LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

DODGE-LICHENS AND LICHEN PARASITE6 227
to black, about 20p thiclr, a pseudoparenchyma from thick-walled, periclinal hyphae ; cortex absent
over the algal layer; algal layer very variable, of discrete .colonies perpendicular to the surface,
often reaching the surface of the t'hallus or apothecium, at other times as niuch as 35p below the
surface, consisting of cavities filled with a very loose network of medu1l;lry hyphac filler1 with
rapidly proliferatiiig algal cells 5-6p in diameter, with occasional resting cells 11p to 1.4-l5p in
diameter, more densely packed at the periphery of the cavity which is quitr variable i11 shape ancl
size; medulla of closely woven, conglutinate hyphae 2-3p in diameter, tlie outel- 1% yellow from
abundant, minute crystals in the gel.
Apothecia constricted belo\il. 1-2 mm. in diareter, disc slightly collcave at first, tl~eil plane, cadmium
orange, often centrally papillate and finally- gyrorr plicate, as tlie parnthecial tissue
pushes up through the old thecium ; aniphitheciuni absent ; parathecinni elevated, sonie\vhat
inrolled, similar in structure to the medulla, lighter below on the octsicie, with 3-4 concentric dark
lilies where the algal cavities reach the surface (the thalline margin of Zahlbrnclrner) ; liypothecium
about 55p thick, pseudopareiichymatous from periclinal hyphae, deeply staining, thin-walled ;
the upper hyphae more slender and vertical; thecinm 110-120p tall; parapliyses semifree, about 2p
in diameter, unbranched, moniliform in the upper 18p and cells 4-5p in diaineter; asci oblong to
clavate, 75-90 X 10-14p, tips not thickened, 8-spored ; ascospores subdisticlions, ellipsoidal, polaribilocular,
rarely 1-septate, 9-14 X 7-8p, protoplasts small, becolnilig larger as the spore matures
until filially they appear 2-locular with only a slightly thickened septum.
This species is one of the most abundant in our collectioiis, but very uniform in habit. Zalilbruclmer
evidently had a rather depauperate thallus for his description althongh the microscopic
anatomy agrees closely with our material. The thecia in onr material is some~vhat shorter than
Zahlbruckner's measurements. Some of onr material is orange to Mars ycllo\v but not different in
habit nor in internal characters. One very small, sterile preserved specimen gro~~iiig oyer mosses,
agrees microscopically in thalline characters. Perhaps it is the same as Lccanorn elegans 1. lwe n s
Nyl. in Crombie, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 15 :184, 1876 ; Phil. Trans. ' ~ o Soc. ~ . [London], 168, 49 :
1879. This was described from specimen from Kergnelen, A. E. Eat011 (Venus Transit Exp.)
growing on dead stems of Aca.ena and Pringlea. It is. lint Placod.iun .llicetl.s Nyl., Lich. N. Zeal.,
145 ; 1888 : Vainio, Lich. Voy. S.Y. "Belgica" 23 ; 1903 : Ca,loplaca lucc~s Zahlbr., Drntsche Siidpolar
Exp. 8, 29; 1906 : from the ~a~ellan' region. Our specimeii is lime green in formalin.
Growing on roclrs with Verr~tcaria. hebena., Mastodiu tessellata, E~zcep~a!ogt.pltn cerebrinclla,
Aecanora atrocaesin, Pyrenodesntia- kcrguelensis, P. vitel!inalla. Rlrellin strbpliontn aud Rinodisa.
aspicilina.
Crozet Archipelago: Possession Island, American Bay, B.A.N.Z.X.R.E. B2O-20, B20-21,
B20-22, B20-23.
Icerguelen : Royal Sound, B.A.N.Z.AX.E. B 90-1, C90-3, R90-18, B90-19, 1390-20, B12B-6,
R126-7, B126-23, B126-24, B126-26; Greenland Harbour B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. R177-5, B177-62;
Observatory Bay, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. R190, H19f-61, B192-62; RInrray Island, B.A.N.Z.A..R.E.
Bell-1, B211-3, B2114, B211-5; Mt. Wyville Thompson, 1,000-1?.',00 ft. B.A.N.Z.A.R.E.
B246-27.
HUEA Dodge & Baker.
H~tea Dodge & Baker, Ann. Mo. Bot. Card., 55, 617 ; 1938.
Type : Hzcea jlava Dodge & Baker.
Thallus crustose, uniform, rugose, or grannlose, attached to the substrate by the n~ednlla~y
hyphae, heteromerous, ecorticate or corticate, algae protococcoid, ecorticate below. Apothecia
lecideine, sessile, circular, black; parathecinm carbonaceous, pseudoparrnchymatous, contill~~ecl