu.mosa as understood
by Miiller-Argau. If one has a long, slender podetium before the cup begins to expand, it
might be considered C. acuminata in the sense of Crombie. Certain broadly expanded podetia
before they have proliferated might be taken for C. ji?abria,ta var. cho~droidea Vainio. It may
be related to C. ccdspersa Mont. & v. d. Bosch, of which I have seen no authentic material.
Kerguelen : Long Island, Royal Sound, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. B168-1, B169-1 (535).
STER~CAUMN ( Schreber 1 Hoffmann.
Stcreocaulm (Schreber) Hoffmann, Deutschl. Fl., 128; 1796 non Schrader, Spicil. Flor. Germ., 1,
113 ; 1794.
Lichen. sect. Stereocadon Schreber in Linn6, Gen, P1. ed., 8, 2, 768 ; 1791 ; Acharius, K. Vetenslr
Akad. Nya Handl., 1794,258 ; 1794.
Type species: S. pawhale (L.) Hoffm. The early nomenclature of this genus is confusecl.
Proposed by Schreber as a subgenus without citing any species belonging to it, it was first uscd
by Schrader for S. corallinum (Gmel.) Schrader, a species now considered as belonging in Pertusaria.
Since this use antedates Pertusaria, to adopt it would invalidate that name which has been
in general use for more than a eentury and one would have to use Ccwalloides [Dillenius] Hoffmann,
Descr. ~dumbr. P1. Lich., 1,23; 1789, for the group now known as Stereocaulon. Acharius
(1794) included a species (and its variety) of Sphaerophorus, "Lichen. paschalis, L. ramulosus
Swartz, etc." in his Stereocau!ole but nowhere malres formal combinations. In his Lichenographia
Suecicae Prodomus, 208-209; 1798, he treats the group as a subgenus of Lichen but excludes
Sphaerophorus and treats three species acd three doutbful ones. One of his three species is now